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sn#488264 filedate 1979-12-11 generic text, type C, neo UTF8
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C00214 00023 TUESDAY SEPT 14,1976 FM+6D.1H.33M.7S. LISP 1211 -GLS,JONL-
C00231 00024 THURSDAY JULY 01,1976 NM+4D.11H.48M.23S. LISP 1168 - GLS -
C00241 00025 TUESDAY JUNE 15,1976 FM+3D.2H.27M.33S. LISP 1160 - GLS -
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C00411 00031 12/8/74 JONL & GLS
C00415 00032 FRIDAY SEPT 13,1974 LQ+4D.19H.41M.28S. LISP 909 - GLS -
C00420 00033
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C00431 00035 FRIDAY JULY 19,1974 NM+8H.29M.40S. LISP 861 - GLS -
C00453 00036
C00472 00037 TUESDAY APRIL 23,1974 NM+2D.8H.36M.6S. LISP 810 - GLS -
C00499 00038 FRIDAY MARCH 01,1974 FQ+18H.38M.31S. LISP 767 - GLS -
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Thursday August 16,1979 LQ+1D.1H.28M.3S. LISP 1860 / COMPLR 895 -JONL-
1) DEFMACRO usages no longer cause automatic loading of DEFMAX file.
2) DEFUN& and DEFMACRO admits a "supplied-p" variable for &OPTIONAL variables.
3) DEFAULTF no longer manipulated by LOAD or FASLOAD, and new initial value.
4) ERROR-BREAK-ENVIRONMENT - sets OBARRAY/READTABLE for ↑B and error loops.
5) Splicing macros which return a singleton list may now appear at top level.
The following three items apply to compiler usage:
6) New COMPLR switch "}", controlling the variable QUIT-ON-ERROR
7) New UUO "STRT7" for typing out ascii strings. Works similar to "STRT".
8) Two numerical No-Op subrs FIXNUM-IDENTITY and FLONUM-IDENTITY open-compile
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1) DEFMACRO usages no longer cause automatic loading of DEFMAX file.
As of version 80, DEFMACRO will stop outputting, along with each
macro definition compiled, the form
(AND (NOT (GET '|forget-macromemos/|| 'SUBR))
(LOAD `(,(car (get 'defmacro 'autoload)) DEFMAX FASL)))
Since LISPs prior to about version 1832 did not have autoload properties
for the auxillary functions needed by DEFMACRO-defined macros, then
each such macro explicitly tried to load the DEFMAX file if not already
loaded. If you see a message about
"|forget-macromemos/|| Undefined Function"
it is probably because you are using DEFMACRO output in an old LISP
(and some of the system code does depend upon DEFMACRO, e.g. LET) so
you should simply load the DEFMAX file by hand.
2) DEFUN& and DEFMACRO admits a "supplied-p" variable for &OPTIONAL variables.
The format "(binding default-value flag-variable)" used in a place where a
&OPTIONAL variable would be used, causes the symbol "flag-variable" to be
bound to T if that optional argument is actually supplied, and to null
otherwise. Example:
(DEFUN FOO (&OPTIONAL (Z () ZP?)) ... )
causes "ZP?" to be non-null for those calls to FOO with an argument.
3) DEFAULTF no longer manipulated by LOAD or FASLOAD, and new initial value.
This has the consequence that only the "oldio" compatibility functions
change DEFAULTF (namely, UREAD, UWRITE, UFILE, UKILL). Furthermore, its
initial setting will be
`((DSK ,(status udir)) * >) ;ITS
`((DSK ,(status udir)) * LSP) ;TOPS-10/CMU
`((PS ,(status udir)) * LSP) ;TOPS-20/TENEX
`((DSK ,(status udir)) * ←←←) ;SAIL (kludge, meaning no extension)
4) ERROR-BREAK-ENVIRONMENT - sets OBARRAY/READTABLE for ↑B and error loops.
As a special variable, ERROR-BREAK-ENVIRONMENT holds a pair (cons pair)
of an obarray and readtable to use during the system-supplied ↑B break and
error handlers. Its initial setting is
`(,(get 'OBARRAY 'ARRAY) . ,(get 'READTABLE 'ARRAY))
This may be especially useful to the person who is debugging his macros
during the compilation of some file, and wants a different debugging
environment than the compiler's OBARRAY/READTABLE.
5) Splicing macros which return a singleton list may now appear at top level.
also may appear just after a "dot" for a dotted pair or hunk.
At top level, if a splicing macro returns a list of one element,
then READ returns that element just as if it were read primitively;
the same holds true for splicing macros just after a dotted-pair dot.
E.g., if "}" is defined as (SETSYNTAX '/} 'SPLICING '(LAMBDA () (READ)))
then (A . }(B)) reads in the same as (A . B)
An error (ILLEGAL RETURN VALUE FROM SPLICING MACRO --READ) is given if
something other than () or a singleton LIST is returned in this context.
(Longer lists are of course legal in other circumstances).
Multiple splicing macro calls can be placed after a dot, but only one
of them can return non-NIL, or it is an error.
6) New COMPLR switch "}", controlling the variable QUIT-ON-ERROR
Generally, if an *error* (as opposed to a warning condition)
is discovered, the COMPLR will go into a BREAK loop, awaiting
further intervention by the user. But if the value of the
variable QUIT-ON-ERROR is non-null, it will merely do a (QUIT);
The initial value of this variable is ().
7) New COMPLR switch "7", controlling the variable USE-STRT7
LISP 1858 has a new UUO, "STRT7", for typing out ascii strings, which
works similarly to "STRT". The compiler will generally turn PRINC
of a quoted thing into a STRT (which is for sixbit formats), but
now "STRT7" can be used, resulting in shorter lengths for lower-case
strings. Initially USE-STRT7 is off, since older LISPs don't
support STRT7.
8) Two numerical No-Op subrs FIXNUM-IDENTITY and FLONUM-IDENTITY open-compile
Along with the numerical subrs "+", "+$", etc. are added two identity
functions: (FIXNUM-IDENTITY x) requires that x evaluate to something
of type FIXNUM, and (FLONUM-IDENTITY x) similarly requires FLONUM;
both merely return their argument. In the past, users have been
checking the type of certain arguments by code like "(+ <mumble>)" and
"(+$ <mumble>)"; these forms will still achieve the desired effect,
but "FIXNUM-IDENTITY" and "FLONUM-IDENTITY" can be used to distinguish
this case from accidental 1-argument uses of the fixnum PLUS function.
These functions are not part of a type-assertion scheme, but merely take
advantage of the compiler's open-coding schemes.
Thursday June 07,1979 FQ+5D.11H.58M.56S. - Jonl -
1) Value of "MAKHUNK" permits use of a new HUNK2 space.
2) HUNKs now have a PRINT syntax, and can be FASLOADed
3) Added comma syntax for backquote selects NCONC rather than APPEND
4) Backquote macro permits "grindef"ing in format exactly as read in.
5) The famous but Kludgy Binford Editor is now autoloadable.
6) Remaining hooks into TOPLEVEL/BREAK loop
7) LAST-MACROEXPANDED-LOSER is gone.
8) RPLACX now is open-coded by COMPLR (in the same way that CXR is)
9) New compiler switch: HUNK2-TO-LIST, with switch letter "2".
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1) Value of "MAKHUNK" permits use of a new HUNK2 space.
The value of the special variable MAKHUNK controls whether hunks
of size 1 and 2 are stored in LIST space, or in a HUNK2 space.
MAKHUNK = T says use HUNK2; initial setting is MAKHUNK = T.
The compiler will rewrite forms like "(HUNK x)" and "(HUNK x y)"
into appropiate calls to NCONS or CONS, depending on the value of
the new compiler switch "HUNK2-TO-LIST" - see the comment below.
2) HUNKs now have a PRINT syntax, and can be FASLOADed
When "MAKHUNK" is non-null, certain formats will be recognized by
the reader as presenting HUNKs; when "MAKHUNK" is null, these formats
will be treated as previously, namely erroneous. Any "S-expression"
presented like a list, but with more than one dot, or with a dot
immediately before the final parens, will be read-in as a HUNK. E.g.
(A . B . C), (A . B .) as well as (A .)
PRINT will always put the dot before the final parens.
FASLAP can output hunks, in case any should be incorporated into your
expr code; and FASLOAD can load them back in.
3) Added comma syntax for backquote selects NCONC rather than APPEND
The form ",." in addition to ",@" is recognized by the backquote
feature. ",." selects NCONC instead of APPEND, and thus we have
`(,@B C) generates (APPEND B '(C))
`(,.B C) generates (NCONC B '(C))
[This idea, for ",." comes from RBR]
4) Backquote macro permits "grindef"ing in format exactly as read in.
The "backquote" macro now has the option of generating
"macroified" code, with the name |`-expander/|| as a primary
eval-time macro. This option will be exercised if
BACKQUOTE-EXPAND-WHEN is "EVAL" (or in general anything except
"READ"), and otherwise the expansion will occur at read-in time
just as at present. Three other internal markers are added:
|`,/|| |`,@/|| and |`,./||.
GRINDEF would print out a form just like it was read-in, using
the READMACROINVERSE feature; however, there is a flaw in this
feature in that readmacros won't appear in the CDR part of
a list; thus you never see '(A . 'B) grindef'd out that way.
For the same reason, it would be somewhat of a pain to get
`(A . ,B) to grindef out that way, but `(A ,@B) and `(A ,.B)
both win. Note the weird commutation: `(A . ,B) works the
same as `(A ,. B) ??
All the aforesaid "markers" and macros are on the obarray, so that
any PRINTing or GRINDEFing (regardless of the success of the
READMACROINVERSE attempts) would be readable back in with no loss
of functionality. All such markers (and other parts of this feature)
are automatically autoloaded.
5) The famous but Kludgy Binford Editor is now autoloadable.
Thus it is no longer part of the initial ITS maclisp environment.
REMEMBER: ≠≠ holds the last thing killed
≠≠≠ holds the "back-upwards" list
↑↑↑ holds the "back-leftwards" list
EDIT hold a list of the names for "editible" properties
"S", that is the search command, with no trailing arguments,
means to search again for the same thing as before.
Both "S" and "I" take arbitrarily many trailing arguments,
terminated by <alt-mode><altmode><space>
Also, any symbol with an EDIT property may be an edit command,
wherein the function stored under the EDIT property is applied
to a number: 0 means no numeric arg to function
n > 0 is the numeric argument given to the command
6) Remaining hooks into TOPLEVEL/BREAK loop
The following special global variables are now in the system, and
they also have respectively a SUBR property corresponding to the
system-supplied code for the parallel top-level operations:
READ-EVAL-*-PRINT for "prin1" part of the loop, subr of 1 arg
READ-EVAL-PRINT-* for "terpri" part of the loop, subr of 0 args
*-READ-EVAL-PRINT for "read" part of the loop, subr of 0 args
READ-*-EVAL-PRINT for "eval" part of the loop, subr of 1 arg
The "LISP REB
nT" note of May 15,1978 mentioned two of these as
"hooks" into the TOPLEVEL/BREAK loop; the number of these hooks is
thus now extended to include the full set possible. Recall that each
such function "intercepts" the TOPLEVEL/BREAK loop at the point of the
"*" in its PNAME. Thus one pass through the loop would look essentially
like:
(AND *-READ-EVAL-PRINT (FUNCALL *-READ-EVAL-PRINT)) ;"intercept"
(SETQ * (*-READ-EVAL-PRINT) ;TOP-LEVEL-READ
(AND READ-*-EVAL-PRINT (FUNCALL READ-*-EVAL-PRINT *)) ;"intercept"
(SETQ * (READ-*-EVAL-PRINT *)) ;TOP-LEVEL-EVAL
(AND READ-EVAL-*-PRINT (FUNCALL READ-EVAL-*-PRINT *)) ;"intercept"
(READ-EVAL-*-PRINT *) ;TOP-LEVEL-PRINT
(AND READ-EVAL-PRINT-* (FUNCALL READ-EVAL-PRINT-*)) ;"intercept"
(READ-EVAL-PRINT-*) ;TOP-LEVEL-TERPRI
7) LAST-MACROEXPANDED-LOSER is gone.
It used to do something in macros defined by DEFMACRO.
8) RPLACX now is open-coded by COMPLR (in the same way that CXR is)
9) New compiler switch: HUNK2-TO-LIST, with switch letter "2".
causes "(HUNK x)" to compile like "(NCONS x)", and "(HUNK x y)"
to compile like "(CONS x y)". Initial setting is (), so that
hunk calls are output; in the object environment, a hunk call may
actually produce a list cell if MAKHUNK is null.
Wednesday April 11,1979 FQ+7D.0H.20M.8S. - JONL -
1) New features for DEFMACRO: MACRO-EXPANSION-USE and temporary
switch overrides for the free-variable type switches.
2) OWN-SYMBOL - a declaration for disassociating any systemic properties
from a symbol when compiling a file.
3) MACRO-EXPAND in the compiler - a macro-expander for all levels.
←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←
1) New features for DEFMACRO: MACRO-EXPANSION-USE and temporary
switch overrides for the free-variable type switches.
MACRO-EXPANSION-USE for "memorizing" macro expansions
in a hash-array and for displace'ing macros in which the
call is displaced in an "back-up'able" manner.
Temporary overrides for the three macro-definition switches
(namely DEFMACRO-DISPLACE-CALL, DEFMACRO-FOR-COMPILING, and
DEFMACRO-CHECK-ARGS). This feature is available for
DEFMACRO and DEFUN/& and MACRO.
1a) Chuck Rich's macro annotation package (MACROD) and Ken Kahn's
macro expansion package have been added to MACLISP's DEFMACRO
facility. A new runtime switch (as opposed to macro definition
time switch) has been added, MACRO-EXPANSION-USE:
If MACRO-EXPANSION-USE is set to MACROMEMO, then Rich's hash-
array "memoizer" will remember previously-expanded macro calls,
and not re-expand unless the macro is redefined (via DEFMACRO);
If MACRO-EXPANSION-USE is set to MACROEXPANDED, then Kahn's
style "displacer" will displace the original call with a form
which remembers both the old original, and the expansion, and
not re-expand unless the macro is redefined (via DEFMACRO);
GRINDEF is smart about these "displaced" forms.
In the runtime environment, macros produced while
DEFMACRO-DISPLACE-CALL is non-null will pay attention to the global
variable MACRO-EXPANSION-USE (default = () ).
MACRO-EXPANSION-USE:
= MACROEXPANDED - Displace the original cell with a form like
(MACROEXPANDED <name>
<version-number>
<original-form>
<expansion>)
Thereafter, the macro named MACROEXPANDED will
return the <expansion> until either the value of
MACRO-EXPANSION-USE changes, or the <version-number>
of the original macro changes (such as by loading
in a new definition of the macro).
= MACROEXPAND - Same as above; for those who can't spell.
= DISPLACE - Displace the original cell with the expansion of the
macro-form. There is no general way to un-do, or
"go back" after this kind of displacement.
= MACROMEMO - Remember the expansions is a hasharray, where the
global variable MACROMEMO is a dotted pair of the
number-of-buckets and the array pointer itself.
All "memorized" expansions can be forgotten merely
by doing (RPLACD MACROMEMO () ).
= () - None of the above, i.e. merely expand the macro
and return that value.
Pretty-printing of forms displaced with MACROEXPANDED is controlled by
the global variable GRIND-MACROEXPANDED: if T, then only the
expanded form will be printed; if (), then only the original form
will be printed. (Default = () )
As an aid in debugging, the global variable LAST-MACROEXPANDED-LOSER
holds a ptr to the last cell visited by MACROEXPANDED
1b) The three switches relevant to macro defining time (as opposed
macro expansion time) may be temporarily overridden. These
switches are DEFMACRO-DISPLACE-CALL, DEFMACRO-FOR-COMPILING, and
DEFMACRO-CHECK-ARGS. If the "name" part of a DEFMACRO usage is a
list (instead of a symbol), then the first element is taken as the
"name", and the rest of the list is treated like a form to SETQ,
that is, alternating items in the list are names for the switches
and a form that is evaluated to get the switch value. For example:
(DEFMACRO (RLIST DEFMACRO-DISPLACE-CALL 'T DEFMACRO-CHECK-ARGS ()) (X Y)
`(LIST ,y ,x))
will make a macro for RLIST which will be of the run-time
displacing type as explained above, regardless of the global setting
of the switch DEFMACRO-DISPLACE-CALL; also it will not insert any
code into RLIST to check for proper number of args being passed.
This capability, for DEFMACRO-DISPLACE-CALL, rather outdates the
function DEFMACRO-DISPLACE, for any call to it could merely be
replaced by a call to DEFMACRO with a temporary override of the
switch DEFMACRO-DISPLACE-CALL.
As a reminder, the meaning of these three switches is reproduced here:
DEFMACRO-DISPLACE-CALL if non-null, the resultant macros do a runtime
(default = T) test of MACRO-EXPANSION-USE for possible
displacement and/or "memoizing" in a hasharray.
DEFMACRO-FOR-COMPILING determines whether the macros produced will be
(default = T) of the form that gets compiled by COMPLR
(in either case, COMPLR "remembers" them).
DEFMACRO-CHECK-ARGS determines whether there should be code to carry
(default = T) out number-of-args checking at runtime.
2) OWN-SYMBOL - a declaration for disassociating any systemic properties
from a symbol when compiling a file.
E.g. (DECLARE (OWN-SYMBOL PUSH UNWIND-PROTECT))
will REMOB the two symbols PUSH and UNWIND-PROTECT, and thus
subsequent usages of them in the file will appear to be "fresh"
atoms. This is the surest way to disconnect all special knowledge
that COMPLR has about a particular symbol, so that it can be used
by the user in some peculiar way.
3) MACRO-EXPAND in the compiler - a macro-expander for all levels.
Item 6 of the LISP RECENT note dated Jan 27, 1979, spoke about
a switch EXPAND-OUT-MACROS, which affects the treatment of
top-level forms which are sent out to the FASL file. The
function MACRO-EXPAND is called, which performs a sort of
"meta" compilation on the form, but actually only expanding out
any macro usages (which would later be expanded and run during
load-in time). This saves the load/run-time environment the
burden of needing the whole macro-environment. This function,
MACRO-EXPAND, is available to the user for his various wants,
as it is on both obarrays.
Saturday Jan 27,1979 LQ+7D.1H.40M.31S. LISP 1785 / COMPLR 867 -JONL-
1) EVAL-WHEN - - a new fsubr, like DECLARE but much more general
2) DEFUN permits LISP-Machine like syntax, and LET-destructuring of arguments.
3) New AUTOLOADable MACROs: LET, LET*, DESETQ; and DEFMACRO, MACRO, DEFUN&
Functions MACROEXPAND and MACROEXPAND-1, defined as on LISPM, are available
4) Better error checking in *RSET mode for functions that cdr down lists:
LAST now gets the last node of a non-atomic s-expression, or () for ().
5) "MACLISP" is now on the feature list, to help distinguish from LISPM.
6) COMPLR has some new switches and global variables - EXPAND-OUT-MACROS etc.
7) SUSPEND - review of meanings of arguments
8) Under the ITS operating system, a JCL line with only a <space> means don't
use any INIT file, even if the connected directory has one. This may
be extended to the TOPS versions also.
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1) EVAL-WHEN - - a new fsubr, like DECLARE but much more general
(EVAL-WHEN (<id1> <id2> ... <idn>) <foo1> <foo2> . . . <foon>)
will cause the evaluation of the various <fooi> only if the "evaluator"
matches one of the indicators in the first list; these indicators <idi>
may be among EVAL, COMPILE, or LOAD, which respectively trigger
EVAL - a normal, read-eval-print loop
COMPILE - the "maklap" processor, which compiles files
LOAD - "fasload" (which only processes compiler output)
(EVAL-WHEN (COMPILE) (SAY THIS)) is entirely equivalent to
(DECLARE (SAY THIS))
(EVAL-WHEN (EVAL LOAD) (RUN THAT)) is generally equivalent to
(RUN THAT)
(EVAL-WHEN (LOAD) (PRINT '|Loading Compiled version of Foo|))
will cause the print request to appear only in the compiled FASL
file, and be run at load time. (or LAP file if you don't assemble).
(EVAL-WHEN (EVAL COMPILE LOAD) (SETSYNTAX '/% 'MACRO 'FUNNY-FUN))
causes evaluation in all environments, which is often what one wants
with macro characters.
2) DEFUN permits LISP-Machine like syntax, and LET-destructuring of arguments.
DEFUN automatically becomes DEFUN& if "&" keywords occur in the dummy
argument list, or any dummy argument is not a symbol; see 3b below.
3) New AUTOLOADable MACROs: LET, LET*, DESETQ; and DEFMACRO, MACRO, DEFUN&
Functions MACROEXPAND and MACROEXPAND-1, defined as on LISPM, are available
from the file supporting DEFUN&, but they do not have autoload properties.
LET, LET*, and DESETQ are on the same file LISP;LET FASL
DEFMACRO, MACRO, and DEFUN& are on the file LISP;DEFMAC FASL
In the BNF descriptions below, "{...|...}" denotes precisely one of
the alternatives between the brackets and separated by vertical-bars;
"{...}*" means zero or more occurances of the alternatives, "{...}+"
means one or more occurances.
3a) LET, LET*, and DESETQ
Following the many user definitions of a macro LET, we now
have an autoload property for LET, and a definitions of it
which is fairly intuitive:
(LET ((A <e1>) (B <E2>) ... (C <en>))
<computate>)
macro-expands into
((LAMBDA (A B ... C) <computate> )
<e1> <e2> ... <en>)
In certain arcane instances, one wants a sequential binding, rather
than the parallel binding that occurs for a multiple-variable LAMBDA;
thus, LET* may be used:
(LET* ((A <e1>) (B <E2>) ... (C <en>))
<computate>)
macro-expands into
((LAMBDA (A)
((LAMBDA (B)
...
((LAMBDA (C)
<computate> )
<en>)
... )
<e2>)
<en>)
In all other respect, however, LET* is similar to LET. One
especially useful feature which the MACLISP macro for LET has is
that of "pattern decomposition": a general data pattern may be used
in each place where a variable is expected; and for each combination
of data-accessing functions which access a non-null symbol in the data
pattern, there is set up a binding between that symbol and the same
data-accessing path applied to the "argument" expression (that is,
one of the <ei>). Thus nullist in a pattern means "ignore". A simple
example should suffice, but also a BNF description is given.
(LET ( ((A . B) <e1>)
((() C () D) <e2>)
(TEMP1)
TEMP2 )
<computate>)
expands into something that operates like
((LAMBDA (G0001 G0002 A B C D TEMP1 TEMP2)
(SETQ A (CAR G0001))
(SETQ B (CDR G0001))
(SETQ C (CADR G0002))
(SETQ D (CADDDR G0002))
<computate>)
<e1> <e2> () () () () () () )
Just exactly what code comes out of the LET macro depends on many
things, but the intent is to "decompose" the argument, according
to the structure of the pattern of variables, and bind the variables
correspondingly.
DESETQ is similar, but there is no "binding" involved - only
"set"ing. For example,
(DESETQ (A . B) (MUMBLIFY))
might become
((LAMBDA (G0001) (SETQ A (CAR G0001) B (CDR G0001))) (MUMBLIFY))
When compiled, the extra variable G0001 may not cause any noticeable
slowdown in the running of such code, but if the item being
destructured is denoted by a variable, then there is no new LAMBDA:
(DESETQ (() C () D) XVAR)
might expand into
(SETQ C (CADR XVAR) D (CADDDR XVAR))
A given instance of LET or DESETQ usage will be "DISPLACED" or
not depending on the value of the variable DEFMACRO-DISPLACE-CALL;
See 3c below for more information about the use of this flag.
In point of fact, LET is continually being extended to know
about structures other than lists; thus in NIL, one may destructure
thru VECTORs also, and thru a "record" created by the structure
package DEFVST (currently on LIBDOC and LIBLSP). But leaving
aside these more arcane data structure for now, a BNF description
would be
( LET ( { <symbol> | ( <pattern> <computation> ) }* )
{ <s-exp> }* )
where a "<pattern>" may be a symbol, or the nullist, or any list
(or "vector", or "defvst") structure. Also:
( DESETQ <pattern> <computation> )
3b) DEFUN&, for maclisp compatibility with the extended DEFUN syntax
of the LISPMachine, using "&OPTIONAL" and "&REST"
Also, note that if DEFUN notices the occurance of any of the
keywords &OPTIONAL, &REST, or &AUX in the defining arglist, the
the form is automatically turned into a DEFUN& (which may have
to be autoloaded). This way, it will appear that MACLISP
supports the extended syntax. Let an "<arglist>" be defined
by BNF as follows:
( {<pattern>}* { &OPTIONAL { <symbol> | ( <pattern> <s-exp> ) }* }
{ &REST <symbol> }
{ &AUX { <symbol> | ( <pattern> <s-exp> ) }* } )
Then the extended DEFUN syntax is defined by
( DEFUN { <symbol> | (<symbol> <symbol>) | (<symbol> <symbol> <symbol>) }+
{ EXPR | FEXPR | MACRO | | }
{ <symbol> | () | <arglist> }
{ ( DECLARE { <s-exp> }* ) | | }
{ <s-exp> }* )
Note that this allow pattern decomposition at each argument
position of a function definition; if a single symbol, say <sym>
occurs in the optional list, it is treated as if it were of the
form "(<sym> () )" - this way there is no ambiguity caused by
the permission of <pattern>s in the optional list, for the use
of such must be in the default-value-supplied form. Also, the
order of evaluation of the default values for optional arguments,
and of the values for the auxillary variables, is strictly
left-to-right, **after** all the non-optional argument bindings
have been made. Here is an example with a lot of "bells-and-whistles"
just for illustrative purposes:
(DEFUN FOO ( (() NAME VARLIST . BODY)
KIND
&OPTIONAL (PS-FLAG (AND (EQ (CAAR BODY) 'DECLARE)))
((DNAM . DLST) (AND PS-FLAG (CADAR BODY)))
&REST W
&AUX (N (COND (PS-FLAG 5) (6)))
)
(WORK-IT-OUT ...))
Thus FOO requires at least two arguments; and two more will be further
bound, one into PS-FLAG, and the other destructured into (DNAM . DLST)
3c) DEFMACRO, MACRO -- macro-producing macros, compatible with LISPM.
Three flags are noticed during instances of the macro expansions:
DEFMACRO-CHECK-ARGS (default = T)
DEFMACRO-DISPLACE-CALL (default = T)
DEFMACRO-FOR-COMPILING (default = T)
The first flag if non-null, produces a macro which checks each
instance of usage for compatible numbers of "arguments"; since this
checking takes time, it may not be desirable in all circumstances.
The second if non-null, produces a macro which calls
DISPLACE in order to displace out the original macro call.
The macros MACRO-DISPLACE and DEFMACRO-DISPLACE exist, just
as in the LISPM, which do not pay attention to this flag, but
rather always yield a product which uses DISPLACE.
The third determines which of the two macro-defining forms
will be used: (DEFUN foo MACRO ...) or (DEFUN (foo MACRO) ...)
If non-null, the latter will be used so that the macro will be
compiled by the compiler (whereas the former format is intended
primarily for macros used interpretively, or as compilation aids;
see 5b below.
DEFMACRO admits a "bound-variable-list" that is reminiscent of
the standard argument-list processing:
( {<pattern>}*
{&OPTIONAL {<symbol> | (<pattern> <default.evaluation>) }+ }
{&REST <symbol>} )
As with DEFUN&, a single symbol, say <sym>, in the &optional list
is treated as if it were of the form "(<sym> () )", for purposes
of default initializations.
Examples:
(MACRO ERRBRK (X) (COND ((EQ (CADR X) 'BARF) '(ERR))
(`(PROG2 (PRINC ',(cadr x)) (BREAK ERROR)))))
(DEFMACRO ERRBRK (MSG &OPTIONAL (BKTYPE 'ERROR))
(COND ((EQ (CADR X) 'BARF) '(ERR))
(`(PROG2 (PRINC ',msg) (BREAK ,bktype)))))
4) Better error checking in *RSET mode for functions that cdr down lists:
LAST now gets the last node of a non-atomic s-expression, or () for ().
In *RSET mode, the time is taken to check that no attempt is made
to take the cdr of a non-null atom in the functions
NTH, NTHCDR, APPEND, NCONC, REVERSE, NREVERSE, NRECONC, ASSQ, MEMQ, DELQ
Regardless of the setting of *RSET, the following functions will
not cdr through a non-null atom:
LAST, MEMBER, ASSOC, DELETE, all MAP series.
[In LISP versions prior to about 1783, LAST had the bug that it would
begin cdr'ing down the plist of any symbol at the termination of a
non-standard list - try (LAST '(A . CAR))]. Note however, if any of the
MAP series gets expanded into a DO loop by the compiler, the endtest will
be replaced by NULL rather than ATOM.
5) "MACLISP" is now on the feature list, to help distinguish from LISPM.
(STATUS FEATURE LISPM) is non-null for the LISP machine
(STATUS FEATURE MACLISP) is non-null for all PDP10 and MULTICS MACLISPs
(STATUS FEATURE NIL) is non-null for any real or simulated NIL.
6) COMPLR has some new switches and global variables - EXPAND-OUT-MACROS etc.
6a) new switch - H for variable EXPAND-OUT-MACROS
Toplevel forms which are not functions to be compiled (or other
wise specially treated by MAKLAP) could be fully macro-expanded
before being output to the FASL file. Normal setting is non-null
meaning to do this expansion.
6b) repeat of meaning of the M switch - variable MACROS
MAKLAP will not cause the compilation of a form like
(DEFUN <foo> MACRO (<var>) ...) when it is processing a file,
for it assumes that this macro is only for aid during compilation.
If MACROS is non-null, it will also output an expr form for such
a macro into the FASL file. Remember that if the definition is like
(DEFUN (<foo> MACRO) (<var>) ...), then the compiled version of the
macro will always be output. In either case, COMPLR remembers the
expr definition for use during the subsequent parts of the file.
6c) new variable - MAKLAP-DEFAULTF-STYLE
The command line read maklap usually consists of two file specs
separater by a left-arrow (underscore in new ascii); the filling
in of the unspecified components of a file spec can be done either
from the accumulated left-to-right mergeing, or begin separately
for input and output file specs. MIDAS style is the former, and
the value of this new variable either is MIDAS or ().
6d) when making up, can set feature NO-EXTRA-OBARRAY
(SSTATUS FEATURE NO-EXTRA-OBARRAY) will permit CCLOAD to make
up a compiler without the COBARRAY/CREADTABLE which separates
user environment from compiler environment. If saving about 1.5K
or so words means that much to you, and taking a chance means
very little . . .
7) SUSPEND - review of meanings of arguments
[Original information in the LISP NEWS file, under dates
5/22/74 JAN 13,1978 June 14,1978 ]
If no arguments are given, then a return to monitor is preceeded by
the message ";$Suspended$" (in ITS, it is ":≠Suspended≠", and those
are alt-modes rather than dollar-signs).
First arg - string for printing to exec; null; or (on ITS) small fixnum.
Ordinarily, when the suspended LISP returns to the monitor, it
will print the message ";$Suspended$", but a non-null symbol will
be printed instead; null means continue immediately, possibly after
dumping out into the file specified by the second argument.
For ITS system, the message printed out will be executed by DDT, just
like a string to VALRET; if the argument is a fixnum, it will be
taken as the value to put in the right half of a .BREAK 16,.
Second arg - file name in which to dump the pure parts of the system
For ITS system, the job is PDUMPd, with an "indirect" symbol table;
the pages shared with the system-dumped TS LISP are not dumped
if (STATUS FLUSH) is non-null. Since a LISP tries to share its
read-only pages with the system-dumped TS LISP, the only reason
for allowing them to be copied out into the dump'd file when
SUSPENDing is the fear that the system-dumped TS LISP may
inadvertently disappear off the file system.
For TOPS-10 systems (and SAIL), the high segment of a two-segment
job is dumped into this file; one must still type a SSAVE (or
or SAVE) at the monitor in order to dump the low segment. But
if (STATUS FLUSH) is non-null, then no dumping of the high
segment occurs, and it is flushed before returning to the monitor,
so that when the dumped low segment is re-activated, it will try
to retrieve the high segment associated with the original
LISP.SHR file. Caution! As of Jan 1979, there may still be
bugs in the non-its version of SUSPEND.
8) Under the ITS operating system, a JCL line with only a <space> means don't
use any INIT file, even if the connected directory has one. This may
be extended to the TOPS versions also.
Thursday Oct 12,1978 FQ+3D.8H.53M.53S. COMPLR 834 - JONL -
[1] New command line switch "Y", causes all warning and error
messages to appear on the TTY. A summary of conditions for
compiler messages appears below.
[2] OBARRAYs revisited: SOBARRAY and COBARRAY, also SREADTABLE
and CREADTABLE.
[3] Functional variables are no longer supported. "V" switch is gone.
You will have to use FUNCALL if that's what you want. Beware.
←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←
[1] New command line switch "Y", causes all warning and error
messages to appear on the TTY. A summary of conditions for
compiler messages appears below.
The "Y" switch controls the variable YESWARNTTY; if the "T"
switch has been specified, it too will set YESWARNTTY on. Default
setting for all switches is "off", except "F", "K", "O", and "U".
The "U" switch primarily controls the printing of the assembler's
commentary into the unfasl file; warning messages and error messages
from either the compiler or assembler will be put into the unfasl file
(as well as into any file on the list CMSGFILES, which is initially null),
and will also be printed on the TTY if YESWARNTTY is non-null. If nothing
other than the header gets put into the unfasl file, it will be deleted.
If no fasl file is being produced (only the lap file is being generated),
then the warning and error messages will be put into the lap file.
The format of commentary in the UNFASL file is:
1) A header of three lines with source file name, assembler version
number, and compiler version number, and (optionally if available)
a line with the date and time of compilation.
"'(THIS IS THE UNFASL FOR (fn1 fn2 dev usr))"
"'(ASSEMBLED BY FASLAP /nnn)"
"'(COMPILED BY LISP COMPILER /nnn)"
";COMPILED ON WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 11, 1978, AT 12:49 PM"
2) "(COMMENT **** " begins a warning message
3) "(COMMENT **ERROR** " begins an error message
4) " (COMMENT **FASL** " begins a comment from the assembler
5) "(COMMENT " begins users COMMENTs, which are added
to the unfasl file
switches | warnings | errors | run break-loop | notifications
T Y G | to TTY | to TTY | if find errors | to TTY
←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←|←←←←←←←←←←|←←←←←←←←|←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←|←←←←←←←←←←←←←←
off off off | no | no | yes | no
off off on | no | no | no | no
off on off | yes | yes | yes | no
off on on | yes | yes | no | no
on off off | yes | yes | yes | yes
on off on | yes | yes | no | yes
on on off | yes | yes | yes | yes
on on on | yes | yes | no | yes
[2] OBARRAYs revisited: SOBARRAY and COBARRAY, also SREADTABLE
and CREADTABLE.
SOBARRAY is a global variable which holds the
obarray containing the compiler functions; COBARRAY holds the
user's functions. It is possible to create a COMPLR that has
only one obarray (normally there are two - one for the compiler's
functions, and one for the users') if at creation time before
fasloading the COMPLR, one does (SSTATUS FEATURE NO-EXTRA-OBARRAY).
Both obarray names - COBARRAY and SOBARRAY - are on both obarrays;
so it is an easy matter to switch obarrays - just do
(SETQ OBARRAY SOBARRAY) or (SETQ OBARRAY COBARRAY)
COBARRAY is made current after quitting to LISP toplevel (such as
by typing ↑G), so that complr functions will not interfere with use
of CHOMP. Also CREADTABLE is allied with COBARRAY in the attempt
to separate user-specific syntax from the standard LISP syntax.
Both names CREADTABLE and SREADTABLE are on both obarrays.
Friday Oct 6,1978 NM+4D.11H.46M.53S. LISP 1747/1750 -HIC, JONL-
Changes affecting all LISPs:
[1] COMPLR now supports the new CATCH-like functions,
and in-core compilation with the function CHOMP
[2] New OPEN option: NODEFAULT
Changes affecting ITS LISP:
[A] New INIT file scheme supported
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Changes affecting all LISPs:
[1] Compiler support for the new catch-style functions (UNWIND-PROTECT,
*CATCH, *THROW, CATCHALL, and CATCH-BARRIER) is in compiler version 828
which is being released synchronously with LISP 1747.
A new function in the COMPLR, "CHOMP", is from LIBLSP;CHOMP FASL.
(CHOMP FUN1 FUN2 . . . FUN-M)
will compile and asemble, in-core, all the m functions named, making the
SUBR [or FSUBR] property to preceed the old EXPR [or FEXPR] property on
the property list. Thus the compiled version will be current, but the
EXPR version may be restored by REMPROPing the compiled marker.
(CHOMP (FN1 FN2 DEV USR) FUN1 FUN2 . . . FUN-M)
will do the same as above, but will also produce a file of FASL code named
DEV:USR;FN1 FN2
[2] New OPEN option: NODEFAULT
Normally, OPEN merges the user given filespec with the default filespec.
Since * means omitted component, a file with a * in its name could not
be looked up. To prevent merging with defaultf, and thereby allowing
filenames with *'s to be looked up, use the NODEFAULT flag in the options
list.
Changes affecting ITS LISP:
[A] New INIT file scheme supported by LISP. The new release of DDT (currently
on MC, soon to be on all machines) supports a new style of INIT file
as well as sophisticated HSNAME hackery. LISP now has support for both
of these features.
(STATUS HSNAME) returns your current HSNAME (home directory, where all
init files and your mail live)
This is the same as (STATUS HOMEDIR)
(STATUS HSNAME foo) returns foo's home directory ("foo" is evaled)
(STATUS HSNAME foo its) returns foo's home directory on the specified
ITS ("foo" and "its" are evaled)
(STATUS XUNAME) returns your XUNAME (his "real" name, possibly with
trailing digits removed). This is the same
as (STATUS USERID), but is included for
compatibility with ITS names for things.
The algorithm for interpreting the JCL line and for finding init files for
LISP jobs is as follows:
A) No JCL, look for <hsname>;<xuname> LISP, if not found try
<hsname>;* LISP
B) JCL of the form:
foo; look for foo;<xuname> LISP, if not found try
foo;* LISP
fn1 look for <sname>;fn1 >
fn1 fn2 look for <sname>;fn1 fn2
foo;fn1 look for foo;fn1 >
for COMPLRs, it is similar:
look for <hsname>;<xuname> COMPLR, if not found try
<hsname>;* COMPLR
Sunday Sept 17,1978 FM+11H.57M.58S. LISP 1742 -HIC, JONL-
Changes affecting all LISPs:
[1] New autoloadable interpreter macros: backquote ("`") and LET.
[2] New functions: NTH, NTHCDR, and LIST*
[3] *THROW, *CATCH, CATCHALL, CATCH-BARRIER, and UNWIND-PROTECT.
[4] SFA's (Software File Arrays) are implemented; see below.
[5] DISPLACE now treats atomic arguments differently.
[6] Minor changes to treatment of bound-variable lists.
NIL is now ignored if used as a variable in bound-variable-lists.
PROGV with more variables than values will make the extras "unbound"
[7] OPEN now complains about illegal keywords
[8] The null pname now prints as ||
[9] New features: SFA, EXPERIMENTAL
Changes affecting ITS LISPs:
[A] Planned move of autoloadable system files from COMMON; to LISP;
[B] PURE now defaultly 1
[C] Arg to TTY-RETURN function is now meaningful
Changes of interest to LISP internals hackers:
[{] There is now a way, using some LAP or MIDAS code, to handle IOC errors
Compiler changes:
[i] The name "QCOMPLR" replaced by "COMPLR"
[ii] COMPLR will now try to fully macro-expand any toplevel form.
[iii] More on COMPLR command line switch settings, and on error messages.
[iv] New names used for temporary files usage during compilation.
You may find FOO ←FASL← and FOO ←UNFA← while producing FOO FASL.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Changes affecting all LISPs:
[1] New autoloadable interpreter macros: backquote ("`") and LET.
The "backquote" macro and the LET macro will be autoloaded when used.
The backquote macro allows generation of quoted structure with
evaluated inserts, and is compatible with the LISP Machine's version.
A "," within a backquote indicates evaluation of the next s-expression,
and ",@" indicates not only evaluation but also that the resultant form is
"spliced" into the surrounding list.
For example:
`(A B ,(+ 1 2)) reads in like (CONS 'A (CONS 'B (CONS (+ 1 2) 'NIL)))
which when evaluated generates (A B 3)
`(A B ,@(LIST 1 2)) read in like
(CONS 'A (CONS 'B (APPEND (LIST 1 2) 'NIL)))
which when evaluated generates (A B 1 2)
One can imagine how especially helpful this will be in writing definitions
of MACROs.
The LET macro provides a convenient way to lambda-bind variables to
values. Its usages is as follows:
(LET ((var1 val1) (var2 val2) . . . (varn valn))
<form1>
. . .
<formn>)
One may substitute merely "var" in place of "(var NIL)"
For example:
(LET ((A 1) (B 2) C)
<forms>)
Binds A to 1, B to 2, and C to NIL and then evaluates <forms>.
An extension to the binding of one variable, is a "pattern" of
variables, which are bound to the corresponding subparts of the
"val"; e.g., (LET ( ((A . B) '(CONS 1 2)) ((C () D) (LIST 1 2 3)))
<forms>)
would bind A to "CONS", B to "(1 2)", C to "1", and D to "3".
There is an attempt by the LET macro code to optimize the destructuring
operations of CAR and CDR over the original value.
[2] New functions: NTH, NTHCDR, and LIST*
For cdr'ing down a list, using 0-origin indexing, use NTHCDR and NTH:
(NTHCDR 0 x) is just x, and (NTHCDR n+1 x) is (CDR (NTHCDR n x))
(NTH n x) is the same as (CAR (NTHCDR n x))
For compound constructions using CONS, use LIST* as if it were an
LSUBR version of CONS. For example,
(LIST* <e0> <e1> . . . <en>) evals like
(CONS <e0> (CONS <e1> . . . (CONS <en-1> <en>) . . . ))
[3] *THROW, *CATCH, CATCHALL, CATCH-BARRIER, and UNWIND-PROTECT.
For compatibility with the new format of CATCH and THROW in the
LISP Machine, and in NIL, we are introducing *THROW and *CATCH.
Please use these, and sometime in the future, CATCH and THROW in
PDP10 MACLISP may be changed also. It is recommended that old code be
converted to *CATCH and *THROW.
(*CATCH <tag> e1 e2 ... e<n>)
Forms e1 through e<n> are evaluated, returning the last as the
value of the CATCH, unless a THROW (or *THROW) occurs whose tag matches
the value of <tag> during the sub-evaluations; then the value of
the catch is the value from the THROW. Note that <tag> is evaluated
first.
(*THROW <tag> <val>)
Both <tag> and <val> are evaluated as in normal SUBR control,
and a control-chain break-up is initiated, passing along both
values; at some higher level, the break-up will be "caught".
If the "catching" is by CATCH, then the value of <val> is
passed to CATCH; if by CATCHALL, the both values are passed (q.v.).
(CATCHALL <fun-2-args> e1 e2 ... e<n>)
Has same semantics as CATCH, except that if **any** THROW occurs
during the sub-evaluations, then the value of the CATCH is obtained
by applying the value of <fun-2-args> to the throw value and throw
tag. E.g.
(CATCHALL '(LAMBDA (TG VAL)
;Note that for some tags, the throw is
; repeated, so that the CATCHALL acts as
; if it in fact ignores that THROW.
(COND ((MEMQ TG '(TOPLEVEL BREAK)) (THROW VAL TG))
((OR STOPP (EQ TG 'FOO)) (THROW VAL 'FOO))
(#T VAL)))
(SETUP 25)
(RUNLIKE ABAT))
(CATCH-BARRIER <tag-list> e1 e2 ... e<n>)
Has the same syntax as CATCH, and more or less the same semantics, but
if a thrown tag is not in the tag-list, then the THROW that threw it
goes into an unseen-throw-tag error. The idea is that searching does
not proceed back up the stack beyond this point; whereas if a THROW of
a tag is not caught by a particular CATCH, then tag searching continues
back up to the stack above the CATCH.
(UNWIND-PROTECT <e> u1 u2 ... u<n>)
The form <e> will be evaluated, but if the stack is "unwound" past
the point of the UNWIND-PROTECT for ANY REASON,
then the unwinder must cause the evaluation, in order,
of u1 through u<n> in the environment that obtains by first
unwinding to the stack point of the UNWIND-PROTECT; then the
unwinding may continue. If <e> terminates normally, then
the value will be that obtained from <e>, but the forms u1
through u<n> will be evaluated also. The intent is
that the operation of <e> will do some things that need to be
undone after sucessful completion, but which can not be undone
merely by lambda-binding (eg, closing an opened file). Thus any
aborting of the evaluation of <e> will not leave undesired states
hanging around. Before the u<n>'s are run, NOINTERRUPT is set to
T, so that asynchronous conditions cannot cause premature termination
of the handlers. It is restored to its previous value upon
completion of the u<n>'s. If a THROW is done, the user must reset
NOINTERRUPT to the value he wishes it to be! The UNWIND-PROTECT
frame is removed from the stack BEFORE the u<n>'s are run so that
they may freely do THROWS (et al.).
[4] SFA's (Software File Arrays) are implemented. As the documentation on
these are lengthy and is subject to change, please check the file
LISP;SFA > for the latest information.
[5] DISPLACE now treats atomic arguments differently.
Its definition is now like:
(DEFUN DISPLACE (X Y)
(AND (ATOM X) (ERROR '|-- not a list. (DISPLACE)| X))
(COND ((ATOM Y)
(RPLACA X 'PROGN)
(RPLACD X (NCONS Y)))
(T (RPLACA X (CAR Y))
(RPLACD X (CDR Y)))))
[6] Minor changes to treatment of bound-variable lists.
NIL is now ignored if used as a variable in bound-variable-lists.
PROGV with more variables than values will make the extras "unbound"
For example ((LAMBDA (A () B) (LIST A B)) '1 '2 '3) ==> (1 3)
All of "'1", "'2", "'3" are evaluated, but there is no binding to NIL.
And (PROGV '(A B C) '(1 2) (LIST A C)) will generate an UNBND-VRBL error.
A binding is actually provided for "C", but it is the internal
"UNBOUND" marker which the interpreter catches.
[7] OPEN now complains about illegal keywords in the modelist.
Thus, (OPEN '(FOO BAR) '(OUT MUMBLE)) will cause an error, of the
WRNG-TYPE-ARG variety.
[8] The null pname now prints as ||, rather than not printing at all.
GRINDEF has been changed to return an asterisk.
[9] Two new possible feature names have been added. SFA is in the feature list
if the LISP contains SFA's, and EXPERIMENTAL is in the feature list if the
LISP is considered experimental.
Changes affecting ITS LISPs:
[A] There is a planned move of autoloadable system files from COMMON; to LISP;.
Links will be left from COMMON; to LISP; for some period of time and then
those links will be flushed. All new autoloadable files will go on LISP;.
Please modify any programs that explicitly look on COMMON; for autoload
files to look on LISP;
[B] The value of PURE now defaults to 1. Since with the new UUOLINKS scheme,
uuolinks segments are added dynamically, there is only a minor loss of core
when PURE is non-NIL. It is still possible to set PURE to NIL before
FASLOADING any files thus not using any extra core at all.
[C] The arg given by LISP to the TTY-RETURN function is now meaningful.
If it is the atom IN, then LISP is hanging in one of the canonical input
waits. If the LISP was not in one of the input waits, then a value of
NIL is supplied as the argument.
Changes of interest to LISP internals hackers:
[{] There is now a way, using some LAP or MIDAS code, to handle IOC errors.
The user must put an instruction to XCT in IOCINS. If LISP does not
know about the PC of the IOC error (it currently does not know about
any IOC errors), then the user's instruction gets XCT'ed with the PC
of the error in AC R, and the error code in AC D. The user's routine
must not change any AC's other than R and D, though the stacks may be
used. If the XCT'ed instruction skips, the right half of R must have
been set up by the user to be the PC to dispatch to after leaving interrupt
level, and the left half of R to 400000+<adr in which LISP should
store the error code>.
Compiler changes:
[i] The name "QCOMPLR" replaced by "COMPLR"
The names "QCOMPLR", "QC", "NCOMPLR" and "N" (as well as all
the "old" versions like "OQCOMPL") have been superseded
by "COMPLR" and "CL" (and "OCOMPL" and "OC"). There will no
longer be provided support for oldio compilers.
[ii] COMPLR will now try to fully macro-expand any toplevel form.
Any form in a file that the compiler would normally just pass on
through to the FASL file will now be fully macro expanded, in that
a "pseudo-compilation" phase is done on it to expand macros.
[iii] More on COMPLR command line switch settings, and on error messages.
A review of the current command line switches, and their meanings:
letter | variable name | meaning
----------------------------------------------------------------------
A ASSEMBLE Source is to be assembled only (generally used
on a file of LAP code - see "K" switch below)
C CLOSED Generic arithmetic functions are not open-coded
D DISOWNED Run the compilation disowned
E EXPR-HASH Output the EXPR-HASH properties in the FASL
F FASL Compile and produce FASL file (normal mode)
G GAG-ERRBREAKS Don't go into break loop when finding bad data
K NOLAP Don't write a LAP file, or if "A" switch is on
kill the "LAP" file (which may be source file)
M MACROS Output MACRO defunitions to FASL file
O ARRAYOPEN Open-code the array-accessing (no error
checking in the open-coded variety)
S SPECIALS Treat all variables as if declared SPECIAL
T TTYNOTES Prompt notes and warning msgs go to TTY
U UNFASLCOMMENTS A file (second name UNFASL) of messages will be
produced; warnings, errors, comments, etc.
W MUZZLED Don't inform about failure to open-code generic
arithmetic functions
X MAPEX Open-code all MAP type functions
Z SYMBOLS Assembler symbol definitions go out to FASL
+ FIXSW All generic arithmetic is FIXNUM only.
$ FLOSW All generic arithmetic is FLONUM only.
In an initialized COMPLR, only the F, K, O, U, and V switches are "on",
and all others are "off". They may be set by explicit lisp code in which
a non-null value for the "variable-name" means "on", or by the appearance
of the "switch-letter" between parens in the command line.
More of an attempt is being made not to let error msgs clog up the TTY.
Warning msgs will be printed on the TTY only if TTYNOTES is non-null,
and error breaks on erroneous-looking input data will be run only if not
disowned and GAG-ERRBREAKS is null (default state of each variable is null)
Wednesday June 14,1978 FQ+1D.8H.19M.18S. LISP 1633 -HIC-
Changes that affect ITS NEWIO:
[A] SUSPEND's second arg is now meaningful on ITS
[B] CURSORPOS' returned value is now meaningful
[C] SACONS added to XTRSYMS for graphics hackers
[D] Fixnum has meaning as first arg to VALRET/SUSPEND
[E] (STATUS CLI) and (SSTATUS CLI) added to enable/disable CLI interrupts
Changes that affect all LISPs:
[1] PUSH, POP, and DISPLACE FEXPR's in interpreter
[2] SETPLIST returns its second arg
[3] (STATUS FASLOAD) returns the file-object of the file currently being loaded
[4] One final word on hairy defun
[5] New meaningful value of *PURE: SYMBOL (doesn't cons pure SY2)
Changes of interest to LISP internals hackers:
[!] Internals hackers take note: XPURIFY
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Changes that affect ITS NEWIO:
[A] SUSPEND's second arg is now meaningful on ITS. If the second argument to
SUSPEND is given, it is interpreted as a filename in which to pdump the
LISP. An indirect symbol-table pointer is dumped (thus saving disk space)
and the setting of (SSTATUS FLUSH x) is obeyed.
[B] CURSORPOS' returned value is now meaningful. If the value is T, then the
operation was sent to the terminal and had some affect (the appropriate
↑P code is sent, though ↑PC on a printing terminal does not actually
clear the 'screen'.). If the value is NIL, then the ↑P code was not sent
and therefore nothing was done. The current setting of the TTY is looked
at and a table internal to LISP is used to determine applicability.
[C] The symbol SACONShas been added to XTRSYMS for use by graphics hackers.
This change, along with the previous change in GETDDTSYM, obviates the
need for graphics users to load symbols.
[D] A fixnum as the first argument to VALRET/SUSPEND is interpreted as the
value to put in the right half of a .BREAK 16,.
[E] (STATUS CLI) and (SSTATUS CLI) have been added to enable/disable CLI
interrupts. Unlike before, CLI interrupts are defaultly OFF [(SSTATUS
CLI NIL)]. Therefore, people setting CLI-MESSAGE must do an (SSTATUS
CLI T) in order to actually recieve the interrupts.
Changes that affect all LISPs:
[1] PUSH, POP, and DISPLACE in interpreter:
FSUBR: (PUSH X L) ==> (SETQ L (CONS X L))
FSUBR: (POP L) ==> (PROG2 () (CAR L) (SETQ L (CDR L)))
FSUBR: (POP L X) ==> (PROG2 () (SETQ X (CAR L)) (SETQ L (CDR L)))
SUBR: (DISPLACE X Y) ==> (PROGN (RPLACA X (CAR Y)) (RPLACD X (CDR Y)) X)
[2] SETPLIST returns its second argument.
[3] (STATUS FASLOAD) returns the file-object of the file currently being
loaded.
[4] The one final word on hairy defun is that the first atom in a DEFUN is
ALWAYS interpreted as the function name. Therefore:
(DEFUN MACRO FEXPR ...)
defines a FEXPR called MACRO, and not vice-versa.
[5] New meaningful value of *PURE: SYMBOL. If *PURE contains SYMBOL then
everything EXCEPT symbols will be pure-consed. THis was added for
use in a new Macsyma loader, and may not be of general use.
Changes of interest to LISP internals hackers:
[!] Internals hackers take note: XPURIFY has been added as an alternaate entry
to the PURIFY routine. If you XPURIFY$G, then the LISP will expect itself
to be :PDUMP'ed to LISP;PURQIX nnnn instead of SYS;PURQIO nnnn. This is
usefull for creating experimental LISP versions.
THURSDAY MAY 25,1978 FM+3D.8H.53M.31S. NCOMPLR 769 -JONL-
Finally! A new QCOMPLR is out, which corrects many bugs noted during
the past year, and implements several new features.
[1] Many calls to CONS, LIST, NCONS, XCONS, etc are now coded as fast
JSP-type subroutine calls. These calls cannot be linked-up in
LISPs prior to version number 1493.
[2] The version number of the compiler is kept in the global variable
COMPLRVERNO; this used to be "INIT1". Recall that the FASLAP version
number is in FASLVERNO.
[3] There is no longer any NOARGS feature, nor ARGSP functional; if you
don't know what this means, don't worry about it.
[4] A list of all the compiler-command-line switches is kept in the global
variable SWITCHTABLE along with standard settings, which have been
changed to (FKOUV). This means that normal operation is to compile a
file, producing a FASL output and UNFASL comments file, but no LAP.
The "I" switch now permits specifying a file to be loaded just after
the normal compiler initialization routine is done
[5] Several standard macro definitions have been added, as well as a
macro expander for CASEQ. (See the LISP RECENT note of Jan 26, 1978,
for syntax of CASEQ. Also, see below.) The new macros are
PUSH, POP, LET, and DISPLACE.
[6] A new feature has been added for load-time evaluations (that is,
at fasload time), dubbed SQUID for "Self-QUoting Internal Datum".
The value of the symbol SQUID, in the compiler, is an atom specially
reserved for this purpose, which is used much like the atom QUOTE.
[7] Many old bugs have been fixed, probably too many to enumerate
individually; but we could mention specifically
[7a] (DEFUN (FOO MUMBLE) . . .)
(DEFUN (FOO GHAST) . . .) will now correctly define
these two pseudo functions.
[7b] CGOL files should compile ok now.
[7c] Error messages come out on the TTY if so requested.
[7d] The error signalled by "NO FREE REGACS" should go away.
[7e] Some cases of incorrect code output have been fixed.
[8] A top level call to LAP-A-LIST with a quoted argument is specially
recognized and treated as if it were a standard LAP call.
←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←←
[4] A list of all the compiler-command-line switches is kept in the global
variable SWITCHTABLE along with standard settings; The format is
((A ASSEMBLE NIL) ... (Z SYMBOLS NIL))
Each item in the list is a 3-list: a letter used as the switch request
in the command parser, a variable name used as the global variable
holding the value of the switch, and an initial setting. Only about
15. letters are currently in use, so the user could add to this table
if he would like to set up some switches of his own. SWITCHTABLE starts
out sorted alphabetically by switch-letter, and if you want to see a list
of all letters currently in use, do (MAPCAR 'CAR SWITCHTABLE). Note well,
that the INITIALIZE function resets the switches to their initial values.
The standard switch settings have been changed to (FKOUV), which
is to say that normal operation is to compile a file, producing
a FASL output and UNFASL comments file, but no LAP. Furthermore,
annotations to the TTY are not requested, and the V switch is in
cooperation with the recently announced non-feature, the dropping of a
certain evaluator anomaly destribed under (STATUS PUNT).
If the "I" switch is specified, it means "do a standard initialization
before compiling another file"; this is often helpful when several files
are being used as sources for the compiler. A problem arises however
because this initialization will remove MACRO properties, and other
properties put on symbols by DECLARE; thus if a user has a file with
all the necessary actions in it, he may specify that that file be
LOADed just after the initialization by placing the file namestring
between square brackets, just after the "I". E.g.,
FOO FASL←FOO >(TWI[usr;CMPSET >])
[5] Briefly, CASEQ looks like
a kind of cond, in which one item is evaluated, and the remaining
items are like COND clauses; the predicate test at each clause is
essentially MEMQ of evaluated item and list at first of clause.
The item must be either a SYMBOL or a (non-BIGNUM) number; the
various keys in the clause-lists must be then either all symbols,
or all fixnums, or all flonums. Two exceptions are added for
convenience: If a clause has an atom as its first element, then
it is interpreted as if it were a singleton list of that atom,
except that if such atom is the symbol T, then that clause
unconditionally succeeds. Example:
(CASEQ (COMPUTATE-VAL)
((3 5 7 11. 13. 17. 19.) 'PRIME)
(1 'UNITY)
((2 4 8 16.) 'TWO-POWER)
(T 'RANDOM))
The others expand as follows:
(PUSH X L) ==> (SETQ L (CONS X L))
(POP L) ==> (SETQ L (CDR L))
(POP L X) ==> (SETQ X (PROG2 NIL (CAR L) (SETQ L (CDR L))))
(LET ((V1 E1) (V2 E2) . . . (VN EN)) F1 F2 . . . FK)
==>
((LAMBDA (V1 V2 . . . VN)
F1 F2 . . . FK)
E1 E2 . . . EN)
DISPLACE is intended for use as a macro-displacing function;
thus if (DEFUN FOO MACRO (X) (MUMBLE X)) is a macro definition,
then (DEFUN FOO MACRO (X) (DISPLACE X (MUMBLE X))) will cause
the macro call to be displaced by its code after the first
expansion.
[6] SQUID Feature Test Module
(DECLARE (SETSYNTAX '/% 'MACRO '(LAMBDA () (LIST SQUID (READ))))
(SPECIAL FIRSTVAR SECONDVAR))
%(+ 1 2)
(SETQ FIRSTVAR %(+ 1 2))
'(A %(+ 1 2) B)
(SETQ SECONDVAR '(A %(+ 1 2) B))
(DEFUN MACFUN MACRO (FORM) %(+ 3 4))
(DEFUN TESTFUN () (LIST (MACFUN) %(+ 5 6) '(A %(+ 7 8))))
Notice how the read-macro gives the impression of designating a
subexpression, even of a quoted form, to be evaluated at load time.
Note also, how SQUID at top level acts like QUOTE.
Monday, May 15,1978 FQ+18H.41M.47S. LISP 1578 --GLS, HIC, JONL--
Changes that affect all LISP's:
[A] The result of (STATUS SYSTEM foo) contains SYMBOL if foo is a system symbol
[B] FLONUM's are allowed in the ALLOC function but not in the INIT file
[C] Changes to purification in general (**PURE SYSTEMS BUILDERS TAKE NOTE**)
[D] New version of the TRACE package
[E] GETDDTSYM checks LISP's built-in table before looking at the symbol table
[F] Two hooks into toplevel/break READ-EVAL-PRINT loop
[G] More information on the LENGTHF function (NEWIO only)
[H] CNAMEF: semi-new undocumented function now being documented
Changes that affect ITS LISP's:
[1] FLUSH status option allows removal of LISP's pure pages on a suspend
[2] Changes to UUOLINKS segments allows them to be extendable
[3] .XUNAME now used to find INIT file
An inquiry:
[!] Which is more useful: (STATUS SEGLOG) or (STATUS SEGSIZE)
Items of interest to LISP internals hackers:
[{] More symbolic definitions
[|] New SY.OTC bit in SY2
[}] Internal purification changes
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Changes affecting all LISP's:
[A] The result of (STATUS SYSTEM foo) contains SYMBOL if foo is a system
symbol. Previously, (STATUS SYSTEM 'LAMBDA) would return nil, and this
was clearly wrong. Therefore, in addition to anything else that was
previously returned by this STATUS function, SYMBOL will be returned for
all symbols in the initial system.
[B] FLONUM's are allowed in the ALLOC function but not in the INIT file.
Previously FLONUM's were allowed only as the last of the set of three args
for each space. The restriction of not allowing flonums in the INIT
file is that at the time the INIT file is read, no FLONUM consing is
allowed. If you do use FLONUM's in the INIT file comment, you will find
that the LISP will get a fatal error.
[C] Changes to purification in general (**PURE SYSTEMS BUILDERS TAKE NOTE**):
There have been several changes to the purification scheme that make it
more consistent, and apparently more correct. Previously, COPYSYMBOL would
return a pure symbol if *PURE was non-nil, now COPYSYMBOL always returns
an impure symbol. In earlier LISP's, all symbols consed while *PURE was
non-nil would go into pure space. This included things like GENSYM's.
Now, only INTERN'ed symbols (such as produced by READ) will be purified.
PURCOPY on a symbol now purifies as much of the symbol as possible, whereas
previously only the PNAME was purified. These changes, along with the
corresponding internal changes, seem to be effective in producing more
correct purification actions. For example, MACSYMA and NCOMPLR have been
observed to get smaller due to less garbage collectable stuff being consed
in pure space.
[D] A new version of the TRACE package has been installed. The fasl for old
Trace is Comlap;Trace Ofasl. In new Trace, there is a way to trace a
macro as if it were a function:
(Trace (Macr Macroval)) will give the same Entry print, but on Exit prints
the final result (after Eval) of the Macro-call. You can also trace the
old way with a regular Trace call without interfering with this
(misfeature?). Currently, Macroval doesn't do error-checking, so
(Trace (Cons Macroval)) will screw up.
[E] GETDDTSYM checks LISP's built-in table before looking at the symbol table.
This should allow people building systems that GETDDTSYM common symbols
to not have to load all the symbols into their DDT, and should also allow
Tops-10 GETDDTSYM to win in more cases.
[F] Two hooks into toplevel/break READ-EVAL-PRINT loop:
The two symbols READ-*-EVAL-PRINT and READ-EVAL-*-PRINT allow intercepting
the read-eval-print loop in the position indicated by the *. The symbols
should be bound to the name of the function to be invoked. Each is a
function of one argument, and the value returned is used in lieu of the
function's argument (which would normally be passed on to the next
function in the loop). The functions are run both at top level and at
break level.
[G] More information on the LENGTHF function (NEWIO only)
It has been brought to our attention that the description of the LENGTHF
function was lacking. The value returned by the LENGTHF function applied
to a file-object is the length in 'bytes' of the file. The byte size
is determined by the mode the file was opened in. For ASCII mode, the
byte size is 7, and for FIXNUM mode the byte size is 36. Therefore, for
FIXNUM files, the value returned is the size of the file in words, which is
5 times less then the size of the file in characters. Note that this value
is also the highest value that may be used as an argument to FILEPOS for an
input file.
[H] CNAMEF: semi-new undocumented function now being documented
(CNAMEF <closed-file-object> <filename>) replaces the filename in the
closed file-object by the filename specified in the second argument. This
is useful if the creation of extra file arrays is either not desirable or
possible.
Changes that affect ITS LISP's:
[1] The FLUSH status option allows removal of LISP's pure pages on a suspend.
If a (SSTATUS FLUSH T) is done before a SUSPEND, LISP will flush its pure
pages from its page map before returning to DDT. This saves about 28 pages
in a PDUMP'ed file. NOTE THAT USING THIS OPTION REMOVES SOME ROBUSTNESS
FROM YOUR SAVED SYSTEM!!!
[2] Internal changes to the UUOLINKS segments allow them to be extendable.
In older LISP's, the value of PURE was taken to be the number of pages to
be allocated to the UUOLINKS area. Now, the value of PURE is ignored and
as long as it is a FIXNUM, UUOLINKS are allocated segment by segment when
new segments are required. Note that UUOLINKS segments may now be added
even after a system has been purified thus allowing multi-level pure
systems to be built up.
[3] The XUNAME is now used to find the default INIT file. Formerly, the SNAME
was used, but this was inconsistent with the function of other programs.
Now, $$↑S will affect the place that files are defaultly read from, but
NOT from where INIT files are read from, whereas $↑S can be used to change
the source of INIT files, but not the default directory.
An inquiry:
[!] Which is more useful: (STATUS SEGLOG) or (STATUS SEGSIZE)?
Currently, (STATUS SEGLOG) returns the log base 2 of the segment size.
We postulate that the actual segment size is more useful, and therefore
are considering removing SEGLOG in favor of SEGSIZE. Are there any
opinions on this matter?
Items of interest to LISP internals hackers:
[{] More symbolic definitions have been introduced.
There are now symbolic definitions for the bits in the first word of an
SY2 block. To use '?' typeout mode use the prefix 'SY.'.
The ST (segment) table bits have also been defined under the prefix of
'ST.'.
[|] There is a new bit in the first word of SY2. The SY.OTC bit is set when
SY.CCN (compiled code needs me) is on and the referencer is other then a
CALL uuo (hence the name, Other Then Call, or OTC).
[}] In order to impliment the new purification scheme, there have been some
changes to the internal purification routines. The symbol conser (SYCONS)
has been split into two consers: SYCONS for impure symbols and PSYCONS
for pure symbols. Note that this is consistent with the other pure/impure
consers.
Thursday March 23,1978 FQ+7D.3H.39M.38S. LISP 1513 --HIC, GLS, JONL--
Changes that affect ITS NEWIO only:
[1] New SCROLL option for TTY's
[2] New STATUS option: OSPEED
[3] Change in CURSORPOSable terminal definition
[4] New symbols with AUTOLOAD property: CREATE-JOB, LEDIT
Changes that affect all NEWIO's:
[a] New function: LENGTHF
Changes that affect all LISP's:
[A] New functions: *READCH, *TYI, *READ
General announcement:
[!] TOPS-10 NEWIO is here!
Changes of interest only to LISP internals pathologists:
[@] DBGMSK now has %PIATY off
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Changes that affect ITS NEWIO only:
[1] There is now a new OPEN option for TTY's. If SCROLL mode is specified in
the option list, or if it has been set in the TTY status variable, LISP
will handle the scrolling correctly. Before this option, scrolling could
lose on MOREing. If the terminal is not in scroll mode, ITS will be
informed of the fact that scrolling is requested so that normal output will
cause the display to scroll.
[2] New STATUS option: OSPEED.
(STATUS OSPEED <TTY-file-object>) returns the speed in BAUD of the TTY
open on <TTY-file-object>. To obtain the speed of the controlling
terminal, (STATUS OSPEED TYO) may be used.
[3] There has been a slight change in the definition of a terminal to which
LISP will output ITS display (control-P) codes. If the %TOMVB (move
back) bit is set, LISP will treat the terminal as a display. Previously,
the %TOMVU (move up) bit was checked, and would cause misfunction on
GLASS TTY's. We are contemplating making LISP smarter about terminal
types so that the value returned from CURSORPOS (T for succesful operation,
NIL for failure) will actually reflect whether the operation was
performed on the terminal. Comments about the display handling scheme
are solicited.
[4] CREATE-JOB has autoload property of COM:HUMBLE FASL
LEDIT has autoload property of COM:LEDIT FASL
Changes that affect all NEWIO's:
[a] A new function has been added which returns the length of an input file.
(LENGTHF <input-file-object>) returns the length of the input file open
on <input-file-object>.
Changes that affect all LISP's:
[A] *READCH, *READ, *TYI are new functions added mainly for the benefit of the
compiler. They are SUBRs of zero arguments and function the same as
their counterparts (READCH, READ, TYI) with no arguments given.
General announcement:
[!] TOPS-10 NEWIO is now alive. It has been running on some DECsystem-20's
under the TOPS-10 simulator and has run fine on standalone TOPS-10's.
Unfourtunatly, it has not had widespread distribution. Any TOPS-10 site
interested in obtaining a copy of NEWIO should send a note to BUG-LISP
and we will try to accomodate you. We need it to be used in the field if
we are to have any hopes of making it solid.
Changes of interest only to LISP internals pathologists:
[@] Of interest to LISP internals pathologists is the fact that DBGMSK
now has the %PIATY bit off. If you are debugging a LISP in which the
program enables TTY-RETURN interrupts, you would lose badly. Now,
setting IMASK and .MASK to DBGMSK will turn off TTY-RETURN interrupts and
allow simpler debugging.
SUNDAY FEB 26,1978 FM+4D.3H.23M.22S. LISP 499 --HIC, GLS, JONL---
NOTICE:
AS THIS "LISP RECENT" COMES SHORTLY AFTER THE PREVIOUS "LISP RECENT", IT
WILL BE APPENDED TO THE FRONT OF RATHER THAN SUPERCEDING THE PREVIOUS ONE.
CHANGES THAT AFFECT ALL USERS:
[1] YOUR DEFAULT INIT FILE IS NOW AUTOMATICALLY READ BY LISP
[2] REMINDER: LSUBR CONS HAS BEEN REMOVED
CHANGES THAT AFFECT ITS NEWIO:
[A] ARGUMENT OF T TO DIRECTORY FUNTION IS NOW MEANINGFUL
----------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] WHEN LISP IS STARTED UP YOUR DEFAULT INIT FILE WILL BE READ IN
WITHOUT INTERVENTION. TO PREVENT READING IN THE INIT FILE, IT IS
NECESSARY TO GIVE A JCL CONTAINING ONLY SPACES SO:
:LISP
READS YOUR INIT FILE WHEREAS:
:LISP<SPACE>
DOES NOT. NOTE THAT A DIFFERENT INIT FILE MAY BE SPECIFIED IN THE JCL
AS BEFORE.
[2] LSUBR CONS, WHICH WAS ADDED A FEW RELEASES AGO, HAS BEEN REMOVED. IT
HAS ACTUALLY BEEN REMOVED FOR A WHILE, BUT IT IS BEING DOCUMENTED IN
LISP RECENT FOR THE FIRST TIME. AS THERE WERE SOME PROBLEMS WITH
THE NEW FORM OF CONS, AND THERE WAS NO COMPILER SUPPORT FOR IT, WE DECIDED
TO REMOVE THE NEW CONS UNTIL THINGS COULD BE BETTER WORKED OUT.
AN ANNOUNCEMENT WILL BE MADE WHEN LSUBR CONS RETURNS.
[A] AN ARGUMENT OF T TO THE DIRECTORY AND MAPDIRECTORY FUNCTIONS IS NOW
MEANINGFUL. A CALL IS OF THE FORM:
(DIRECTORY <NAMELIST> [<PROPS-TO-RETURN>])
IF PROPS-TO-RETURN IS OMITTED, THEN A SELECTED SUBSET OF THE
FILE PROPERTIES IS RETURNED. IF PROPS-TO-RETURN IS T, ALL OF THE
AVAILABLE PROPERTIES WILL BE RETURNED. IF PROPS-TO-RETURN IS NIL, NO
PROPERTIES ARE RETURNED. PROPS-TO-RETURN MAY BE A LIST IN WHICH CASE
IT EXPLICITLY STATES THE PROPERTIES TO BE RETURNED.
SUNDAY FEB 19,1978 FQ+4D.11H.48M.14S. LISP 493 -GLS, HIC, JONL-
IMPORTANT NOTIFICATION REGARDING UPCOMING CHANGE:
[!] IN THE NEXT VERSION OF LISP, INIT FILES WILL ALWAYS BE READ UPON STARTUP
CHANGES THAT AFFECT NEWIO ONLY:
[A] UREAD NOW RETURNS TRUENAME OF FILE RATHER THAN FILE NAME AS GIVEN
[B] THERE IS NOW AN AUTOLOAD PROPERTY ON THE INF-EDIT FUNCTION FOR LISPT USERS
[C] THERE IS NOW AN AUTOLOAD PROPERTY ON THE LAP-A-LIST FUNCTION
[D] FUNCTIONAL VARIABLES ARE NOW UNDER A STATUS/SSTATUS SWITCH
CHANGES THAT AFFECT ALL VERSIONS:
[1] EXP NOW ACCEPTS ARGUMENTS UP TO 88.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------
[!] IN THE NEXT RELEASE OF LISP YOUR DEFAULT INIT FILE (THE ONE YOU WOULD
GET IF YOU TYPED ↑Q TO ALLOC QUESTION) WILL DE LOADED WHEN LISP IS
STARTED FOR THE FIRST TIME. THE FILE THAT IS READ CAN BE MODIFIED
BY GIVING LISP A JCL LINE (AS ALWAYS). THERE WILL BE NO WAY, WITHIN
LISP, TO TURN THIS FEATURE OFF. WHAT THIS MEANS IS THAT LISP WILL NOW
HANDLE INIT FILES IN THE WAY THAT MOST OTHER SYSTEM PROGRAMS, SUCH AS
EMACS, HANDLE THEM.
[A] UREAD NOW RETURNS THE VALUE OF THE FUNCTION TRUENAME APPLIED TO THE
FILE OPENED BY UREAD. YOU CAN THEREFORE SEE EXACTLY WHAT FILE IS BEING
PROCESSED.
[B] THE INF-EDIT FUNCTION, WHICH IS THE WAY IN WHICH THE EDITING PACKAGE LISPT
IS INVOKED, NOW HAS A SYSTEM AUTOLOAD PROPERTY.
[C] THE FUNCTION LAP-A-LIST NOW HAS AN AUTOLOAD PROPERTY. LAP-A-LIST IS
A FUNCTION WHICH IS USED BY LAP AFTER IT BUILDS A LIST OF THE USERS
INPUT. IT IS FELT THAT USERS WANTING TO GENERATE LAP CODE VIA PROGRAMS
AND PASS IT TO LAP TO BE PROCESSED CAN MORE EASILY GENERATE A LIST OF
LAP EXPRESSIONS RATHER THAN PUTTING UP WITH THE FUNNY INTERFACE TO
LAP AS IS CURRENTLY REQUIRED. LAP-A-LIST TAKES AS ITS ARGUMENT A LIST
WHICH IS SIMPLY A LIST OF THE INDIVIDUAL LINES THAT WOULD NORMALLY BE
FED TO THE LAP PROGRAM.
[D] WE PLAN TO FLUSH FUNCTIONAL VARIABLES IN THE NEAR FUTURE. AS AN INTERIM
MEASURE, WHETHER OR NOT AN ATOM IN A FUNCTIONAL POSITION IS EVALUATED
IS DETERMINED BY THE SETTING OF THE 'PUNT' STATUS FLAG. WHEN (STATUS PUNT)
IS T, EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONAL VARIABLES WILL BE SKIPPED (PUNTED?).
THE FLAG IS DEFAULTLY T, AND SHOULD BE SET TO NIL BY THE USER IF UNDEFINED
FUNCTION OBJECT ERRORS ARISE IN PREVIOUSLY FUNCTIONING PROGRAMS.
NOTE THAT SINCE FUNCTIONAL VARIABLES ARE GOING TO BE FLUSHED ALL TOGETHER
AT SOME FUTURE DATE, IT IS BEST LEAVE THE FLAG ON IN ORDER TO INSURE THAT
YOUR PROGRAMS WILL FUNCTION CORRECTLY WHEN FUNCTIONAL VARIABLES ARE
COMPLETELY REMOVED.
[!] AS E↑88.0 IS INDEED REPRESENTABLE, IT HAS BEEN DECIDED TO EXTEND THE
LEGAL INPUT VALUES FOR THE EXP FUNCTION. NOTE THAT THE ACCURACY OF THIS
FUNCTION AT THE HIGHER VALUES MIGHT BE REDUCED.
THURSDAY JAN 26,1978 FM+2D.9H.23M.18S. LISP 472 -GLS, HIC, JONL-
THINGS WE WOULD LIKE TO KNOW:
[A] INPUT/OUTPUT BASES DEFAULTING TO DECIMAL
[B] FUNCTION CELLS
[C] ERROR HANDLING
[D] DOTS IN DOTTED PAIRS REQUIRING A SPACE ON BOTH SIDES
CHANGES THAT AFFECT ALL VERSIONS:
[1] NEW SYNTACTIC CONSTRUCT: CASEQ
[2] *RSET DEFAULT IS NOW T
[3] CONS IS NOW AN LSUBR (!)
[4] LIMITATION ON LENGTH OF VALRET STRINGS HAS BEEN REMOVED
CHANGES THAT AFFECT SAIL VERSION:
[!] VALRET WILL NOW DO A PTLOAD, TO LOAD ARGUMENT INTO LINE EDITOR
--------------------------------------------------------------------
PLEASE ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IF YOU FEEL THEY HAVE A
BEARING ON YOUR ACTIVTIES BY SENDING MAIL TO BUG-LISP:
[A] SHOULD THE DEFAULT BASE FOR INPUT AND OUTPUT BE DECIMAL?
IF SO, WHAT SHOULD BE USED FOR AN OCTAL 'POINT'?
[B] WE ARE CONSIDERING IMPLEMENTING 'FUNCTION CELLS'. THESE WOULD
HOLD THE FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF AN SYMBOL. THIS CHANGE WOULD
REMOVE THE ABILITY TO USE PUTPROP/DEFPROP/GET TO HACK FUNCTIONAL
PROPERTIES. SUGGESTIONS ARE SOLICITED.
[C] WE ARE ALSO CONSIDERING IMPROVING THE ERROR HANDLING FACILITIES
AND WOULD APPRECIATE INPUT ON THE TYPES OF THINGS THAT ARE
DESIRED.
[D] SHOULD THE DOT IN DOTTED PAIRS *REQUIRE* A SPACE ON EACH SIDE?
IF NO SPACE WAS PRESENT THE DOT WOULD BE CONSIDERED EITHER A
DECIMAL POINT OR PART OF A SYMBOL.
THE FOLLOWING APPLY TO ALL SYSTEMS:
[1] THERE IS A NEW TYPE OF CONDITIONAL NAMED 'CASEQ'.
(CASEQ <KEY>
(<KEY-SET> E1 E2 ... EN) ;CLAUSE 1
(<KEY-SET> E1 E2 ... EN) ;CLAUSE 2
...
(<KEY-SET> E1 E2 ... EN)) ;CLAUSE M
<KEY> MUST EVALUATE TO EITHER A SYMBOL OR A FIXNUM.
ALL OF THE KEYS IN THE KEY-SETS MUST BE OF THE SAME TYPE,
EITHER SYMBOL OR FIXNUM, AND <KEY> MUST BE OF THIS SAME TYPE
ALSO.
<KEY-SET> IS EITHER THE ATOM T, A RANDOM ATOM (SYMBOL OR FIXNUM),
OR A LIST OF ATOMS (SYMBOLS OR FIXNUMS). IF IT IS THE ATOM T,
THE EXPRESSIONS FOLLOWNG IT ARE EVALUATED UNCONDITIONALLY.
THIS SHOULD OCCUR ONLY IN THE LAST CLAUSE, IF AT ALL.
IF <KEY-SET> IS A SINGLE ATOM (OTHER THAN T), THEN IF IT MATCHES
<KEY> THE FOLLOWING EXPRESSIONS ARE EVALUATED. IF A LIST OF ATOMS
IS PRESENT, THEN EACH ATOM IS MATCHED AGAINST <KEY> AND THE
EXPRESSIONS ARE EVALUATED IF ANY ATOM MATCHES. THE ATOMS IN THE
<KEY-SET> ARE NEVER EVALUATED. "MATCHING" MEANS EQ FOR SYMBOLS
AND = FOR FIXNUMS.
THE VALUE OF CASEQ IS THE VALUE OF THE LAST EXPRESSION EVALUATED
IF A MATCH IS FOUND, ELSE NIL.
IT IS NOT USEFUL FOR A GIVEN KEY TO APPEAR MORE THAN ONCE AMONG
ALL THE KEY-SETS OF A SINGLE CASEQ. THE IDEA OF CASEQ IS TO
PROVIDE A DISPATCHING CONSTRUCT. A "T-CLAUSE" PROVIDES AN
"ELSE" CASE FOR WHEN NO EXPLICITLY GIVEN KEYS MATCH.
EVENTUALLY WE HOPE THAT CASEQ ON FIXNUMS, AT LEAST, WILL COMPILE
ESPECIALLY WELL, INTO A KIND OF FORTRAN-STYLE COMPUTED GOTO.
[2] THE DEFAULT VALUE OF *RSET IS NOW T.
[3] CONS IS NOW AN LSUBR.
(CONS A B C D) <==> (CONS A (CONS B (CONS C D)))
(CONS A) <==> A
IN OTHER WORDS, IT RIGHT-ASSOCIATES.
(CONS A B C D NIL) = (LIST A B C D), BUT ON THE LISP MACHINE
THEY MAY HAVE DIFFERENT CONNOTATIONS WITH RESPECT TO STORAGE
ALLOCATION.
[4] THE LIMITATION ON THE LENGTH OF VALRET STRINGS HAS BEEN REMOVED
FOR ALL PRACTICAL PURPOSES.
[!] IN SAIL VERSION, VALRETTING A STRING NOW LOADS THE STRING INTO
THE LINE EDITOR VIA PTLOAD.
FRIDAY JAN 13,1978 NM+4D.23H.1M.55S. LISP 383 -GLS, HIC-
[@] SOME CHANGES IN NOMENCLATURE FOR VARIOUS VERSIONS
[1] LAST MOST FINAL DOCUMENTATION OF THE HAIRY DEFUN FEATURE
[2] (STATUS JNUMBER) RETURNS A JOB NUMBER
[3] NEW EDIT COMMAND: YV FOO YANKS VALUE OF FOO
[A] FILEPOS CAN TAKE T AND NIL AS POSITION SPECIFIERS
[B] MEANINGS OF T AND NIL WHERE A FILE OBJECT IS REQUIRED
[C] NEW IO-LOSSAGE ERROR FOR AN INVALID VALUE OF MSGFILES
[D] SLIGHT INCOMPATIBILITY: UREAD AND UFILE NOW RETURN A FULL NAMELIST
[E] UAPPEND NO LONGER RENAMES THE FILE ON OPENING IT
[F] FOR THE RECORD, COMPLETE DEFINITIONS OF OLDIO IN TERMS OF NEWIO
[G] RENAMEF AND DELETEF OF A FILE OBJECT NOW CLOSE THE FILE OBJECT
[H] ALL ITS NEWIO I/O IS NOW DONE WITH SIOT
SOME FEATURES PRESENTLY IMPLEMENTED ONLY FOR THE SAIL VERSION:
[!] SAIL VERSION NOW USES TWO SEPARATE DISK FILES FOR SAVED LISPS
["] INITIALIZATION AUTOMATICALLY SAVES A HIGH SEGMENT
[#] FASLOAD CAN LOAD INTO THE HIGH SEGMENT
[$] HIGH-SEGMENT PURE FREE STORAGE
[%] SUSPEND NOW TAKES ONE OR TWO ARGUMENTS
SOME THINGS PROBABLY OF INTEREST ONLY TO LISP SYSTEM HACKERS:
[{] NEW INTERNAL ROUTINES %CONS, %HUNK, ETC. SOLVE A PDLNMK PROBLEM
[|] INIT≠G IS NOW INITIALIZE≠G, TO PREVENT CONFLICT WITH DEC-10 INIT UUO
[}] NEW MACROS PUSHN AND POPI ARE USED IN THE SOURCE
[}] THE FORMAT OF FILE OBJECTS HAS CHANGED SOME - REASSEMBLE CODE IF NECESSARY
----------------------------------------------------------------
[@] THERE ARE MANY, MANY VERSIONS OF MACLISP FLOATING AROUND.
EVEN JUST ON THE PDP-10, THERE ARE MANY BECAUSE OF THE
POSSIBILITIES OF CONDITIONAL ASSEMBLY. WORK IS PROCEEDING
APACE ON VERSIONS FOR THE TENEX AND TOPS-20 OPERATING SYSTEMS,
AND ON NEWIO VERSIONS FOR SAIL AND TOPS-10. HERE WE LAY OUT
SOME STANDARD NOMENCLATURE FOR THE VARIOUS VERSIONS.
THE VARIOUS NAMES FALL INTO SETS WHICH REPRESENT ORTHOGONAL
CHOICES.
OPERATING SYSTEM:
/ ITS
| / TOPS-10
| DEC-10 | SAIL
PDP-10 | \ CMU
| /
| DEC-20 | TENEX
\ \ TOPS-20 (AKA "TWENEX")
MULTICS
THE PDP-10 VERSION WILL EVENTUALLY RUN ON SIX DIFFERENT
OPERATING SYSTEMS. TOPS-10, SAIL, AND CMU ARE SUFFICIENTLY
SIMILAR TO WARRANT LUMPING THEM TOGETHER AS "DEC-10"; SIMILARLY
TENEX AND TOPS-20 ARE LUMPED TOGETHER AS "DEC-20".
MULTICS, OF COURSE, IS NOT A PDP-10 VERSION.
PROCESSOR:
KA10
KI10
KL10
THE KA10 VERSION WILL RUN ON ALL PROCESSORS; THE KI10 VERSION WILL
RUN ONLY ON KI10 AND KL10 PROCESSORS; AND THE KL10 ONLY ON KL10'S.
SO FAR WE HAVE BEEN GENERATING ONLY KA10 VERSIONS; WHEN THE NEW
NUMBER STUFF IS IMPLEMENTED, THIS CHOICE WILL BECOME MORE IMPORTANT.
I/O IMPLEMENTATION:
OLDIO (UREAD, UWRITE, ETC. *ONLY*)
NEWIO (MULTIPLE I/O CHANNELS; ALSO SUPPORTS UREAD)
MINIMALITY:
MINIMAL (FANCY FRILLS NOT INCLUDED)
USELESS (FANCY "USELESS" FRILLS ARE INCLUDED)
THE FRILLS INCLUDE THE GCD FUNCTION, PURIFY AND FRIENDS, AND LOTS
OF LITTLE I/O HACKS LIKE ROMAN NUMERALS AND PRINLEVEL/PRINLENGTH.
THE MINIMAL VERSION IS USUALLY USED ONLY FOR DEC-10 VERSIONS
WHICH MUST RUN ON MACHINES WITH LITTLE PHYSICAL MEMORY; HOWEVER,
IT IS AN OPTION INDEPENDENT OF OPERATING SYSTEM.
ARITHMETIC:
BIGNUMS
DOUBLE-PRECISION FLONUMS
COMPLEX NUMBERS
THESE THREE ARE INDEPENDENT CHOICES WHICH MAY BE PRESENT OR ABSENT.
THUS, TO IDENTIFY THE VERSION PRESENTLY RUNNING AT MIT-AI, WE
MIGHT SAY "THE ITS KA10 NEWIO USELESS BIGNUM VERSION".
[1] THE FOLLOWING ARE THE OFFICIAL SPECS FOR THE "HAIRY DEFUN"
FEATURE, WHEREIN THE NAME OF THE FUNCTION IS ACTUALLY
A LIST OF GOODIES. IF THE INTERPRETER OR COMPILER DOESN'T
ACTUALLY DO WHAT FOLLOWS, IT'S A BUG. (UP TO NOW WE HAVEN'T
BEEN ABLE TO DISTINGUISH BUGS AND MISFEATURES BECAUSE WE
WEREN'T SURE PRECISELY WHAT THE FEATURE SHOULD DO IN ALL CASES.)
THE GENERAL FORM OF A CALL TO DEFUN IS:
(DEFUN <SPEC> <FLAG> <ARGS> . <BODY>)
<SPEC> AND <FLAG> MAY BE INTERCHANGED.
<FLAG> MAY BE OMITTED, OR MAY BE "EXPR", "FEXPR", OR "MACRO".
<SPEC> MAY BE A SYMBOL (THE NAME OF THE FUNCTION), OR
A LIST OF TWO TO FOUR SYMBOLS (IN WHICH CASE THE FLAG "MACRO"
IS ILLEGAL). <ARGS> IS A NON-NIL SYMBOL OR A LIST OF SYMBOLS;
THE FORMER INDICATES AN LEXPR (INCOMPATIBLE WITH THE "MACRO"
AND "FEXPR" FLAGS).
IF THE VALUE OF THE SWITCH DEFUN IS T, THEN THE EXPR-HASH HACK
IS ENABLED. IN THIS CASE, DEFUN AVOIDS MAKING THE INTERPRETIVE
DEFINITION IF HASHING THE DEFINITION INDICATES THAT IT IS
THE SAME AS THE CURRENT, PRESUMABLY COMPILED, DEFINITION.
THE VARIOUS CASES ARE:
FORM OF <SPEC>:
FOO (FOO BAR) (FOO BAR BAZ) (FOO BAR BAZ QUUX)
EXPR-HASH PROPERTY IS ON THE ATOM:
FOO THE RESULT OF - NONE - FOO
(GET 'FOO 'BAR)
IF THIS IS A SYMBOL
EXPR-HASH PROPERTY INDICATOR IS:
EXPR-HASH EXPR-HASH - NONE - QUUX
DEFUN PUTS THE FUNCTION DEFINITION ON FOO UNDER THE PROPERTY:
EXPR/FEXPR/MACRO BAR BAR BAR
COMPILER PUTS THE FUNCTION DEFINITION ON FOO UNDER THE PROPERTY:
SUBR/FSUBR/LSUBR BAR * BAZ BAZ
* THE PROPERTY WILL BE A SYMBOL |FOO BAR| WHICH IN TURN
WILL HAVE THE APPROPRIATE SUBR/FSUBR/LSUBR PROPERTY.
[2] (STATUS JNUMBER) RETURNS THE NUMBER OF THE LISP JOB (AS DEFINED
BY THE HOST OPERATING SYSTEM).
[3] THE EDITOR COMMAND YV FOO IS THE SAME AS YP FOO VALUE ≠≠.
IT IS USEFUL FOR EDITING THE VALUE OF A SYMBOL.
[A] T AND NIL AS THE SECOND ARGUMENT TO FILEPOS HAVE SPECIAL
MEANINGS. T MEANS THE END OF THE FILE, AND NIL MEANS
THE ACTUAL BEGINNING OF THE FILE. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
NIL AND 0 IS THAT 0 MEANS THE LOGICAL BEGINNING OF THE FILE,
WHILE NIL MEANS THE PHYSICAL BEGINNING. THIS MAKES NO
DIFFERENCE IN ANY CURRENT IMPLEMENTATION, BUT WILL MAKE
A DIFFERENCE WHEN SAIL NEWIO EXISTS. FILEPOS WILL KNOW
ABOUT THE SAIL RECORD OFFSET FEATURE, AND NIL WILL MEAN
THE APPROPRIATE NEGATIVE RECORD NUMBER.
[B] THERE ARE THREE KINDS OF CONTEXTS IN WHICH A FILE OBJECT
CAN BE USED:
(1) AN INPUT FILE IS NEEDED, E.G. FOR READ AND TYI.
(2) AN OUTPUT FILE IS NEEDED, E.G. FOR PRINT AND TYO.
(3) EITHER DIRECTION IS ACCEPTABLE, E.G. FOR LINEL AND (STATUS TTYCONS).
IN THE PAST T HAS MEANT THE TTY (THE TERMINAL). UNFORTUNATELY,
THERE IS AN AMBIGUITY IN CONTEXT (3). TO ALLEVIATE THIS, WE
ARRANGED FOR THE VARIABLES TYI AND TYO TO CONTAIN THE FILES
USED FOR THE TTY (AS ALREADY DOCUMENTED), SO THAT THE USER
CAN REFER TO THESE VARIABLES IN CONTEXT (3). MOREOVER,
IN CONTEXTS (1) AND (2) T IS TAKEN TO MEAN "THE FILE IN
THE VARIABLE TYI OR TYO (RESPECTIVELY)".
A PREVIOUSLY UNDOCUMENTED FEATURE OF THIS IS THAT MSGFILES,
FOR EXAMPLE, CAN BE '(T) (WHICH IS IN FACT THE DEFAULT VALUE),
WHICH CAUSES MESSAGES TO GO TO WHATEVER FILE IS IN TYO.
IN THIS WAY ONE NEED NOT CHANGE MSGFILES JUST BECAUSE THE VALUE
OF TYO IS CHANGED.
WE NOW ALSO MAKE THE FURTHER EXTENSION THAT IN CONTEXT (2),
WHERE ↑W WOULD BE HEEDED IF A FILE ARGUMENT WERE OMITTED,
THAT SPECIFYING THE FILE EXPLICITLY (BY REFERRING TO THE VALUE
OF TYO) WILL NOT HEED ↑W, BUT SPECIFYING T WILL ALLOW ↑W TO
FORCE THE FILE IN TYO TO BE IGNORED. THIS, FOR EXAMPLE,
ALLOWS ↑W TO SUPPRESS MSGFILES ACTIVITY TO THE TTY AND WELL AS
ORDINARY ACTIVITY.
NIL AS A FILE MEANS DIFFERENT THINGS IN DIFFERENT CONTEXTS.
IN CONTEXTS (1) AND (2) IT MEANS THE SAME AS SPECIFYING
NO FILE ARGUMENT AT ALL, AND SO USES THE DEFAULT (INFILE FOR
CONTEXT (1), OUTFILES AND TYO AS CONTROLLED BY ↑R AND ↑W FOR
CONTEXT (2)). FOR CONTEXT (3) IT MEANS "SET A DEFAULT VALUE"
IF THAT IS APPROPRIATE (E.G. FOR LINEL), AND IS ILLEGAL IF NOT
APPROPRIATE.
[C] IF MSGFILES IS EVER FOUND TO HAVE A BAD VALUE, AND IO-LOSSAGE
ERROR OCCURS, SIMILAR TO THE FAIL-ACT ERRORS FOR BAD VALUES
OF BASE, IBASE, ETC. BEFORE THE ERROR OCCURS, MSGFILES IS
SET TO '(T).
[D] UREAD AND UFILE NOW HAVE AS THEIR VALUE A FULL NAMELIST, NOT
JUST THE SIMPLE FILE NAMES. THUS UREAD MIGHT RETURN
((DSK LOSER) FOO BAR) WHERE FORMERLY IT WOULD HAVE RETURNED
(FOO BAR).
[E] UAPPEND NO LONGER RENAMES THE OPENED FILE TO ".LISP. APPEND";
THE FILE RETAINS ITS OWN NAME. (THIS IS PRIMARILY BECAUSE
IT IS SO DIFFICULT TO RENAME AN OPEN FILE ON TOPS-10 - GRR!).
[F] HERE ARE THE OFFICIAL DEFINITIONS OF THE OLDIO FUNCTIONS
IN TERMS OF NEWIO FUNCTIONS:
(DEFUN UREAD FEXPR (FILENAME)
(UCLOSE)
((LAMBDA (FILE)
(EOFFN UREAD
(FUNCTION
(LAMBDA (EOFFILE EOFVAL)
(UCLOSE)
EOFVAL)))
(INPUSH (SETQ UREAD FILE))
(DEFAULTF FILE))
(OPEN (*UGREAT FILENAME) 'IN)))
(DEFUN UCLOSE FEXPR (X)
(COND (UREAD
((LAMBDA (OUREAD)
(AND (EQ OUREAD INFILE) (INPUSH -1))
(SETQ UREAD NIL)
(CLOSE OUREAD))
UREAD))
(T NIL)))
(DEFUN UWRITE FEXPR (DEVDIR)
(OR DEVDIR (SETQ DEVDIR (CAR (DEFAULTF NIL))))
(*UWRITE (CONS DEVDIR
(COND ((STATUS FEATURE DEC10)
(CONS (STATUS JNAME) '(OUT)))
((STATUS FEATURE DEC20)
'(MACLISP OUTPUT))
((STATUS FEATURE ITS)
'(.LISP. OUTPUT))))
'OUT
(LIST DEVDIR)))
(DEFUN UAPPEND FEXPR (FILENAME)
(SETQ FILENAME (*UGREAT FILENAME))
(*UWRITE FILENAME 'APPEND FILENAME))
(DEFUN *UWRITE (NAME MODE NEWDEFAULT) ;INTERNAL ROUTINE
(COND (UWRITE
(SETQ OUTFILES (DELQ UWRITE OUTFILES))
(CLOSE UWRITE)
(SETQ UWRITE NIL)))
((LAMBDA (FILE)
(SETQ OUTFILES
(CONS (SETQ UWRITE FILE)
OUTFILES))
(CAR (DEFAULTF NEWDEFAULT)))
(OPEN NAME MODE)))
(DEFUN UFILE FEXPR (SHORTNAME)
(COND ((NULL UWRITE)
(ERROR 'NO/ UWRITE/ FILE
(CONS 'UFILE SHORTNAME)
'IO-LOSSAGE))
(T (PROG2 NIL
(DEFAULTF (RENAMEF UWRITE (*UGREAT SHORTNAME)))
(SETQ OUTFILES (DELQ UWRITE OUTFILES))
(SETQ UWRITE NIL)
(OR OUTFILES (SETQ ↑R NIL))))))
(DEFUN *UGREAT (NAME) ;INTERNAL ROUTINE
(MERGEF NAME
(COND ((STATUS FEATURE DEC10) '(* . LSP))
((STATUS FEATURE DEC20) '(* MACLISP *))
((STATUS FEATURE ITS) '(* . >)))))
(DEFUN UPROBE FEXPR (FILENAME)
(SETQ FILENAME (MERGEF (*UGREAT FILENAME) NIL))
(PROBEF FILENAME))
(DEFUN UKILL FEXPR (FILENAME)
(DEFAULTF (DELETEF FILENAME))))
[G] FOR CONSISTENCY WITH TOPS-10 (SIGH), THE NEWIO FUNCTIONS
DELETEF AND RENAMEF WHEN APPLIED TO A FILE OBJECT WILL
ALSO CLOSE THE FILE OBJECT.
[H] IN CASE ANYONE CARES, ALL ITS NEWIO I/O TRANSACTIONS ARE
NOW DONE WITH SIOT, NOT WITH BLOCK IOT. THIS MAY AFFECT
INTERACTIONS WITH FILES WRITTEN BY PROGRAMS WHICH STILL
USE BLOCK IOT (E.G. ↑C PADDING AT ENDS OF FILES).
THE FOLLOWING FEATURES EXIST ONLY IN THE SAIL VERSION.
EVENTUALLY THEY WILL BE IMPLEMENTED IN ALL DEC-10 VERSIONS.
SOME OF THESE PROVIDE ABILITIES ANALOGOUS TO, BUT NOT
IDENTICAL WITH, FEATURES ALREADY PROVIDED ON ITS FOR HACKING
SHARABLE CODE AND DATA. SYSTEMS PROGRAMMERS SHOULD EXAMINE
THE FOLLOWING DESCRIPTIONS TO SEE HOW TO HANDLE THESE
FEATURES IN A MANNER COMPATIBLE WITH ALL VERSIONS.
AT THE END IS AN EXAMPLE OF HOW TO CREATE A SHARED SYSTEM
IN A WAY THAT WILL WORK IN ALL EXISTING PDP-10 VERSIONS.
[!] THE SAIL (SU-AI) TIME-SHARING SYSTEM ORDINARY SAVES
TWO-SEGMENT PROGRAMS AS A SINGLE FILE, UNLIKE TOPS-10,
WHICH USES TWO DISTINCT DISK FILES (ONE FOR EACH
SEGMENT). MACLISP NOW GOES TO SOME TROUBLE TO USE TWO
DISTINCT FILES ON SAIL ALSO. THE HIGH-SEGMENT FILE
NORMALLY HAS THE EXTENSION ".SHR". THIS IS USED TO
SUPPORT THE OTHER FEATURES BELOW.
["] WHEN A NEW MACLISP HAS BEEN ASSEMBLED, LOADED, AND
STARTED BY THE SU-AI MAINTAINER, IT WILL AUTOMATICALLY
TRY TO DUMP OUT THE HIGH SEGMENT AS A DISK FILE,
AND WILL PRINT A MESSAGE REGARDING SUCCESS OR FAILURE.
IT THEN LOADS THE LINE EDITOR WITH AN APPROPRIATE
SAVE COMMAND (NOT SSAVE, BECAUSE ONLY THE LOW SEGMENT
SHOULD BE SAVED) FOR THE USER TO APPROVE WITH "RETURN"
IF DESIRED. (IF THE MAINTAINER WANTS TO USE NON-STANDARD
FILE NAMES, HE CAN DEPOSIT THE NAMES IN LOCATIONS
SGADEV, SGANAM, SGAEXT, AND SGAPPN.)
[#] FASLOAD CAN NOW LOAD CODE INTO THE HIGH SEGMENT.
RECALL THAT IN THE ITS VERSION, THE VARIABLE "PURE"
CONTROLS THE LOADING OF PURIFIABLE (SHARABLE) CODE.
THE MEANING OF THIS VARIABLE HAS BEEN EXTENDED.
IF PURE IS A FIXNUM, THEN FASLOAD WILL SET UP FOR
THE UUOLINKS HACK. THE EXTENSION IS TWOFOLD:
(1) IF THE ABSOLUTE VALUE OF PURE IS LESS THAN 10,
IT IS MULTIPLIED BY 1024. (1K). (2) THE ABSOLUTE
VALUE OF THE RESULT IS AN ESTIMATE OF THE NUMBER
OF *WORDS* DESIRED FOR THE UUOLINKS HACK. THIS SHOULD
BE ABOUT 15% MORE THAN THE TOTAL NUMBER OF DIFFERENT
COMPILED FUNCTIONS TO BE LOADED. (STEP 1 IS FOR
COMPATIBILITY WITH THE OLD MEANING OF PURE, AS THE
NUMBER OF 1K BLOCKS TO RESERVE.)
IN THE ITS (AND DEC-20) VERSIONS, THE SIGN OF THE
FIXNUM IS IRRELEVANT. FOR SAIL (AND EVENTUALLY TOPS-10
AND CMU), THE SIGN CONTROLS WHICH SEGMENT TO LOAD INTO.
A POSITIVE VALUE LOADS INTO THE LOW SEGMENT, AS BEFORE.
A NEGATIVE VALUE CAUSES THE HIGH SEGMENT TO BE
DEPURIFIED (A WRITABLE COPY MADE) IF NECESSARY;
THE CODE IS THEN LOADED INTO THE HIGH SEGMENT.
ALSO, ONLY ONE OF THE UUOLINKS AREAS IS MADE IN THE
LOW SEGMENT; THE OTHER IS PUT IN THE HIGH SEGMENT.
(THUS THE HIGH-SEGMENT LOADING FEATURE IS TIED TO THE
UUOLINKS FEATURE - SORRY ABOUT THAT.)
[$] RECALL THAT *PURE CONTROLS WHETHER CERTAIN KINDS OF
S-EXPRESSIONS ARE TO BE AUTOMATICALLY PURCOPY'D.
FOR ITS (AND DEC-20) ALL THAT MATTERS IS WHETHER IT IS
NIL OR NON-NIL. FOR SAIL (AND EVENTUALLY TOPS-10 AND CMU),
IT MUST BE A FIXNUM TO CAUSE PURCOPY TO USE THE HIGH
SEGMENT. THIS IN TURN WORKS ONLY IF PURE IS A NEGATIVE
FIXNUM.
THE VALUE OF *PURE SHOULD BE AN ESTIMATE OF THE TOTAL
NUMBER OF WORDS OF PURE FREE STORAGE NEEDED, INCLUDING ALL
THAT LOADED BY PREVIOUS FILES AND ALL THAT INCLUDED IN
THE INITIAL LISP SYSTEM (PRESENTLY ABOUT 6000. WORDS).
THIS CAUSES FASLOAD TO PREALLOCATE ENOUGH ADDITIONAL ROOM
IN THE HIGH SEGMENT TO ACCOMODATE THE ESTIMATED TOTAL AMOUNT
OF PURE STORAGE. (THE PREALLOCATION IS NECESSARY BECAUSE
IT ISN'T POSSIBLE TO ALLOCATE LIST STORAGE IN THE HIGH
SEGMENT ONCE THE LOADING OF CODE HAS BEGUN.) MAKING THE
ESTIMATE IN *PURE TOO BIG MERELY WASTES SPACE IN THE
HIGH SEGMENT; MAKING IT TOO SMALL CAUSES PURCOPY TO MAKE
ITS COPIES IN THE LOW SEGMENT.
[%] ONCE CODE AND DATA HAS BEEN LOADED INTO THE HIGH SEGMENT,
ONE CAN USE SUSPEND TO REPURIFY AND DUMP IT. IF SUSPEND
IS GIVEN TWO ARGUMENTS, IT WILL TAKE THE SECOND AS A FILE
NAME, DUMP THE HIGH SEGMENT TO THAT FILE, AND EXPUNGE THE
HIGH SEGMENT. IT THEN RETURNS TO MONITOR LEVEL. (THE SAIL
VERSION ALSO LOADS THE FIRST ARGUMENT INTO THE LINE
EDITOR; THIS WILL NORMALLY BE A SAVE (NOT SSAVE) COMMAND.)
WHEN THE LOW SEGMENT IS SUBSEQUENTLY CONTINUED OR RUN
FROM THE SAVE FILE, IT WILL ATTACH TO A HIGH SEGMENT
MADE FROM THE SAVED HIGH-SEGMENT FILE. IN SO DOING IT
WILL ARRANGE TO SHARE THAT HIGH SEGMENT WITH OTHER LISPS
USING THAT SAME HIGH SEGMENT.
CHANGES OF INTEREST TO LISP SYSTEM HACKERS:
[{] THERE WAS A BUG WHICH OCCURRED BECAUSE CONS (AND HUNK) DID NOT
PDLNMK ITS ARGUMENTS. THIS WAS CONSIDERED OKAY BECAUSE NCOMPLR
KNOWS ABOUT THESE SPECIALLY, AND KNOWS THAT THEY MUST NOT BE
GIVEN UNSAFE ARGUMENTS. HOWEVER, IT WAS POSSIBLE TO USE FUNCALL
(OR SUBRCALL!) TO GIVE THEM UNSAFE ARGUMENTS. THE SOLUTION
WAS TO MAKE CONS AND HUNK ALWAYS PDLNMK, AND TO HAVE SPECIAL
ROUTINES %CONS, %NCONS, %XCONS, %HUNK3, AND %HUNK4, WHICH ARE
CALLED BY JSP T, AND WHICH NCOMPLR KNOWS ABOUT. THESE EXPECT
SAFE ARGUMENTS AND DO NOT PDLNMK.
[|] INIT≠G IS NOW INITIALIZE≠G, TO PREVENT CONFLICT WITH DEC-10 INIT UUO.
[}] THE MACRO PUSHN PDL,N PUSHES N WORDS OF ZEROS ONTO PDL. THIS WORKS
FOR ANY N; THE MACRO KNOWS ABOUT THE ROUTINES NPUSH, 0PUSH, AND
0.0PUSH AND GENERATES THE APPROPRIATE CALLS. THE MACRO IMPLICITLY
DESTROYS T.
THE MACRO POPI PDL,N POPS N WORDS FROM PDL BY SUBTRACTING AN
APPROPRIATE LITERAL. THE MACRO KNOWS ABOUT LOCATION R70.
[}] THE FORMAT OF FILE OBJECTS HAS BEEN CHANGED TO ACCOMODATE NEW INFORMATION.
SOME EXTRA RESERVED SLOTS HAVE BEEN CREATED FOR FUTURE EXPANSION.
IN PARTICULAR, NOTICE J.UIND (USER INDEX) FOR JOB ARRAYS, AND
FB.BVC (VALID CHARACTER COUNT) FOR FILE OBJECTS.
THURSDAY JUNE 09,1977 LQ+1D.1H.47M.35S. LISP 293 - GLS -
[1] EVALHOOK NEVER SEES THE ARRAY REFERENCE OF A STORE
[A] THE DEFAULT ##MORE## PROCESSOR NOW DOES (NOINTERRUPT NIL)
[B] CHANGES TO ALLFILES:
[B1] NAMESTRINGS ARE NOW ILLEGAL - USE NAMELISTS OR FILES
[B2] NEW OPTIONS: BITS, CHARACTERS, BYTES, BYTESIZE
----------------------------------------------------------------
[1] TO PREVENT A PECULIAR SCREW INVOLVING THE PARTICULARLY KLUDGY
IMPLEMENTATION OF STORE, THE EVALHOOK FUNCTION (IF ANY) WILL
NEVER SEE THE ARRAY REFERENCE ITSELF AS A HOOKED FORM. INSTEAD,
IT WILL SEE ONLY SUBFORMS OF THE ARRAY REFERENCE.
[A] MY FACE IS RED. TIME AND AGAIN I HAVE WARNED THAT ASYNCHRONOUS
INTERRUPTS ARE ALWAYS RUN BY THE SYSTEM IN (NOINTERRUPT T) MODE
TO PREVENT TIMING BUGS. IT IS UP TO THE INTERRUPT FUNCTION TO
RE-ENABLE INTERRUPTS BY SAYING (NOINTERRUPT NIL) IF DESIRED.
THE SYSTEM-SUPPLIED ##MORE## PROCESSOR NOW DOES (NOINTERRUPT NIL)
SO THAT IF YOU TYPE ↑G (QUIT) OR ANY OTHER INTERRUPT CHARACTER AT
IT THE INTERRUPT WILL GO THROUGH IMMEDIATELY.
[B] CHANGES TO THE ALLFILES PACKAGE, WHICH INCLUDES THE FUNCTIONS
ALLFILES, MAPALLFILES, DIRECTORY, AND MAPDIRECTORY:
[B1] TO PREVENT A REOCCURRENCE OF THE RECENT DISASTER IN
WHICH SOMEONE DID
(MAPALLFILES 'DELETEF '((DSK LOSER) * *))
AND DELETED 1/3 OF ALL OF MC'S FILES BEFORE IT WAS STOPPED,
ALLFILES AND RELATED FUNCTIONS WILL NOT ACCEPT NAMESTRINGS
ANY MORE. (RRECALL THAT THE FILESPEC ARGUMENT IS A
LIST OF FILESPECS; THE TRAP IS THAT ERRONEOUSLY FEEDING
IT A SINGLE NAMELIST WILL MAKE IT THINK IT IS GETTING A
LIST OF NAMESTRINGS.) NAMELISTS AND FILE OBJECTS ARE STILL
ACCEPTABLE. IF YOU REALLY WANT TO ALLOW NAMESTRINGS, YOU
CAN ALWAYS SAY
(ALLFILES (MAPCAR 'NAMELIST FOO) ...)
AND BE VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY CAREFUL!
[B2] NEW OPTIONS ACCEPTED BY THE DIRECTORY AND MAPDIRECTORY FUNCTIONS:
BITS THE NUMBER OF BITS IN THE FILE
BYTES THE NUMBER OF BYTES IN THE FILE
BYTESIZE THE SIZE OF THE BYTES
CHARACTERS THE NUMBER OF CHARACTERS IN THE FILE
(THIS IS AN OLD OPTION, BUT NOW IT
YIELDS THE CORRECT CHARACTER COUNT RATHER
THAN ROUNDING UP TO A MULTIPLE OF FIVE)
MONDAY MAY 16,1977 LQ+6D.8H.0M.26S. LISP 1272 - GLS -
I BELIEVE THAT I HAVE FINALLY KILLED THE GC BUG THAT WAS
CAUSING THE TOPS-10 IMPLEMENTATION TO GET MPV ON STARTUP.
NUMEROUS OTHER BUGS HAVE BEEN KILLED ALSO.
AS ALWAYS, NUMBERED ITEMS ARE FOR ALL LISPS, AND LETTERED
ONES FOR NEWIO ONLY. THE OTHERS ARE IN NON-STANDARD CATEGORIES.
[1] THE VALUE OF HUNKP CONTROLS PRINT, PURCOPY, AND EQUAL
[2] PURE HUNKS EXIST (PURCOPY WILL WIN ON HUNKS)
[3] NEW PREDICATE: SYMBOLP
[4] CHANGES TO RANDOM; ALSO ([S]STATUS RANDOM).
[5] WARNING ABOUT MOST NEGATIVE NUMBER (THE "SETZ" PROBLEM)
[6] +, +$, AND THE LIKE NEVER DETECT OVERFLOW OR UNDERFLOW
[7] FLONUM OUTPUT HAS BEEN IMPROVED
[8] SQRT HAS BEEN IMPROVED
[9] VALUE OF FASLOAD IS NOW THE FUNCTION PROPERTIES TO CHECK
[A] NEW FUNCTION: FILEP
[B] FOR INFERIOR JOB HACKERS: JOBS CAN HAVE "PROPERTY LISTS"
[C] ASCII MODE I/O TO AND FROM INFERIORS IS PRESENTLY BROKEN
[&] THE NEW FUNCTION LH| PERFORMS A COMPLETELY WEIRD CROCK FOR LH
[;] THE SEGMENT TABLE BITS $FXP AND $FLP HAVE BEEN CHANGED
----------------------------------------------------------------
[1] THE VARIABLE HUNKP (INITIALLY T), IF NIL, CAUSES THE FUNCTIONS
PRINT, EQUAL, AND PURCOPY TO TREAT HUNKS AS LISTS (AS MOST
OTHER SYSTEM FUNCTIONS DO). IF NON-NIL, THEN THESE THREE
FUNCTIONS WILL TREAT THE HUNNKS AS HUNKS; IN PARTICULAR,
EQUAL WILL COMPARE THE HUNKS ELEMENT-BY-ELEMENT.
[2] PURE HUNKS EXIST (PURCOPY WILL WIN ON HUNKS). THIS JUST FILLS
IN A TRIVIAL HOLE THAT I DIDN'T GET AROUND TO IMPLEMENTING
EARLIER. (STATUS PURSPCNAMES) WILL REFLECT THE PRESENCE
OF THIS FEATURE.
[3] (SYMBOLP X) IS NON-NIL IFF X IS AN ATOMIC SYMBOL.
THIS CATEGORY INCLUDES NIL; THAT IS, (SYMBOLP 'NIL) => T.
[4] THE RANDOM FUNCTION NOW HAS BETTER BEHAVIOR. THE TWO-ARGUMENT
FORM HAS BEEN ELIMINATED (WHICH USED TO INITIALIZE THE GENERATOR),
SINCE THE STATE CANNOT BE CONTAINED IN TWO FIXNUMS ANY MORE.
A NEW STATUS FUNCTION EXISTS FOR THIS PURPOSE.
(STATUS RANDOM) RETURNS A LIST WHICH SUMMARIZES THE STATE
OF THE RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR. NO GUARANTEES ARE MADE AS TO
ITS FORMAT, EXCEPT THAT IT MAY BE FED AS AN ARGUMENT X TO
(SSTATUS RANDOM X), WHICH WILL RESTORE THE GENERATOR TO THAT
FROZEN STATE. (SSTATUS RANDOM N) FOR ANY FIXNUM N IS ALSO
PERMISSIBLE; THIS WILL INITIALIZE THE GENERATOR IN A WAY THAT
DEPENDS IN AN UNSPECIFIED WAY ON N. (THIS IS SO THAT PEOPLE
CAN DO, FOR EXAMPLE, (SSTATUS RANDOM (TIME)) OR SOMETHING.)
[5] THE PDP-10 HARDWARE (BOTH KA10 AND KL10) HAS A WEIRD GLITCH TO
THE EFFECT THAT IT FAILS TO DIVIDE THE MOST NEGATIVE FIXNUM
(-400000000000) BY 1 CORRECTLY, EVEN THOUGH THE RESULTS ARE
WELL-DEFINED AND REPRESENTABLE. THE GENERIC FUNCTIONS
(QUOTIENT, *QUO, REMAINDER) HAVE BEEN FIXED TO COMPENSATE FOR
THIS PROBLEM; THEY ARE CONCEPTUALLY "GUARANTEED" TO RETURN
CORRECT ANSWERS INDEPENDENT OF SUCH HARDWARE LOSSES. HOWEVER,
THERE IS NO EFFECTIVE WAY TO FIX THE FIXNUM-ONLY FUNCTIONS
(//, \); SUCH FUNCTIONS ARE PERMITTED TO HAVE THE CHARACTERISTICS
IMPOSED BY THE HOST HARDWARE (THUS ON MULTICS // MAY HAVE
OTHER PECULIARITIES, FOR ALL I KNOW). THIS IS BECAUSE THESE
FUNCTIONS ARE INTENDED TO BE OPEN-CODED AS SINGLE HOST HARDWARE
INSTRUCTIONS. BEWARE!
[6] THE FIXNUM- AND FLONUM-ONLY ARITHMETIC FUNCTIONS ARE NOW
*DEFINED* TO DO "WHAT THE HARDWARE DOES". THE INTERPRETED
VERSIONS USED TO DETECT OVERFLOW AND UNDERFLOW, BUT NO MORE.
THUS YOU CAN USE + TO COMPUTE STRANGE CHECKSUMS, ETC.
IN ANY CASE, COMPILED AND INTERPRETED CODE SHOULD BE COMPATIBLE
WITH RESPECT TO THESE FUNCTIONS. ANY PECULIAR SCREWS IN THE
HARDWARE ARE NOT COMPENSATED FOR (SEE [5] ABOVE). THE GENERIC
ARITHMETIC FUNCTIONS ARE "GUARANTEED" TO BEHAVE "MATHEMATICALLY"
AND TO COMPENSATE AS NECESSARY FOR SUCH SCREWS.
[7] AN IMPROVED FLONUM PRINT ALGORITHM HAS BEEN INSTALLED.
I (GLS) HAVE "PROVED" THAT IT HAS THESE PROPERTIES:
(1) IT OUTPUTS ENOUGH DIGITS THAT NO INFORMATION IS LOST
(A PERFECT READER, WHICH I DO NOT YET CLAIM LISP HAS,
CAN ALWAYS RECOVER THE ORIGINAL FLONUM BY ROUNDING).
(2) IT OUTPUTS NO MORE DIGITS THAN NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE (1).
(3) IT OUTPUTS THE BEST POSSIBLE DECIMAL FLONUM OF THE
NUMBER OF DIGITS IN (2).
[8] THANKS TO AN ALGORITHM FROM KAHAN AND HELP FROM RJF (FATEMAN),
THE SQRT ROUTINE HAS BEEN IMPROVED. IT IS CONSIDERABLY FASTER.
[9] THE VALUE OF FASLOAD IS NOW THE LIST OF PROPERTIES FASLOAD SHOULD
CHECK FOR TO DECIDE WHETHER TO PRINT A WARNING MESSAGE. ITS
INITIAL VALUE IS (SUBR FSUBR LSUBR), AND SO WILL HAVE THE SAME EFFECT
AS BEFORE, WHEN THE INITIAL VALUE WAS T. ALSO AS BEFORE, SETTING FASLOAD
TO NIL WILL SUPPRESS ALL SUCH ERROR MESSAGES. ONE CAN BE VERY PARANOID,
FOR EXAMPLE, AND SET IT TO (EXPR SUBR LSRUB FEXPR FSUBR ARRAY MACRO).
[A] THE PREDICATE FILEP RETURNS T IFF ITS ARGUMENT IS A FILE OBJECT.
IT WILL RETURN T EVEN IF IT IS A CLOSED FILE; TO DETECT AN OPEN
FILE, USE (AND (FILEP X) (STATUS FILEMODE X)).
[B] INFERIOR JOB OBJECTS NOW HAVE AN EXTRA SLOT J.CRUFT
WHICH IS GC-PROTECTED. SEE SYS:.FASL DEFS FOR THE
JOB OBJECT DEFINITIONS. BY CONVENTION, THIS NEW SLOT
IS USED TO HOLD A PROPERTY LIST FOR VARIOUS DATA ABOUT
THE JOB.
[C] BECAUSE OF AN ITS DEFICIENCY, THE NEW CODE THAT ALLOWS FILEPOS
TO WORK ON OUTPUT FILES AND SIOT TO BE USED FOR ALL ASCII I/O
DOESN'T WORK ON THE USR DEVICE (INFERIOR JOBS). THE BASIC
PROBLEM IS THAT SIOT DOESN'T WORK ON THE USR DEVICE IN ITS.
ONE CONSEQUENCE IS THAT LISPT WILL NOT WORK ON ITS 1051 AND ABOVE
(FOR WHICH THE NEW SIOT I/O CODE WILL BE PROVIDED IN LISP).
[&] THE FUNCTION LH| IS A HACK FOR THE BENEFIT OF THIRD-FLOOR
HACKERS. IT NORMALLY EXISTS ONLY IN THE ITS VERSION.
THIS FEATURE IS ONLY SEMI-OFFICIAL, AND I WON'T GUARANTEE
IT TO WORK FOR ANYONE BUT LH AND FRIENDS.
(LH| <SIZE> <SPACE>) ALLOCATES A CHUNK OF MEMORY <SIZE>
WORDS BIG OF DATA TYPE <SPACE>. (ACTUALLY, <SIZE> IS
ROUNDED UP TO BE AN INTEGRAL NUMBER OF PAGES.)
THE RETURNED VALUE IS A FIXNUM WHICH IS THE ADDRESS OF
THE FIRST WORD OF THE CHUNK OF MEMORY. IF ZERO IS RETURNED,
IT WAS NOT POSSIBLE TO OBTAIN THE MEMORY. (THIS SHOULD
BE FAMILIAR TO GETCOR HACKERS!) ONE SHOULD **NOT** USE
(DECLARE (FIXNUM (LH/|))); IT IS NOT A NUMBER FUNCTION
JUST BECAUSE IT RETURNS A FIXNUM! NOTICE THAT ONE MUST USE
A "/" TO GET THE "|" IN THE NAME OF THE FUNCTION.
THE CHUNK OF MEMORY WILL BE MADE TO HAVE THE DATA TYPE
INDICATED BY <SPACE>; ONE CAN ALLOCATE THE MEMORY AT WILL
AND CREATE POINTERS INTO IT. GC WILL MARK FROM ALL WORDS
IN THE SPACE IF <SPACE> IS LIST, BIGNUM, OR ANY KIND OF HUNK.
HOWEVER, THE DATA IN THE MEMORY ITSELF IS NOT MARKED OR SWEPT.
NO GUARANTEES ARE MADE IF <SPACE> IS "SYMBOL" OR "ARRAY";
ALL OTHER DATA TYPES SHOULD WORK, HOWEVER.
[;] FOR ANY .FASL CODE HACKERS WHO MAY CARE: THE BITS $FXP AND
$FLP IN SEGMENT TABLE ENRTIES HAVE DISAPPEARED. THE BIT
THAT USED TO BE $FXP IS NOW CALLED $PDLNM, AND $FLP IS NO
LONGER USED. PDL NUMBER SEGMENTS NOW HAVE FX+$PDLNM OR
FL+$PDLNM SET INSTEAD OF $FXP OR $FLP. (THIS IS TO ALLOW
INTRODUCTION OF OTHER NUMBER PDLS IN THE FUTURE IF DESIRED.)
THIS CHANGE IS UPWARD-COMPATIBLE FOR COMPILED CODE WHICH
OPEN-CODES TYPE TESTS; EVENTUALLY THE COMPILER WILL BE
CHANGED TO REFLECT THE NEW BITS.
THURSDAY MARCH 03,1977 FQ+6D.12H.27M.23S. LISP 1258 - GLS -
WELL, WE ARE WORKING AWAY ON THE NEW LISP MANUAL!
ELLEN IS DOING MOST OF THE WORK, WITH OTHERS PITCHING
IN WRITING NEW TEXT (THE CONFLICTS BETWEEN WHICH ELLEN
GETS TO RESOLVE). CURRENTLY CHAPTERS 3 AND 4 ARE IN
PROGRESS.
THE FILES ".INFO.;OLDIO ORDER" AND ".INFO.;NEWIO ORDER"
CONTAIN A SUMMARY OF THE FUNCTIONS AND VARIABLES AVAILABLE
IN LISP. I WILL TRY TO KEEP THESE UP-TO-DATE (THEY ARE
MECHANICALLY GENERATED).
THE FOLLOWING NAMING SCHEME TAKES EFFECT ON ITS AS OF THIS VERSION.
-> MEANS "IS LINKED TO" (DISK-TYPE FILE NAME LINKS).
L -> LISP -> NEWIO
Q -> NEWIO -> SYS:PURQIO >
O -> OLDIO -> SYS:PURBIB >
OL -> OLISP -> ONEWIO
OQ -> ONEWIO -> SYS:PURQIO NNN (FOR SOME NNN)
OO -> OOLDIO -> SYS:PURBIB NNN (FOR SOME NNN)
OOL -> OOLISP -> OONEWIO
OOQ -> OONEWIO -> SYS:PURQIO <
OOO -> OOOLDIO -> SYS:PURBIB <
THAT IS, L↑K AND LISP↑K NOW ALWAYS GET YOU A NEWIO.
SO DO Q↑K AND NEWIO↑K. TO GET AN OLDIO, USE O↑K OR OLDIO↑K.
THE "O" AND "OO" VERSIONS GET OLD AND VERY OLD VERSIONS.
THIS WAS ALREADY IN EFFECT ON AI, BUT IS NOW ON ALL ITS
MACHINES.
MANY BUGS HAVE BEEN FIXED IN THIS VERSION, INCLUDING
THE ONE ABOUT GC-OVERFLOW (I HOPE!). MANY NEW FEATURES
AS FOLLOWS. AS ALWAYS, NUMBERED ITEMS ARE FOR ALL LISPS,
AND LETTERED ITEMS FOR NEWIO ONLY.
[1] NEW FUNCTION: QUIT (COMPATIBLE WITH MULTICS VERSION)
[2] CHANGES TO GC-RELATED USER INTERRUPTS:
[2A] GC-OVERFLOW WORKS BETTER - CAN GET SEVERAL PER GC
[2B] GC-DAEMON GETS MORE INFORMATION NOWADAYS
[3] CHANGES TO STATUS FUNCTIONS:
[3A] (STATUS PURSPCNAMES) YIELDS NAMES OF ALL PURE SPACES
[3B] (STATUS HACTRN) YIELDS T FOR UNKNOWN SUPERIOR
[3C] (STATUS XJNAME) HAS BEEN RENAMED (STATUS SUBSYSTEM)
[3D] (STATUS XUNAME) HAS BEEN RENAMED (STATUS USERID)
[3E] (STATUS FEATURE TOPS-10) IS BEST WAY TO CHECK FOR TOPS-10
[3F] WE ARE PHASING OUT (STATUS TERPRI) - USE TERPRI VARIABLE
[A] FILEPOS WORKS ON OUTPUT FILES - ALL ITS I/O USES SIOT NOW
[B] INCLUDE PROVIDES AN EOFFN TO MAKE EOF TRANSPARENT
[C] AUTOLOAD NOW USES LOAD INSTEAD OF FASLOAD (LIKE MULTICS)
[D] DELETEF OF AN OPEN FILE NOW USES DELEWO (IT USED TO JUST LOSE)
[E] THE RENAME FUNCTION HAS BEEN RENAMED TO RENAMEF
[F] (STATUS TTYREAD) IS NOW IN THE READTABLE AGAIN IN NEWIO
[G] NUMERIC (STATUS TTYINT) VALUES CAN NOW FILTER ALL SUPRA-ASCII BITS
----------------------------------------------------------------
[1] (QUIT), AS ON MULTICS, CAUSES THE LISP JOB TO COMMIT SUICIDE.
(IT DOES NOT PRODUCE A ↑G OR ↑X QUIT - FOR THOSE, USE THE
↑G FUNCTION OR (ERROR 'QUIT)!)
QUIT IS ACTUALLY AN LSUBR OF 0 TO 1 ARGUMENTS. POSSIBLE
VALUES FOR THE ARGUMENT:
NIL SAME AS NO ARGUMENT - DO A NORMAL QUIT
T QUIT AS NOISELESSLY AS POSSIBLE (DON'T PRINT :KILL, ETC.)
ERROR ERROR QUIT. FLUSH TYPEAHEAD, AND GENERALLY CLEAN UP.
<N> A FIXNUM ARGUMENT IS MACHINE-DEPENDENT. ON ITS, IT IS
FED AS THE EFFECTIVE ADDRESS FOR .BREAK 16,.
[2] CHANGES TO GC-RELATED USER INTERRUPTS:
[2A] IT USED TO BE THAT IF SEVERAL SPACES GOT A GC-OVERFLOW
CONDITION DURING A SINGLE GC, ONLY ONE INTERRUPT WOULD
BE SIGNALED. NOW ALL OF THEM SHOULD BE SIGNALLED, AS
SEPARATE INTERRUPTS.
[2B] THE ARGUMENT RECEIVED BY GC-DAEMON HAS BEEN CHANGED
IN AN INCOMPATIBLE MANNER. THE OLD FORMAT WAS:
( (<SPACE> <FREE-BEFORE> . <FREE-AFTER>) ...)
THE NEW FORMAT IS:
( (<SPACE-NAME> <FREE-BEFORE> <FREE-AFTER>
<SIZE-BEFORE> <SIZE-AFTER>)
...)
THE TWO NEW QUANTITIES ARE THE SIZE OF THE SPACE AT
THE BEGINNING AND END OF THE GC. THE DIFFERENCE OF
THESE TWO QUANTITIES GIVES THE AMOUNT OF SPACE
ADDED DURING THE GC, WHILE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
<SIZE-BEFORE> AND THE <SIZE-AFTER> FROM THE PREVIOUS
GC GIVES THE AMOUNT ADDED BETWEEN GC'S. NOTE ALSO
THAT THE NEW FORMAT DOESN'T HAVE THAT CRETINOUS
DOTTED PAIR, SO LATER MORE INFORMATION CAN BE ADDED
COMPATIBLY.
[3] CHANGES TO STATUS FUNCTIONS:
[3A] (STATUS PURSPCNAMES) YIELDS NAMES OF ALL PURE SPACES.
PRESENTLY THIS IS (LIST FIXNUM FLONUM BIGNUM),
BUT IN CASE THIS EVER CHANGES, THIS STATUS CALL IS
THE RIGHT WAY TO FIND THEM ALL. RECALL THAT
(STATUS SPCNAMES) GIVES THE NAMES OF NON-PURE SPACES.
[3B] (STATUS HACTRN) YIELDS T FOR UNKNOWN SUPERIOR.
AS BEFORE, IT CAN ALSO YIELD "DDT" FOR A DDT SUPERIOR,
"LISP" FOR A LISP SUPERIOR (THIS IS DETERMINED BY
BITS IN THE .OPTION USER VARIABLE), OR NIL FOR NO
SUPERIOR.
[3C] (STATUS XJNAME) HAS BEEN RENAMED (STATUS SUBSYSTEM).
EVENTUALLY THIS WILL BE MADE MEANINGFUL ON TOPS-10
AND MULTICS IMPLEMENTATIONS. THE INTENDED INTERPRETATION
IS "THE GENERIC NAME OF THIS PROGRAM".
(STATUS JNAME) IS TO BE INTERPRETED AS "THE UNIQUE
IDENTIFIER OF THIS JOB WITHIN THE TIME-SHARING SYSTEM".
[3D] (STATUS XUNAME) HAS BEEN RENAMED (STATUS USERID).
EVENTUALLY THIS WILL BE MADE MEANINGFUL ON TOPS-10
AND MULTICS IMPLEMENTATIONS. THE INTENDED INTERPRETATION
IS "THE GENERIC NAME OF THIS USER (E.G. "FRED").
(STATUS UNAME) IS TO BE INTERPRETED AS "THE UNIQUE
IDENTIFIER OF THIS LOGGED-IN INSTANCE OF THE USER
WITHIN THE TIME-SHARING SYSTEM".
[3E] (STATUS FEATURE TOPS-10) IS BEST WAY TO CHECK FOR
RUNNING UNDER A REAL TOPS-10 SYSTEM. WE MAY PHASE OUT
(STATUS FEATURE DEC10), OR LET IT MEAN ANY TOPS-10-LIKE
SYSTEM, SUCH AS SAIL. WE ALSO ANTICIPATE HAVING TO
INTRODUCE (STATUS FEATURE TOPS-20) SOMEDAY.
[3F] WE ARE PHASING OUT (STATUS TERPRI). PLEASE ELIMINATE
FROM YOUR PROGRAMS IF POSSIBLE. IN NEWIO YOU CAN SET
THE LINEL OF A FILE TO 0 INSTEAD, OR YOU CAN BIND
THE TERPRI VARIABLE.
[A] FILEPOS NOW WORKS ON OUTPUT FILES, THANKS TO IMPROVEMENTS
TO ITS. THIS ONLY WORKS IN ITS VERSION 1048 OR GREATER,
AND SO WILL NOT APPEAR ON A GIVEN MACHINE UNTIL A VERSION
OF ITS APPEARS WHICH CAN SUPPORT THE FEATURE.
AS A COROLLARY, ALL LISP BUFFERED I/O IS DONE WITH SIOT.
IN THIS WAY EXACT CHARACTER COUNTS ARE USED, ELIMINATING
THE TRAILING CONTROL-C PROBLEM.
[B] INCLUDE PROVIDES AN EOFFN TO MAKE EOF TRANSPARENT.
WHEN READING OFF THE END OF AN INCLUDED FILE, NO EOF
SHOULD BE DETECTED (UNLESS READ WAS IN THE MIDDLE OF AN
OBJECT, WHICH CAUSES A FAIL-ACT); READING SHOULD JUST
CONTINUE IN THE FILE POPPED OFF THE INSTACK. THIS MEANS
THAT AN INCLUDED FILE IS JUST LIKE STICKING THE INCLUDED
FILE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE INCLUDING I/O STREAM.
[C] AUTOLOAD NOW USES LOAD INSTEAD OF FASLOAD (LIKE MULTICS).
[D] DELETEF OF AN OPEN FILE NOW USES DELEWO (IT USED TO JUST LOSE).
THIS TOO DEPENDS ON ITS VERSION 1048 OR GREATER.
[E] THE RENAME FUNCTION HAS BEEN RENAMED TO RENAMEF.
THIS IS FOR COMPATIBILITY WITH DELETEF, MERGEF, PROBEF, ETC.,
AND TO AVOID USING UP A GOOD WORD.
[F] (STATUS TTYREAD) IS NOW IN THE READTABLE AGAIN IN NEWIO.
THIS IS COMPATIBLE WITH OLDIO, AND ALSO MAKES MORE SENSE
SINCE IT IS RELATED TO THE FORCE-FEED BITS WHICH ARE ALSO
IN THE READTABLE. SINCE IT NEVER WORKED BEFORE IN NEWIO
ANYWAY, THIS SHOULD NOT BREAK ANY PROGRAMS!
[G] RECALL THE FORMER OBSCURE FEATURE THAT IF AN "INTERRUPT
FUNCTION" FOR THE KEYBOARD SET VIA (SSTATUS TTYINT) IS A
FIXNUM, THEN IT SPECIFIES THE DEFAULT LISP ACTION FOR
AN INTERRUPT CHARACTER OF THAT ASCII VALUE; AND THAT FURTHERMORE
SUPRA-ASCII BITS COULD BE USED TO FILTER THE CONTROL AND
META BITS, NAMELY 400 REQUIRED THE META BIT TO BE PRESENT
FOR THE ACTION TO OCCUR, AND 400←22 FORBADE THE PRESENCE
OF THE META BIT, AND SIMILARLY FOR 200 AND THE CONTROL BIT.
THIS HAS BEEN EXTENDED TO THE TOP BIT (4000), THE SHIFT-LOCK
BIT (2000), AND THE SHIFT BIT (1000). IF YOU REALLY WANT
TO HACK AROUND WITH 12-BIT KEYBOARD INPUT, THIS IS YOUR
CUP OF T.
THURSDAY JAN 06,1977 FM+1D.23H.52M.11S. LISP 1252 - GLS -
WELL, FOLKS, JONL HAS GONE TO IBM FOR SEVERAL MOONS, AND I AM WORKING
ON MY THESIS THIS SEMESTER (DUE IN MAY), SO DON'T EXPECT TO GET
NEW FEATURES IMPLEMENTED WITH BLINDING SPEED. I WILL DO MY BEST TO
FIX ANY BUGS THAT CROP UP (IN PARTICULAR, I BELIEVE I HAVE FIXED
THE NEFARIOUS FASLOAD BUG OF VERSION 1251). MOST OF THE ITEMS
BELOW ARE NOT BRAND NEW, BUT JUST THINGS THAT DIDN'T WORK UNTIL NOW
OR WERE NEVER DOCUMENTED PROPERLY.
AS USUAL, NUMBERS=ALL LISPS, LETTERS=NEWIO ONLY.
[1] PRINC NOW NO LONGER AUTO-TERPRI'S BEFORE ATOMS.
[2] NEW "EVALSHUNT" HACK FOR PECULIAR FORMS.
[3] GC NOW MARKS HUNKS MORE SPACE-EFFICIENTLY.
[4] HOW TO DEFINE NEW EDITOR COMMANDS.
[A] NEW FUNCTION: +TYO
[B] SEEING GC STATISTICS IN THE WHO-LINE.
----------------------------------------------------------------
[1] PRINC NOW NO LONGER ATTEMPTS TO GET IN A TERPRI BEFORE AN
ATOM IF NECESSARY. (IT DOES, HOWEVER, PROVIDE A TERPRI ON
REACHING THE LINEL UNLESS OTHERWISE OVERRIDDEN BY THE VALUE OF
TERPRI OR BY (SSTATUS TERPRI ...).) PRIN1 CONTINUES TO PUT
IN AUTO-TERPRI'S BEFORE ATOMS.
[2] WHEN EVAL COMES UPON A FORM WHOSE CAR IS NON-ATOMIC AND
WHOSE CAAR IS NOT LAMBDA, FUNARG, OR LABEL, AND IF THE
VALUE OF THE ATOM EVAL IS NON-NIL, THEN THIS VALUE
SHOULD BE A FUNCTION OF ONE ARGUMENT, AND IT IS CALLED ON THE
FORM. IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE FUNCTION TO EVALUATE THE
FORM AND DELIVER AN APPROPRIATE VALUE. THIS IS KNOWN AS THE
"EVALSHUNT" KLUDGE.
[3] GC NOW TAKES MUCH LESS PDL TO MARK HUNKS. IF YOU HAVE GOTTEN
PDL OVERFLOW DURING GC WHILE USING HUNKS, THIS SHOULD ALLEVIATE
YOUR PROBLEM.
[4] IF EDIT READS A COMMAND WHOSE NAME IS NOT RECOGNIZED, THEN IF THE
ATOM OF THAT NAME HAS AN EDIT PROPERTY, THEN THAT PROPERTY SHOULD
BE A FUNCTION. IT WILL BE CALLED WITH THE REPEAT COUNT AS AN ARGUMENT
(0 IS SUPPLIED IF NO ARGUMENT IS GIVEN). THE FUNCTION MAY
DO ANYTHING IT LIKES, BUT WILL PROBABLY WANT TO OPERATE ON THE
FUNCTION BEING EDITED. THE EDITOR'S CURSOR IS REPRESENTED BY
TWO DATA STRUCTURES, THE "LEFT-LIST" AND THE "UP-LIST".
THE FORMER SAYS HOW TO BACK UP AT THE CURRENT LEVEL OF LIST;
THE LATTER SAYS HOW TO BACK UP A LEVEL OF LIST STRUCTURE.
THE LEFT-LIST IS THE VALUE OF THE ATOM ≠≠≠ (THREE ALTMODES),
AND THE UP-LIST IS THE VALUE OF THE ATOM ↑↑↑ (THREE UPARROWS OR
CIRCUMFLEXES, ASCII 136).
THE CAR OF THE LEFT-LIST IS THE LEVEL OF LIST STRUCTURE BEING
EDITED; THE CURSOR IS CONSIDERED TO BE BEFORE THE CAAR
OF THE LEFT-LIST. THE CDR OF THE LEFT-LIST IS THE LEFT-LIST
FOR THE PREVIOUS POINT IN THIS LEVEL OF LIST. THE UP-LIST
IS A STACK OF OLD LEFT-LISTS.
THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS ARE USEFUL UTILITIES FOR BUILDING
NEW EDITOR FUNCTIONS, AND ILLUSTRATE THE CORRECT WAY TO MANIPULATE
THE LEFT-LIST AND UP-LIST.
(DEFUN RIGHT () (AND (EDCAR) (SETQ ≠≠≠ (CONS (CDAR ≠≠≠) ≠≠≠))))
(DEFUN LEFT () (AND ≠≠≠ (CDR ≠≠≠) (SETQ ≠≠≠ (CDR ≠≠≠))))
(DEFUN DOWN () (AND (EDCAAR)
(SETQ ↑↑↑ (CONS ≠≠≠ ↑↑↑) ≠≠≠ (NCONS (CAAR ≠≠≠)))))
(DEFUN UP () (AND ↑↑↑ (CAR ↑↑↑) (CDR ↑↑↑)
(SETQ ≠≠≠ (CAR ↑↑↑) ↑↑↑ (CDR ↑↑↑))))
(DEFUN YANK (FN)
((LAMBDA (PL)
(COND (PL (SETQ ↑↑↑ NIL)
(SETQ ≠≠≠ (NCONS PL)))
(T (PRINC '|??|))))
(GETL FN EDIT)))
(DEFUN SPLICE (IT)
(COND ((AND (LEFT) (EDCAR))
(RPLACD (CAR ≠≠≠) IT)
(RIGHT))
((AND (UP) (EDCAR))
(RPLACA (CAR ≠≠≠) IT)
(DOWN))))
(DEFUN KILL ()
(PROG2 NIL (CAAR ≠≠≠)
(SPLICE (COND ((EDCAR) (CDAR ≠≠≠)) (T (CAR ≠≠≠))))))
(DEFUN INSERT (IT)
(SPLICE (CONS IT (AND ≠≠≠ (CAR ≠≠≠))))
(RIGHT))
(DEFUN EDCAR () (AND ≠≠≠ (NOT (ATOM (CAR ≠≠≠)))))
(DEFUN EDCAAR () (AND (EDCAR) (NOT (ATOM (CAAR ≠≠≠)))))
NOTICE THAT LEFT AND RIGHT AND UP AND DOWN RETURN NIL
IF THEY FAIL. KILL RETURNS THE THING KILLED (THE STANDARD
EDITOR COMMAND "K" PUTS THIS THING INTO THE VALUE CELL OF "≠≠".)
AS TWO EXAMPLES OF NEW EDITOR COMMANDS, CONSIDER
"XCH" (NOTE THAT NAMES OF EDITOR COMMANDS MUST BE THREE CHARACTERS OR
FEWER), WHICH TRANSPOSES THE NEXT TWO ITEMS AFTER THE CURSOR,
AND "BRY", WHICH BURIES THE NEXT THING IN <ARGUMENT> LEVELS
OF LIST STRUCTURE.
(DEFPROP XCH ED-EXCHANGE EDIT)
(DEFUN ED-EXCHANGE (N) ;ARGUMENT IS IGNORED
(INSERT (PROG2 NIL (KILL) (RIGHT))))
(DEFPROP BRY ED-BURY EDIT)
(DEFUN ED-BURY (N)
(AND (EDCAR)
(DO ((I (MAX N 1) (- I 1)))
((ZEROP I))
(SPLICE (RPLACA (CAR ≠≠≠) (NCONS (CAAR ≠≠≠)))))))
I HAVE TESTED THESE DEFINITIONS AND THEY SEEM TO WORK.
[A] THE NEW FUNCTION +TYO OF TWO ARGUMENTS IS A SUPER-FAST TYO.
THE FIRST ARGUMENT IS THE ASCII VALUE TO OUTPUT AND THE
SECOND IS THE FILE TO OUTPUT IT ON. THE ATOM "T" MAY NOT
BE USED AS A SECOND ARGUMENT; INSTEAD OF (+TYO 43 T), SAY
(+TYO 43 TYO) OR THE EQUIVALENT. ALSO, THE SECOND ARGUMENT
MUST BE A SINGLE FILE, NOT A LIST OF FILES. THE +TYO FUNCTION
DOES NO ARGUMENT CHECKING IF NOT IN *RSET MODE.
IT DOES NOT ATTEMPT TO UPDATE THE CHARPOS OF THE FILE, OR
SUPPLY AN AUTO-TERPRI FOR EXCEEDING THE LINEL. IT DOES CHECK
FOR NON-IMAGE-MODE TTY FILES AND IN THAT CASE CONVERT ↑P AND ↑C
TO ↑P P AND ↑P Q. IT ALSO UPDATES THE FILEPOS CORRECTLY.
[B] NEWIO HAS HAD FOR SOME TIME STATUS CALLS FOR MANIPULATING THE
WHO-LINE; THESE WERE DESCRIBED PREVIOUSLY IN LISP ARCHIV.
NOW A NEW STATUS CALL CONTROLS THE DISPLAY OF GC STATISTICS IN
THE WHO-LINE.
(STATUS GCWHO) RETURNS THE CURRENT GCWHO STATUS AS A FIXNUM.
(SSTATUS GCWHO <N>) SETS THE STATUS TO THE FIXNUM <N>.
RIGHT NOW ONLY THE 1 AND 2 BITS OF THE STATUS ARE SIGNIFICANT.
1 MEANS THAT DURING A GC, THE WHO-LINE SHOULD BE ALTERED TO
READ "GC:XXXXX" WHERE XXXXX IS THE REASON FOR THE GC.
AT THE END OF THE GARBAGE COLLECTION THE WHO-LINE IS RESTORED.
2 MEANS THAT AT THE END OF THE GC THE .WHO2 WORD SHOULD
BE CLOBBERED WITH GC RUN TIME INFORMATION. SPECIFICALLY,
THE LEFT HALF GETS THE PERCENTAGE OF RUN TIME WHICH HAS BEEN
SPENT IN GC, AND THE RIGHT HALF GETS THE GC RUN TIME IN FORTIETHS
OF A SECOND. IF THE FIRST TWO ARGUMENTS TO (SSTATUS WHO1 ...)
ARE 52 OCTAL AND '%, THEN THESE STATISTICS WILL BE PRINTED
IN THE FORM "NNN% HH:MM:DD.T", JUST LIKE THE STANDARD SYSTEM
RUNTIME PERCENTAGE AND VALUE. IN THIS WAY ONE CAN CONTINUOUSLY
MONITOR GC RUN TIME STATISTICS. THE 1 AND 2 BITS MAY BE USED
TOGETHER (3) OR INDEPENDENTLY. NOTE THAT WHILE USING THE 2 BIT
THE .WHO3 VARIABLE IS STILL LEFT OVER FOR USE BY THE USER.
THUS ONE MIGHT SAY:
(SSTATUS WHO1 52 '% 166 0)
(SSTATUS GCWHO 3)
(SSTATUS WHO3 'QUUX)
AND ONE WOULD NORMALLY SEE "43% 00:15:07.8 QUUX", BUT DURING
A GC ONE WOULD SEE "GC:FIXNUM" OR WHATEVER.
A NOTE FOR THOSE WHO USE SUSPEND: IF THE SUSPENDED JOB IS DUMPED
OUT AND LATER RELOADED, THE RUNTIME (MAINTAINED BY THE TIME-SHARING
SYSTEM) WILL HAVE BEEN RESET, BUT NOT THE GCTIME, WHICH IS MAINTAINED
BY LISP. THEREFORE A ROUTINE WHICH DOES A SUSPEND SHOULD PERFORM
(SSTATUS GCTIME 0) ON RETURN FROM THE SUSPEND IN ORDER TO MAKE
THE WHO-LINE AND OTHER GC STATISTICS ACCURATE.
WEDNESDAY DEC 29,1976 FQ+1D.9H.29M.54S. LISP 1251 -JONL-
AS USUAL, NUMBERED ITEMS APPLY BOTH TO OLDIO AND NEWIO LISPS;
LETTERED ITEMS APPLY ONLY TO NEWIO.
1) THE FUNCTION "RANDOM" HAS BEEN SLIGHTLY IMPROVED
2) NUMBERS GIVEN AS FILE-NAME ARGUMENTS ARE NOW CONVERTED TO
SYMBOLIC STRINGS ACCORDING TO A RIGID ALGORITHM.
3) ALLOC NO LONGER ASKS FOR "CORE?".
4) ALL VERSIONS ARE NOW BIBOP. TOPS-10 VERSION IS FULLY BIBOPIFIED.
5) MACDMP HAS BEEN FLUSHED. USE SUSPEND.
6) THE VALUE OF THE ATOM "TERPRI" NOW CONTROLS THE AUTOMATIC
INSERTION OF NEWLINE CHARACTERS IN THE CHARACTER OUTPUT STREAMS.
7) MORE THINGS OPEN-CODED BY NCOMPLR, AND OTHER UPDATES
8) EDIT ALLOWS THE USER TO DEFINE NEW EDITING FUNCTIONS:
[A] HOW TO USE DEFAULT LINEL AND PAGEL FOR FILES.
[B] NCOMPLR THINKS IT KNOWS ABOUT INCLUDE NOW
[C] WHO-LINES ON AI TV-TERMINALS ARE NOW USABLE.
----------------------------------------------------------------
1) "RANDOM" CHANGED SLIGHTLY. NEW ALGORITHM FROM KNUTH IS MUCH
BETTER - NO LONGER HAS THE CORRELATED-TRIPLES PROPERTY.
(RANDOM NIL) AS WELL AS ANY TWO-ARGUMENT CALL TO RANDOM RESTARTS
THE GENERATOR OVER AT ITS BEGINNING. TIMING IS THE SAME.
2) FIXNUMS GIVEN AS FILE NAMES: PREVIOUSLY, THESE WERE CONVERTED
TO CHARACTER STRINGS MERELY BY PRINTING IN THE CURRENT BASE.
NOW, THE BASE IS TEMPORARILY LAMBDA-BOUND TO TEN, AND *NOPOINT
TO NIL, DURING THE CONVERSION. FOR EXAMPLE, IF BASE=IBASE=8,
THEN TYPING IN AND EVALING THE FORM
(UREAD TEST 131 DSK LOSER)
WILL RESULT IN SELECTING THE FILE DSK:LOSER;TEST 89
3) ALLOC NO LONGER ASKS FOR "CORE". A # WILL PROMP THE ENTRIES THAT
CANNOT BE EXPANDED AFTER ALLOCATION. FOR ITS VERSIONS ONLY THE
PDLS CANNOT BE EXPANDED, BUT IN THE TOPS-10 VERSION,
BINARY-PROGRAM-SPACE MAY NOT BE FURTHER EXPANDED.
4) AND 5) HOORAY, HOORAY!
6) THE VALUE OF THE ATOM "TERPRI" NOW CONTROLS THE AUTOMATIC
INSERTION OF NEWLINE CHARACTERS IN THE CHARACTER OUTPUT STREAMS.
IF NON-NIL, THEN ALL SUCH AUTOMATIC INSERTION IS SUPPRESSED FOR
ALL OUTPUT FILES AND DEVICES, REGARDLESS OF THEIR PARTICULAR
LINELS. IN NEWIO, IF THE LINEL FOR A PARTICULAR OUTPUT FILE IS 0,
THEN THE AUTOMATIC INSERTION IS SUPPRESSED FOR THAT FILE.
7) NCOMPLR NOW OPEN-CODES TYPEP, ATOM, NUMBERP, FIXP, FLOATP, BIGP,
ZEROP, MINUSP, PLUSP, AND HUNKP USING THE SEGMENT TABLE.
FOR TOPS-10 LUSERS: THE MAKLAP PARSER ACCEPTS PPN DESIGNATIONS
IN SQUARE BRACKETS.
FOR ITS LUSERS: @DEFINE HAS BEEN DEFINED. SEE DOCUMENTATION
FOR THE @ CROSS-REFERENCING PROGRAM.
THE VALUE OF THE ATOM "GCPROTECT" NOW CONTROLS HOW LAP AND FASLOAD
USE THAT FUNCTION. THIS IS A SPECIAL HAC FOR OWL SYSTEM, AND
NO ONE ELSE SHOULD EVER SET "GCPROTECT" TO NON-NIL.
8) EDIT ALLOWS THE USER TO DEFINE NEW EDITING FUNCTIONS. PUTTING AN
"EDIT" PROPERTY ON AN ATOM MAKES IT AN EDITOR COMMAND, AND WHEN
INVOKED, THAT FUNCTIONS IS CALLED WITH THREE ARGUMENTS:
I) REPEAT COUNT
II) THE CURRENT "LEFT-LIST" (VALUE OF THE ATOM ≠≠≠)
III) THE CURRENT "UP-LIST"
FOR MORE DETAILS, SEE THE FILE MC:LISP;EDITOR >
[A] WHENEVER A FILE-OBJECT IS CREATED, SUCH AS BY "OPEN", THE LINEL AND
PAGEL ARE SET FROM AN INTERNAL DEFAULT VALUE. THESE VALUES ARE
ACCESSED BY (LINEL NIL) (PAGEL NIL), AND SET TO NEW VALUES BY
(LINEL NIL <NEWVAL>) (PAGEL NIL <NEWVAL>)
[B] QCOMPLR THINKS IT KNOWS ABOUT INCLUDE. WHAT MORE CAN WE SAY?
[C] THERE ARE THREE WHO-LINES USABLE FROM LISP ON THE AI MACHINE,
AND THE GARBAGE-COLLECTOR CAN DISPLAY ITS OPERATIONS ON A WHO-LINE
QUUX WILL DOCUMENT THIS STUFF AS AND WHEN IT IS OPERATIONAL.
TUESDAY SEPT 14,1976 FM+6D.1H.33M.7S. LISP 1211 -GLS,JONL-
OLDIO AND NEWIO LISPS NOW BOTH ANNOUNCE THEMSELVES AS SUCH.
YOU CAN GET AN OLDIO BY TYPING OLDIO↑K OR O↑K; AS BEFORE,
NEWIO↑K OR Q↑K GETS A NEWIO. IN THE NEAR FUTURE, LISP↑K
AND L↑K WILL START PROVIDING A NEWIO INSTEAD OF AN OLDIO.
OLDIO WILL STILL BE AVAILABLE AS OLDIO↑K OR O↑K FOR SEVERAL
MONTHS AFTER THAT.
NUMBERED ITEMS BELOW APPLY TO ALL LISPS; LETTERED ONES TO NEWIO ONLY.
[1] WHAT ARE PEOPLE USING HUNKS FOR?
[2] NEW ARITHMETIC FUNCTION: IFIX
[3] "AUTOLOAD" HAS LOWER PRIORITY THAN OTHER FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES
[4] ALLOC FUNCTION AND GC PRINTOUT SUPPRESS ZERO-SIZE SPACES
[5] EVALHOOK NOW HOOKS BOTH A MACRO CALL AND ITS EXPANSION
[6] NEW .FASL MACRO PRINTS SUPPRESSABLE LOAD MESSAGE
[7] CHANGES TO EDIT FUNCTION AND NEW COMMANDS
[A] NEWIO NOW PROVIDES A ##MORE## PROCESSOR
[B] NEW NVID, SLAVE, MPX PACKAGES FOR NEWIO
[C] PROBLEM WITH INIT FILES IN NEWIO: UREAD DOESN'T CLOSE THEM
[D] UNTRAPPED MEMORY AND MACHINE ERRORS NOW GO TO DDT
[E] CHANGES TO HANDLING OF TTY BLOCK OUTPUT
[F] BUG OF FASLOAD FROM WITHIN FASLOAD-FILE-NOT-FOUND BREAK FIXED
[G] STUPID SPACE-SWALLOWING THING ONLY HAPPENS IF READ IS NIL
[H] NEW CURSORPOS FEATURES: A, H, I, V
[I] THE ACTION AT END-OF-FILE HAS BEEN CHANGED
----------------------------------------------------------------
[1] IF YOU USE HUNKS, SEND SOME MAIL TO GLS SAYING FOR WHAT.
(JUST NOSY, I GUESS.) NCOMPLR NOW OPEN-CODES CXR.
[2] (IFIX X) IS JUST LIKE (FIX X), EXCEPT THAT X IS CONSTRAINED TO BE
WITHIN THE RANGE OF FIXNUMS. WHILE "FIX" MAY RETURN A BIGNUM,
"IFIX" WILL NOT, AND THIS ALLOWS EFFICIENT OPEN-CODING OF "IFIX".
CAVEAT EMPTOR! THIS IS NOT THE SAME FUNCTION AS FORTRAN'S "IFIX":
THIS ONE IS THE SAME AS THE "ENTIER" FUNCTION, AS IN ALGOL.
[3] WHENEVER LISP LOOKS UP A FUNCTION ON A PROPERTY LIST, IT
WILL NOW PREFER A SUBR, EXPR, ETC. TO AN AUTOLOAD PROPERTY
EVEN IF THE SUBR (OR WHATEVER) OCCURS AFTER THE AUTOLOAD
PROPERTY ON THE PROPERTY LIST. THAT IS, IT EFFECTIVELY
LOOKS FOR OTHER FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES FIRST, AND ONLY ON
FAILURE DOES LISP CHECK FOR AN AUTOLOAD PROPERTY.
THIS FIXES THE SCREW WHERE ONE PACKAGE DEFINES THE SUBR
FOO AND THEN ANOTHER DOES (DEFPROP FOO ... AUTOLOAD).
[4] IF A SPACE HAS ZERO SIZE (OFTEN TRUE OF HUNK SPACES!),
THEN THE ALLOC FUNCTION WILL NOT INCLUDE THE SPACE IN
THE RETURNED DATA, AND GC STATISTICS PRINTOUT WILL NOT
MENTION THE SPACE. (STATUS SPCNAMES) WILL, HOWEVER,
MENTION ALL SPACES, EVEN THOSE OF ZERO SIZE.
[5] EVALHOOK NOW HOOKS BOTH A MACRO CALL AND ITS EXPANSION.
FORMERLY THE HOOK FUNCTION SAW THE MACRO CALL, AND THEN
THE FIRST FORM WITHIN THE EXPANSION, BUT NOT THE EXPANSION
ITSELF.
[6] MANY AUXILLIARY FILES, SUCH AS "GRIND", "LAP", "ALLFILES", ETC.
WHICH ARE AUTOLOADABLE, OR FASLOADED BY THE USER, PRINT A MESSAGE
ANNOUNCING THEIR VERSION NUMBER AND THE FACT THAT THEY ARE BEING
LOADED. FOR EXAMPLE, WHEN ALLFILES IS LOADED, IT PRINTS
;LOADING ALLFILES 43
BY CONVENTION, ALL SUCH LOADING MESSAGES ARE SUPPRESSED IF THE
USER HAS DONE (SSTATUS FEATURE NOLDMSG). ALL SUCH FILES WRITTEN
IN LISP HAVE EXPR CODE WHICH CHECKS THE FEATURE LIST FOR
"NOLDMSG", AND IF ABSENT, PRINTS THE LOADING MESSAGE.
TO FACILITATE SUCH A MESSAGE PRINTING FEATURE FOR PACKAGES WRITTEN
IN MIDAS, THE STANDARD FILE "SYS:.FASL DEFS", TO BE INSERTED BY
.FASL FILES, NOW HAS A MACRO "VERPRT". ITS ARGUMENT SHOULD BE
THE NAME OF THE PACKAGE; IT GENERATES A .SXEVAL FORM WHICH
WILL PRINT A MESSAGE WHEN THE FILE IS LOADED. FOR EXAMPLE,
THE ALLFILES PACKAGE EFFECTIVELY BEGINS:
TITLE ALLFILES
.FASL
.INSRT SYS:.FASL DEFS
VERPRT ALLFILES
THE GENERATED FORM WORKS IN EITHER OLDIO OR NEWIO;
IN NEWIO, THE MESSAGE IS PRINTED ON THE FILES SPECIFIED
BY THE VARIABLE "MSGFILES" (WHICH IS ALSO USED BY ALL LISP
SYSTEM MESSAGES).
[7] CHANGES TO THE "BINFORD EDITOR" (EDIT FUNCTION):
[7.1] THE COMMANDS "C" AND "-C" HAVE DISAPPEARED.
THEY WERE EQUIVALENT TO THE STILL-EXISTING
"F" AND "-F" COMMANDS.
[7.2] "SS" = "SAVE SPOT", "RS" = "RESTORE SPOT"
BOTH TAKE AN ATOMIC SYMBOL AS AN ARGUMENT.
SS SAVES THE CURRENT "SPOT" (WHERE THE $$ APPEARS)
AS THE VALUE OF THE SPECIFIED VARIABLE, AND RS
RETURNS TO THAT SPOT. THUS:
SS FOO
... LOTSA EDITING ...
RS FOO
<NOW CURSOR IS WHERE IT WAS BEFORE THE SS>
[7.3] AN ARGUMENT TO EDIT NO LONGER CONTROLS THE AUTO-PRINT
FEATURE (SEE [7.4] BELOW); INSTEAD, IT SHOULD BE AN
ATOMIC SYMBOL, THE NAME OF A FUNCTION. AS THE EDITOR
IS ENTERED, THAT FUNCTION IS "YANKED" SO THAT EDITING
MAY BEGIN ON ITS CODE WITHOUT EXPLICITLY USING THE
"Y" COMMAND. THE VALUE OF THE VARIABLE "EDIT"
CONTROLS WHICH PROPERTIES WILL BE HUNTED FOR BY THE
"Y" OPERATION [INITIAL VALUE IS (EXPR FEXPR MACRO)].
[7.4] "SP" = "START/STOP PRINTING" TOGGLES THE STATE OF
THE AUTOMATIC PRINTOUT AFTER EACH COMMAND.
[7.5] "-KI" IS LIKE "L KI"; THAT IS, IT REPLACES THE
PRECEDING S-EXPRESSION WITH ITS ARGUMENT.
[7.6] AN "S" COMMAND IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWED BY "$$"
(I.E. A NULL SEARCH STRING" WILL REPEAT THE PREVIOUS
SEARCH, AS IN TECO.
[7.7] YANKING IN A VALUE PROPERTY NOW WINS. THUS:
YP FOO VALUE $$
ALLOWS YOU TO EDIT THE VALUE PROPERTY OF FOO.
----------------------------------------------------------------
[A] NEWIO NOW PROVIDES A ##MORE## PROCESSOR, IF YOU ARE IN
":TCTYP MORE" MODE WHEN LISP STARTS UP. WHEN THE END OF
THE SCREEN IS REACHED, "##MORE##" IS PRINTED, AND LISP
WAITS FOR A CHARACTER. SPACE OR RUBOUT IS SWALLOWED,
AND ANYTHING ELSE IS LEFT TO BE SEEN BY LATER ##MORE##'S
(AND EVENTUALLY BY READ). THE STATE OF THE ##MORE## INTERRUPT
MAY STILL BE TOGGLED BY TYPING <CONTROL-UNDERSCORE>M AT LISP,
AS WITH ANY OTHER ITS JOB.
[B] THE VARIOUS MOBYIO FEATURES IMPLEMETED ONLY ON THE AI MACHINE
(SUCH AS REAL AND FAKE TV'S, 340 STUFF, PLOTLIST AND MULTIPLEXOR
ROUTINES) HAVE BEEN CODED AS AUTOLOAD PACKAGES FOR NEWIO. THEY
ARE VIRTUALLY UNTESTED, AND WE WOULD APPRECIATE IT IF TV AND 340
HACKERS WOULD GIVE THEM A TRY AND HELP FIND THE BUGS.
[C] .LISP. (INIT) FILES ARE NOT HANDLED VIA THE UREAD MECHANISM
IN NEWIO. A STANDARD TRICK IN OLDIO, NOT USABLE IN NEWIO, IS TO
CALL UREAD IN THE LAST FORM IN AN INIT FILE, AND DEPEND ON IT TO
CLOSE THE INIT FILE BEFORE OPENING THE NEW ONE. SINCE THIS
DOESN'T WORK IN NEWIO, IT MAY HAPPEN THAT AN .INIT. FILE IS NEVER
CLOSED. THERE ARE TWO SOLUTIONS:
(1) LET THE .INIT. FILE EXPLICITLY CLOSE ITSELF, AND POP THE
INPUT STACK, DURING THE EVALUATION OF THE LAST FORM. E.G.
(COMMENT CORE 120 . . .) ;RELIC FOR ALLOC
(DO SOME STUFF)
. . . ;MORE STUFF
(PROGN (CLOSE INFILE) (INPUSH -1))
(2) ARRANGE NOT TO RESET ↑Q TO NIL IN THE INIT FILE, SO THAT
THE TOP-LEVEL READ-EVAL-PRINT LOOP WILL ENCOUNTER
END-OF-FILE AND CLOSE IT FOR YOU.
[D] THE OLD MESSAGE ABOUT
;REFERENCE TO NON-EXISTENT MEMORY FROM LOCATION 314159
;PROGRAM TRAPPED WHILE IN COMPLETELY-CRETINOUS-ROUTINE
HAS BEEN FLUSHED IN NEWIO. NOW, WHEN A MEMORY PROTECT VIOLATION,
WRITE INTO READ-ONLY MEMORY, ILLEGAL OPERATION, OR PARITY ERROR
OCCURS, NEWIO CHECKS THE VALUE OF THE ATOM "MACHINE-ERROR",
AS PREVIOUSLY DOCUMENTED. IF NON-NIL, IT IS THE USER HANDLER
FOR THE ERROR. IF NIL, LISP REFLECTS THE INTERRUPT BACK OUT,
AND DDT HANDLES IT, PRINTING THE FAMILAR MESSAGE:
MPV; 314159>>MOVE 1,(2) 1/ 43 271828/ ??
WHICH MAY SEEM SOMEWHAT MORE CRYPTIC, BUT WILL MAKE IT MUCH EASIER
FOR KNOWLEDGEABLE LISP HACKERS TO DEBUG THE ERROR. TO GET THE
EFFECT OF THE OLD HANDLER (RETURN TO TOP LEVEL), TYPE $G TO DDT.
SYSTEMS SUCH AS MACSYMA WHICH REQUIRE A BETTER USER INTERFACE SHOULD
PROVIDE A MACHINE-ERROR USER INTERRUPT HANDLER.
[E] ALL TTY BLOCK OUTPUT IN NEWIO IS NOW DONE WITH SIOT.
AS A COROLLARY, A FILE WRITTEN IN TTY BLOCK IMAGE OUTPUT MODE
WILL WRITE 8-BIT CHARACTERS, AND TTY BLOCK FIXNUM OUTPUT
WILL WRITE 12.-BIT CHARACTERS. SUPER SYSTEMS HACKERS TAKE NOTE!
[F] BUG OF FASLOAD FROM WITHIN FASLOAD-FILE-NOT-FOUND BREAK FIXED.
WHEN YOU GET A FILE-NOT-FOUND ERROR FROM FASLOAD, IT NOW WORKS
TO REPEAT THE FASLOAD WITHOUT EXITING FROM THE BREAK.
[G] THE KLUDGE WHERE LISP'S TOP-LEVEL AND BREAK-LEVEL SWALLOW A
SPACE AFTER AN ATOM DOES NOT HAPPEN IF THE USER SUPPLIED A
READ FUNCTION BY SETQ'ING THE VARIABLE "READ".
[H] NEW CURSORPOS FEATURES: A, H, I, V
(CURSORPOS 'A) ADVANCES TO A FRESH LINE; THAT IS,
IT DOES A TERPRI UNLESS THE TTY IS ALREADY
AT THE BEGINNING OF A LINE.
(CURSORPOS 'P) (OUTPUT A ↑P) HAS BEEN FLUSHED.
(TYO 20) NOW DOES THE RIGHT THING IN NEWIO.
(CURSORPOS 'H <N>) SETS JUST THE HORIZONTAL POSITION
TO <N> WITHOUT AFFECTING THE VERTICAL POSITION.
(CURSORPOS 'V <N>) SIMILARLY SETS THE VERTICAL POSITION.
(CURSORPOS 'I <N>) OUTPUTS ASCII CODE <N> AS A ONE-POSITION
PRINTING CHARACTER (WILL NOT WORK UNTIL IMPLEMENTED
IN ITS, WHICH ISN'T YET!).
[I] THE ACTION AT END-OF-FILE, CONTRARY TO THE MOONUAL, IS NOW:
IF WITHIN READ IN THE MIDDLE OF AN OBJECT (TYI CANNOT BE
"IN THE MIDDLE OF AN OBJECT") SIGNAL A READ-EOF ERROR.
OTHERWISE, IF NO USER EOF HANDLER BELONGS TO THE FILE,
THEN CLOSE THE FILE UNLESS IT IS A TTY
(EOF ON A TTY MERELY MEANS OVER-RUBOUT),
POP THE INPUT STACK (BY DOING (INPUSH -1)),
THEN IF WITHIN A READ THAT HAD ARGUMENTS
RETURN THE EOF VALUE, AND OTHERWISE REPEAT
THE READ FROM THE NOW CURRENT FILE POPPED.
IF THERE WAS A USER EOF HANDLER,
THEN CALL IT WITH THE FILE AND EOF VALUE AS
ARGUMENTS. WHEN IT RETURNS, THEN
IF IT RETURNED NIL, CLOSE THE FILE (UNLESS
IT IS A TTY) AND POP THE INPUT STACK,
THEN REPEAT THE READ FROM THE NEW CURRENT
INPUT FILE.
IF IT RETURNED T, REPEAT THE READ USING WHATEVER
SOURCE THE EOF HANDLER MADE CURRENT.
IF IT RETURNED ANY OTHER VALUE, THEN
IF NOT WITHIN A READ WITH ARGUMENTS,
PRETEND IT RETURNED NIL.
OTHERWISE, EXIT THE READ WITH THE VALUE
RETURNED BY THE EOF HANDLER.
IN THE ABOVE, "READ" REFERS TO WHATEVER INPUT FUNCTION WAS
CALLED, SUCH AS READ, READLINE, TYI, ETC.
THURSDAY JULY 01,1976 NM+4D.11H.48M.23S. LISP 1168 - GLS -
[1] HUNK STUFF HAS CHANGED; HUNK,HUNKIFY => MAKHUNK,HUNK
[2] TOPLEVEL AND BREAKLEVEL FLUSH SPACES AFTER ATOMS
[3] PRINT IS MORE CLEVER ABOUT AUTO-TERPRI AND PRINLEVEL
[4] NEW FUNCTION "SUBR" FINDS ROUTINE A PC IS IN
FOR NEWIO ONLY:
[A] MAR-BREAK INTERRUPT TURNS OFF MAR
[B] ALL THE NEW INTERRUPTS RUN IN (NOINTERRUPT T) STATE
[C] THE VARIABLE DEFAULTF IS THE DEFAULT FILE NAMES
[D] MACHINE-ERROR INTERRUPT NOW GETS MORE ARGUMENTS
----------------------------------------------------------------
[1] THE HUNK STUFF HAS BEEN REVISED AS FOLLOWS:
(CXR 0 X) = (CDR X), (CXR 1 X) = (CAR X)
THIS IS THE REVERSE OF WHAT IT INITIALLY WAS. THE OTHER
COMPONENTS ARE STILL COMPONENTS 2 THROUGH N-1.
THE OLD "HUNKIFY" FUNCTION HAS BEEN RENAMED "HUNK".
IT TAKES ITS ARGUMENTS IN THE ORDER 1, 2, 3, ..., N-1, 0.
THIS IS THE ORDER THEY ARE PRINTED IN. THUS:
(SETQ FOO (HUNK 1 2 3 4 5))
(1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5)
(CXR 1 FOO)
1
(CXR 2 FOO)
2
(CXR 0 FOO)
5
THE OLD "HUNK" FUNCTION HAS BEEN RENAMED "MAKHUNK".
IT ALSO HAS AN EXTENDED DEFINITION: IF THE ARGUMENT TO
MAKHUNK IS A FIXNUM, IT CREATES A HUNK THAT BIG FILLED
WITH NILS. IF THE ARGUMENT IS A LIST, IT CREATES A HUNK
FILLED WITH THE ELEMENTS OF THE LIST. THUS
(MAKHUNK (LIST A B C D)) = (HUNK A B C D)
[2] IN THE SYSTEM-SUPPLIED TOPLEVEL AND BREAKLEVEL
READ-EVAL-PRINT LOOPS, JUST AFTER AN ITEM IS READ THE
FOLLOWING OCCURS:
(AND (ATOM THE-ITEM)
(NOT (ZEROP (BOOLE 1 100000
(STATUS SYNTAX (TYIPEEK)))))
(TYI))
IN THIS WAY THE SPACE THAT TERMINATED THE ATOM (IF IT WAS
IN FACT A SPACE) IS FLUSHED. THIS IS SO THAT THE SPACE
WILL NOT HANG AROUND AND CONFUSE, E.G., **MORE**
PROCESSING. USER TOPLEVELS AND BREAKLEVELS SHOULD DO
A SIMILAR THING.
I WOULD APPRECIATE GETTING COMMENTS ABOUT THIS GENERAL
PROBLEM ABOUT SPACES AFTER ATOMS. SHOULD THERE BE TWO
READ FUNCTIONS, ONE WHICH FLUSHES SPACES AND ONE WHICH
DOES NOT? OR WHAT? -- GLS
[3] A NEW USELESS FEATURE OF PRINT IS THAT THE AUTO-TERPRI
HACK IS MORE CLEVER. UP TO NOW PRINT HAS CALCULATED
THE SIZE OF EACH ATOMIC SYMBOL AND PUT A TERPRI (CARRIAGE
RETURN) BEFORE THE SYMBOL IF IT WON'T FIT ON THE CURRENT OUTPUT
LINE. NOW IT CALCULATES OR ESTIMATES THE LENGTH OF EACH ATOM
(NUMBERS, ETC., AS WELL AS SYMBOLS), AND ALLOWS FOR ANY
PARENTHESES WHICH MUST PRECEDE OR FOLLOW THE ATOM. THUS,
IF THE NEXT FRAGMENT TO PRINT IS "((FOOBAR)))", PRINT
WILL TERPRI IF THERE ARE NOT AT LEAST ELEVEN CHARACTERS
LEFT IN THE OUTPUT LINE. THIS MEANS THAT YOU DON'T GET
ISOLATED LEFT PARENS AT THE END OF A LINE, OR RIGHT PARENS
AT THE BEGINNING OF A LINE.
[4] THE NEW FUNCTION "SUBR" (ONLY IN BIBOP LISPS, FOR OBSCURE
TECHNICAL REASONS), TAKES ONE ARGUMENT, A FIXNUM, AND TRIES
TO DETERMINE WHAT FUNCTION THAT NUMBER WOULD BE A PC IN.
THIS HACK IS ONLY APPROXIMATE, AND DEPENDS ON LOOKING AT ALL
THE PROPERTY LISTS OF ATOMS IN THE CURRENT OBARRAY.
THE ATOM WITH THE CLOSEST REASONABLE SUBR, FSUBR, LSUBR,
OR ARRAY PROPERTY IS RETURNED AS THE RESULT.
IF NO REASONABLE RESULT IS FOUND, THE ATOM "?" IS RETURNED.
(WHAT THIS DOES IS PROVIDE A HANDLE ON AN INTERNAL ROUTINE
LISP HAS HAD FOR A LONG TIME ANYWAY. SEE ITEM [D] BELOW.)
FOR NEWIO ONLY:
[A] WHEN THE MAR-BREAK USER INTERRUPT GOES OFF, AN IMPLICIT
(SSTATUS MAR 0 NIL) HAS BEEN PERFORMED. IT IS UP TO
THE MAR-BREAK FUNCTION TO RE-ENABLE THE MAR IF DESIRED.
THIS IS SIMILAR TO THE OPERATION OF THE ALARMCLOCK
FUNCTION. THE INTENTION IS TO HELP PREVENT INFINITE LOOPS.
[B] ALL THE NEW ASYNCHRONOUS INTERRUPTS ANNOUNCED LAST TIME, NAMELY
MAR-BREAK, SYS-DEATH, AND TTY-RETURN, ARE RUN IN (NOINTERRUPT T)
MODE JUST LIKE TTY CHARACTER INTERRUPTS. (I FORGOT TO DOCUMENT
THIS LAST TIME.)
[C] THE VARIABLE DEFAULTF NOW CONTAINS NEWIO'S DEFAULT FILE NAMES,
IN THE FORM OF A NAMELIST. THIS IS SO YOU CAN LAMBDA-BIND
THEM. THE FUNCTION DEFAULTF STILL EXISTS AND IS EQUIVALENT
TO:
(DEFUN DEFAULTF (X)
(SETQ DEFAULTF
(MERGEF (OR X DEFAULTF) DEFAULTF)))
[D] THE MACHINE-ERROR INTERRUPT HAS BEEN CHANGED TO TAKE FOUR
ARGUMENTS. THEY ARE A SYMBOL AND THREE FIXNUMS, IN THAT ORDER
(THIS INVOLVES A REVERSAL OF ITS FORMAR ARGUMENTS.) THE SYMBOL
STILL INDICATES THE ERROR TYPE. THE THREE FIXNUMS ARE,
IN ORDER, THE LOCATION OF THE ERROR, THE PC AS OF THE ERROR,
AND THE JPC AS OF THE ERROR. FOR THE NONCE, THE FIRST AND THIRD
FIXNUMS ARE ALWAYS ZERO, BUT EVENTUALLY WILL CONTAIN INFORMATION
AS CORRECT AS ITS CAN SUPPLY.
AS AN EXAMPLE OF A MACHINE-ERROR FUNCTION, THIS ONE DOES
APPROXIMATELY WHAT THE SYSTEM DEFAULT HANDLER DOES:
(DEFUN MACHINE-ERROR-HANDLER (TYPE LOC PC JPC)
(TERPRI)
(PRINC (COND ((EQ TYPE 'EXAMINE)
'|;REFERENCE TO NON-EXISTENT MEMORY|)
((EQ TYPE 'DEPOSIT)
'|;WRITE INTO READ-ONLY MEMORY|)
((EQ TYPE 'EVAL)
'|;ILLEGAL MACHINE OPERATION|)
((EQ TYPE 'ODDP)
'|;PARITY ERROR|)))
(PRINC '| FROM LOCATION |)
(PRIN1 PC)
(TERPRI)
(PRINC '|;PROGRAM TRAPPED WHILE IN |)
(PRIN1 (SUBR PC)) ;SEE ITEM [4] ABOVE FOR SUBR
(ERROR))
ANOTHER ONE TO USE IS:
(DEFUN MACHINE-ERROR-HANDLER (TYPE LOC PC JPC)
((LAMBDA (ARGS)
(BREAK MACHINE-ERROR))
(LIST (COND ((EQ TYPE 'EXAMINE)
'REFERENCE-TO-NON-EXISTENT-MEMORY)
((EQ TYPE 'DEPOSIT)
'WRITE-INTO-READ-ONLY-MEMORY)
((EQ TYPE 'EVAL)
'ILLEGAL-MACHINE-OPERATION)
((EQ TYPE 'ODDP)
'PARITY-ERROR))
'AT
'LOCATION
LOC
'FROM
'WITHIN
(SUBR PC))))
WHEN THE BREAK OCCURS, THE VARIABLE ARGS, FOLLOWING CONVENTION,
HAS THE USEFUL DATA.
TUESDAY JUNE 15,1976 FM+3D.2H.27M.33S. LISP 1160 - GLS -
NOTE THAT NUMBERED ITEMS ARE FOR BOTH NEWIO AND OLDIO,
WHILE LETTERED ITEMS ARE FOR NEWIO ONLY. NOTE ALSO THAT
NUMBERED AND LETTERED ITEMS ARE INTERMIXED SLIGHTLY.
[0] NEW COMPILER FEATURES
[0A] (PROGN 'COMPILE A1 ... AN) AT TOP LEVEL COMPILES A1 ... AN
[0B] (DEFUN (FOO BAR) ...) PULLS A SPECIAL GENSYM HACK
[0C] (RECOMPL '(A B C ...)) IS USED TO RECOMPILE A FILE
[0D] THE COMPILER NOW RECOGNIZES (CGOL) SPECIALLY
[1] THE VARIABLE ZFUZZ CONTROLS PRECISION OF PLUS AND DIFFERENCE
[2] DEFPROP AND DEFUN DO A REMPROP LOOP, NOT JUST A SINGLE REMPROP
[3] P% IS "LISP TYPEOUT MODE", AND GETS SET UP IN & IF POSSIBLE
[A] TYI ARRANGES TO READ NON-ACTIVATION CHARACTERS
[B] TYI ON TTY DOESN'T CONFUSE CURSORPOS ANY MORE
[C] THE VARIABLES TYI AND TYO CONTAIN THE INITIAL TTY FILE OBJECTS
[D] SETQ OF READ NOW WORKS IN NEWIO; "LOAD" USES IT TOO
[E] RECALL THAT HH$X IS BB$X IN NEWIO
[F] SPECIAL TREATMENT OF CTRL AND META CHARACTERS IN NEWIO
[G] MAR INTERRUPT FEATURE
[F1] THE MAR-BREAK USER INTERRUPT
[F2] (STATUS MAR) AND (SSTATUS MAR)
[F3] SUSPEND SAVES AND RESTORES THE MAR
[F4] ↑G CIRCUMVENTS THE MAR ON RESTORED VARIABLES
[H] OTHER NEW USER INTERRUPTS
[G1] TTY-RETURN (TTY JUST RETURNED TO THE JOB)
[G2] SYS-DEATH AND (STATUS ITS)
[G3] MACHINE-ERROR (MEMORY ERRORS, ILLEGAL OPERS, PARITY ERRORS)
[4] HUNKS PACKAGE
[5A] NEW DATA TYPES
[5B] NEW PRIMITIVES: CXR, RPLACX, HUNK, HUNKIFY, HUNKSIZE
[5C] EQUAL AND SXHASH TREAT HUNKS SPECIALLY
[5D] PRINT TREATS HUNKS SPECIALLY
[5E] TREATMENT OF HUNKS AS LIST STRUCTURE
[5F] (STATUS FEATURE HUNK)
[5G] (STATUS SPCNAMES)
[5H] (STATUS GCSIZE), ETC., AND (ALLOC X)
[I] HUMBLE PACKAGE FOR HACKING INFERIOR JOBS ON ITS
[I1] SPECIAL VARIABLES AND THE JOB TABLE
[I2] CREATE-JOB
[I3] SELECT-JOB
[I4] KILL-JOB
[I5] LOAD-JOB
[I6] JOB-USET-READ AND JOB-USET-WRITE
[I7] EXAMINE-JOB AND DEPOSIT-JOB
[I8] *ATTY AND *DTTY
[I9] AUXILIARY PACKAGES
----------------------------------------------------------------
[0] NEW COMPILER FEATURES
[0A] IF THE FORM (PROGN 'COMPILE A1 ... AN) IS SEEN
AT THE TOP LEVEL OF A FILE, THE COMPILER COMPILES
THE FORMS A1 ... AN AS IF THEY ALL WERE SEEN AT TOP LEVEL.
IN THIS WAY A MACRO CAN "RETURN MULTIPLE FORMS" TO BE
COMPILED (AFTER ALL, THE CONSTRUCT ALSO WORKS IN THE
INTERPRETER).
[0B] (DEFUN (FOO BAR) ...) IN THE INTERPRETER DEFINES FOO
TO HAVE A BAR PROPERTY WHICH IS A LAMBDA EXPRESSION.
THE COMPILER CREATES A GENSYM G0034, OUTPUTS THE FORM
(DEFPROP FOO G0034 BAR),
AND THEN COMPILES THE FUNCTION UNDER THE NAME G0034.
IN THIS WAY (FUNCALL (GET 'FOO 'BAR) ...) WILL ALWAYS
WORK, FOR EXAMPLE.
CONTRAST THIS WITH (DEFUN (FOO BAR BAZ) ...), WHICH
IN THE INTERPRETER GIVES FOO A BAR PROPERTY, AND WHEN
COMPILED GIVES FOO A BAZ PROPERTY.
[0C] THE VARIABLE RECOMPL, IF NON-NIL, CAUSES THE COMPILER
TO IGNORE ALL FORMS IN A FILE EXCEPT DECLARATIONS
AND FUNCTIONS WHOSE NAMES APPEAR IN THE LIST WHICH
IS THE VALUE OF RECOMPL. THE FUNCTION RECOMPL
APPENDS ITS ARGUMENT TO THE RECOMPL LIST. THE IDEA
IS THAT ONE CAN SPECIFY TO THE COMPILER WHICH FUNCTIONS
IN A FILE HAVE CHANGED, AND PRODUCE AN "UPDATE" FASL
FILE CONTAINING ONLY THE DIFFERENCES.
[0D] THE COMPILER NOW RECOGNIZES THE FORM (CGOL), AND
TREATS IT SOMEWHAT LIKE (DECLARE (EVAL (READ))) (CGOL).
[1] IF THE VARIABLE ZFUZZ IS NON-NIL, THEN PLUS AND DIFFERENCE
PERFORM A SPECIAL FUZZ CHECK ON FLOATING POINT NUMBERS.
IF A AND B ARE THE NUMBERS TO BE ADDED (POSSIBLY AFTER CONTAGIOUS
CONVERSION TO FLOATING POINT), THEN IF
A + B < B * ZFUZZ
THEN THE RESULT IS FORCED TO ZERO.
THIS HACK WAS INVENTED FOR BMT; IT MAY CHANGE IF HE DECIDES IT
ISN'T THE RIGHT THING.
[2] BEFORE PUTTING THE NEW PROPERTY ON AN ATOM, DEFPROP AND DEFUN
USED TO PERFORM A SINGLE REMPROP OF THE PROPERTY. NOW THEY LOOP,
REMOVING ALL INSTANCES OF THE PROPERTY FROM THE ATOM. THIS IS
TO ALLOW FOR TRACE, WHICH CREATES ATOMS WITH MULTIPLE OCCURRENCES
OF A GIVEN PROPERTY NAME.
[3] FOR THOSE WHO HACK LISP FROM DDT:
THE SYMBOL P% IS A PUSHJ INSTRUCTION SUITABLE FOR USE AS A DDT
USER TYPEOUT MODE (BY DEPOSITING IT INTO ..TAMPER OR SOME SIMILAR
LOCATION). IF WHEN THE LISP IS STARTED UP DDT HAS A SYMBOL TABLE
LOADED FOR THE LISP, LISP MOVES THE TYPEOUT MODE IN ..TAMPER
TO ..TPERCE, AND DEPOSITS P% IN ..TAMPER. IN THIS WAY THE DDT
COMMAND & MEANS LISP TYPEOUT MODE, AND SQUOZE TYPEOUT MAY BE DONE
VIA $%;.
THIS FORM OF LISP TYPEOUT MODE TYPES OUT $Q, NOT THE CONTENTS
OF . AS P.$X AND PL.$X DO. IF $Q HAS A NON-ZERO LEFT HALF,
THEN BOTH THE LEFT AND RIGHT HALVES ARE PRINTED AS S-EXPRESSIONS,
SEPARATED BY ",,". THIS TYPEOUT MODE IS USEFUL IN CONJUNCTION
WITH THE "RAID REGISTER" FEATURE OF DDT ($V).
REMEMBER, LETTERED ITEMS ARE FOR NEWIO ONLY!
[A] WHEN INPUTTING FROM A TTY USING THE TYI FUNCTION (AS OPPOSED TO
READ OR READLINE), NEWIO ARRANGES TO SET THE %TIACT BIT.
THE EFFECT OF THIS IS TO READ ANY CHARACTER IMMEDIATELY, EVEN
IF NO ACTIVATION CHARACTER HAS BEEN TYPED YET. THIS WILL
ALLEVIATE THE SCREW INVOLVING (STATUS TTY) FOR MOST PEOPLE.
[B] MANY PLACES IN NEWIO ARE NOW MUCH MORE CLEVER ABOUT UPDATING
THE CHARPOS AND LINENUM OF A TTY OUTPUT FILE WHEN INPUT HAS
BEEN DONE ON THE ASSOCIATED TTY. IN PARTICULAR, THE TYI
FUNCTION AND THE PRE-SCAN FUNCTION FOR READ BOTH UPDATE THINGS
CORRECTLY. THE VARIOUS DDT TYPEOUT HACKS ALSO ARRANGE TO
UPDATE THINGS CORRECTLY.
[C] THE VARIABLES TYI AND TYO NOW COME INITIALIZED RESPECTIVELY TO
THE INITIAL TTY INPUT AND OUTPUT FILE OBJECTS. T STILL WORKS
AS AN ARGUMENT TO MOST I/O FUNCTIONS, BUT TO AVOID AMBIGUITIES
USE THE OBJECTS IN TYI AND TYO. ALSO, SEVERAL PLACES IN NEWIO
WHICH USED TO SUPPLY A T FOR A FILE OBJECT NOW SUPPLY THE TTY
FILE OBJECT ITSELF, PARTICULARLY THE PLACE THAT SUPPLIES ARGUMENTS
TO INTERRUPT FUNCTION.
[D] NEWIO NOW UNDERSTANDS THAT IF THE VARIABLE READ IS NON-NIL IT IS
A USER READ FUNCTION. THE LOAD FUNCTION, WHEN LOADING AN EXPR FILE,
USES THIS USER READ FUNCTION ALSO.
[E] MORE FOR DDT HACKERS: SINCE THE ↑H BREAK WAS RENAMED THE ↑B BREAK
IN NEWIO, THE HH$X HACK IS CALLED BB$X IN NEWIO.
[F] IF AN INPUT TTY IS OPEN IN 12-BIT MODE, THE DEFAULT READ PRE-SCAN
FUNCTION TRIES TO THROW AWAY INTERRUPT CHARACTERS. THIS IS SO
THAT TOP CHARACTERS CAN GO THROUGH AS ALPHABETICS, WITHOUT LETTING
CONTROL CHARACTERS CONFUSE THE READER.
IT HAS ALWAYS BEEN TRUE THAT IF A TTY INPUT INTERRUPT FUNCTION WAS
REALLY A NUMBER, THEN IT MEANT THAT THE "INTERNAL" INTERRUPT
ACTION SPECIFIED BY THAT NUMBER WAS TO BE TAKEN; FURTHERMORE,
IF THE 200 OR 400 BIT WAS SET IN THE NUMBER, THE CTRL OR META
BIT WAS REQUIRED TO BE PRESENT IN THE TYPED CHARACTER (THIS
WAS SO THAT CTRL/G WOULD QUIT BUT "PI" WOULD NOT, FOR INSTANCE).
A NEW TWIST IS THAT THE 200000000 AND 400000000 (200 AND 400 IN THE
LEFT HALF) BITS REQUIRE THE ABSENCE OF THE CTRL AND META BITS
IN THE TYPED CHARACTER FOR THE INTERRUPT ACTION TO TAKE PLACE.
THUS, FOR EXAMPLE:
(SSTATUS TTYINT 7 207) ;CTRL/G AND META/CTRL/G QUIT
(SSTATUS TTYINT 7 607) ;ONLY META/CTRL/G QUITS
(SSTATUS TTYINT 7 400000207) ;CTRL/G QUITS, BUT NOT META/CTRL/G
(SSTATUS TTYINT 600000007) ;"PI" QUITS, BUT NOT CTRL/G OR META/CTRL/G
[G] MAR INTERRUPT FEATURE
AT LONG LAST, THE MAR BREAK IS AVAILABLE TO THE LISP USER!
THIS IS A FEATURE WHICH DETECTS WHEN A GIVEN MEMORY LOCATION IS
REFERENCED AND GIVES AN INTERRUPT.
[F1] THE VARIABLE MAR-BREAK, IF NON-NIL, IS A USER INTERRUPT
FUNCTION WHICH IS CALLED WHEN THE MAR BREAK IS FIRED.
IT TAKES ONE ARGUMENT WHICH PRESENTLY IS ALWAYS NIL.
[F2] (STATUS MAR) AND (SSTATUS MAR)
TO "ARM" THE MAR BREAK, IT IS NECESSARY TO SAY
(SSTATUS MAR N LOC)
WHERE N CONTROLS WHEN THE MAR IS FIRED, AND LOC IS
THE PLACE TO MONITOR. N MAY TAKE ON THE FOLLOWING VALUES:
0 TURN OFF THE MAR FEATURE
1 BREAK ON INSTRUCTION FETCH
2 BREAK ON WRITE
3 BREAK ON ALL REFERENCES
ON THE KL-10, THESE ADDITIONAL VALUES ARE REPUTED TO WORK:
10 BREAK ON DATA READ
11 BREAK ON READ AND FETCH
12 BREAK ON READ AND WRITE, BUT NOT FETCH
13 BREAK ON FETCH AND WRITE, BUT NOT READ
THE 4 BIT (EXEC VS. USER MODE) IS IGNORED (USER IS FORCED).
LOC IS ANY S-EXPRESSION; THAT CELL IS THE ONE MONITORED.
THUS (SETQ FOO (LIST 'A 'B)) (SSTATUS MAR 2 FOO)
WILL TRIP THE MAR BREAK IF THE LIST CELL IN FOO IS EVER
RPLACA'D OR RPLACD'D. AS AN EXAMPLE:
(DEFUN MAR-TRACER (X)
(TERPRI)
(PRINC '|NOW THE VARIABLE |)
(PRIN1 THE-MAR-VARIABLE)
(PRINC '| HAS THE VALUE |)
(PRIN1 (SYMEVAL THE-MAR-VARIABLE))
(SSTATUS MAR 2 (GET THE-MAR-VARIABLE 'VALUE)))
(SETQ MAR-BREAK 'MAR-TRACER)
(DEFUN MAR FEXPR (X)
(SETQ THE-MAR-VARIABLE (CAR X))
;; MAKE SURE THE VARIABLE HAS A VALUE CELL
(COND ((NOT (BOUNDP THE-MAR-VARIABLE))
(SET THE-MAR-VARIABLE NIL)))
(SSTATUS MAR 2 (GET THE-MAR-VARIABLE 'VALUE)))
(DEFUN UNMAR () (SSTATUS MAR 0 NIL))
(MAR QUUX)
(SETQ QUUX 5)
NOW QUUX HAS THE VALUE 5
(DO ((QUUX 0 (+ QUUX 1))) ((= QUUX 2)) (HACK QUUX))
NOW QUUX HAS THE VALUE 0
NOW QUUX HAS THE VALUE 1
NOW QUUX HAS THE VALUE 2
NOW QUUX HAS THE VALUE 5
NIL
(STATUS MAR) RETURNS A 2-LIST DESCRIBING THE CURRENT STATE
OF THE MAR, OR NIL IF THE MAR IS NOT IN USE. NOTE THAT
USING THE MAR FROM DDT WILL NOT CONFUSE LISP, AND LISP
TRIES NOT TO CONFUSE DDT. IF LISP IS NOT USING THE MAR,
THEN IT DOESN'T EVEN TAKE THE MAR INTERRUPT FROM ITS,
AND SO DDT CAN TRAP IT.
[F3] THE SUSPEND FUNCTION DOES ITS BEST TO SAVE AND RESTORE
THE STATE OF THE MAR.
[F4] WHEN A ↑G FORCES A QUIT BACK TO TOP LEVEL, THE MAR BREAK
IS DISABLED DURING THE UNBINDING OF VARIABLES, AND
RE-ENABLED AFTERWARDS. THIS IS BECAUSE DURING A QUIT
LISP IS NOT IN A GOOD STATE FOR RUNNING USER INTERRUPTS.
[H] OTHER NEW USER INTERRUPTS
[G1] TTY-RETURN, IF NON-NIL, IS A USER INTERRUPT FUNCTION
WHICH IS RUN WHENEVER THE TTY IS GIVEN TO THE LISP JOB.
(THIS IS DRIVEN BY THE %PIATY BIT IN ITS.)
THIS IS USEFUL FOR TELLING LISP THAT SOME OTHER JOB
MAY HAVE MESSED UP THE SCREEN DISPLAY.
THE ARGUMENT TO THE FUNCTION IS PRESENTLY ALWAYS NIL.
[G2] SYS-DEATH, IF NON-NIL, IS A USER INTERRUPT FUNCTION
WHICH IS RUN WHENEVER THE STATE OF THE SYSTEM IS GOING
DOWN, BEING REVIVED, OR BEGIN DEBUGGED.
(THIS IS DRIVEN BY THE %PIDWN AND %PIDBG BITS IN ITS.)
THE ARGUMENT TO THE FUNCTION IS PRESENTLY ALWAYS NIL.
USEFUL IN CONJUNCTION WITH THIS INTERRUPT IS (STATUS ITS).
THIS RETURNS A LIST OF FIVE NUMBERS:
(1) THE TIME, IN SECONDS, UNTIL THE SYSTEM GOES DOWN,
AS A FLONUM, -1.0 IF THE SYSTEM DOES NOT PLAN
TO GO DOWN, OR -2.0 IF THE SYSTEM IS ALREADY DOWN.
(2) A FIXNUM, NON-ZERO IF THE SYSTEM IS BEING DEBUGGED.
(3) THE NUMBER OF USERS ON THE SYSTEM, AS A FIXNUM.
(4) THE NUMBER OF MEMORY ERRORS THE SYSTEM HAS SURVIVED.
(5) THE TIME IN SECONDS THE SYSTEM HAS BEEN UP,
AS A FLONUM.
THIS INFORMATION COMES FROM THE ITS "SSTATU" SYSTEM CALL.
[G3] MACHINE-ERROR, IF NON-NIL, IS A USER INTERRUPT FUNCTION
WHICH IS RUN WHENEVER A MEMORY PROTECTION VIOLATION,
WRITE INTO READ-ONLY MEMORY, ILLEGAL OPERATION, OR
PARITY ERROR OCCURS. THE FUNCTION RECEIVES TWO ARGUMENTS:
THE FIRST IS THE PROGRAM COUNTER WHEN THE ERROR OCCURRED
(NOT THE MEMORY LOCATION OF THE ERROR!), AND THE SECOND
IS A SYMBOL DESCRIBING THE TYPE OF ERROR:
EXAMINE ATTEMPT TO REFERENCE NON-EXISTENT MEMORY
DEPOSIT WRITE INTO READ-ONLY MEMORY
EVAL ILLEGAL OPERATION
ODDP PARITY ERROR
NOTE THAT THE LISP SYSTEM MAY INTERCEPT SOME OCCURRENCES
OF THESE ERRORS, SINCE THEY CAN BE USED FOR VARIOUS
SHARED-MEMORY HACKS.
IF THE USER INTERRUPT FUNCTION EVER RETURNS, THE PROGRAM
IS RESUMED AT THE PROGRAM COUNTER AS OF THE ERROR;
THAT IS, THE ERRONEOUS OPERATION IS RETRIED. BEWARE
OF LOOPS! IT IS EXPECTED THAT THE INTERRUPT FUNCTION WILL
NORMALLY ERROR OUT.
IF NO USER INTERRUPT FUNCTION IS SUPPLIED, LISP WILL
BEHAVE AS IT ALWAYS HAS, AND ERROR OUT TO TOP LEVEL.
THE NEXT FEATURE IS AVAILABLE IN ALL BIBOP LISPS, WHETHER OLDIO OR NEWIO.
[4] HUNKS PACKAGE
THE HUNKS PACKAGE PROVIDES LISP WITH A KIND OF "RECORD" OR
"SMALL VECTOR" FEATURE. THE HUNK DATA TYPE INTERACTS SMOOTHLY
WITH THE LIST DATA TYPE TO PROVIDE SOME INTERESTING CAPABILITIES.
[5A] A NEW DATA TYPE IS INTRODUCED INTO LISP, THE "HUNK".
HUNKS ARE SHORT VECTORS OF S-EXPRESSIONS. IN THE CURRENT
IMPLEMENTATION THERE ARE ACTUALLY SEVERAL SPACES OF
FOR HUNKS, VARIOUSLY CALLED HUNK4, HUNK8, HUNK16, ETC.
THESE WILL BE EXPLAINED IN DETAIL BELOW. IN SOME
CONTEXTS ORDINARY LIST CELLS ARE CONSIDERED TO BE HUNKS
OF LENGTH 2. HUNKS ARE NOT CONSIDERED TO BE ATOMS;
(ATOM H) RETURNS NIL FOR ANY HUNK H.
[5B] (HUNKP X) IS A PREDICATE WHICH RETURNS T IFF X IS A HUNK.
IN THIS CONTEXT A LIST CELL IS NOT CONSIDERED TO BE A HUNK.
(CXR N H) RETURNS THE N'TH ELEMENT OF THE HUNK H.
(CXR 0 H) IS EQUIVALENT TO (CAR H), AND (CXR 1 H)
IS EQUIVALENT TO (CDR H); IN FACT, THE CAR AND CDR
FUNCTIONS MAY BE USED ON HUNKS AS WELL AS ON LISTS.
(RPLACX N H Z) REPLACES THE N'TH COMPONENT OF H WITH Z.
THE VALUE OF RPLACX IS ITS (MODIFIED) SECOND ARGUMENT.
THUS (RPLACX 0 H Z) IS EQUIVALENT TO (RPLACA H Z),
AND (RPLACX 1 H Z) IS EQUIVALENT TO (RPLACD H Z).
(HUNK N) CREATES A HUNK OF SIZE N AND RETURNS IT.
(HUNK 0) RETURNS NIL, AND (HUNK 1) OR (HUNK 2)
RETURNS A LIST CELL. ALL COMPONENTS ARE INITIALIZED
TO NIL. THE COMPONENTS ARE NUMBERED FROM 0 TO N-1.
(HUNKIFY A0 A2 ... AN-1) IS EQUIVALENT TO
((LAMBDA (H)
(RPLACX 0 A0)
...
(RPLACX N-1 AN-1))
(HUNK N))
THAT IS, IT CREATES A HUNK WHOSE COMPONENTS ARE THE
ARGUMENTS TO HUNKIFY. NOTE THAT, AS FUNNY BOUNDARY
CASES, (HUNKIFY) RETURNS NIL, AND (HUNKIFY X)
IS THE SAME AS (NCONS X).
(HUNKSIZE H) RETURNS THE NUMBER OF COMPONENTS IN
THE HUNK H. HUNKSIZE OF A LIST CELL IS 2; HUNKSIZE
OF NIL IS 0.
[5C] EQUAL WILL COMPARE HUNKS BY DOING A RECURSIVE
COMPONENT BY COMPONENT COMPARISON. SXHASH WILL
COMPUTE THE HASH ON THE BASIS OF ALL COMPONENTS.
[5D] HUNKS ARE PRINTED USING AN EXTENSION TO DOT NOTATION
SUGGESTED BY RMS. SINCE LIST CELLS ARE CONSIDERED TO
BE 2-HUNKS, AND ARE PRINTED AS (CAR . CDR), THE RESULT
OF (HUNKIFY A0 A1 A2 +++ AN-2 AN-1) IS PRINTED AS
(A0 . A2 . A3 . +++ . AN-2 . AN-1 . A1), WHERE "+++"
IS USED AS AN ELLIPSIS TO AVOID CONFUSION WITH THE
DOT NOTATION. THUS WE HAVE:
(HUNKIFY 0) => (0)
(HUNKIFY 0 1) => (0 . 1)
(HUNKIFY 0 1 2) => (0 . 2 . 1)
(HUNKIFY 0 1 2 3) => (0 . 2 . 3 . 1)
THE REASON FOR THE STRANGE PLACEMENT OF A1 IS SO THAT
THE CDR WILL BE LAST. THIS MAY SEEM RATHER KLUDGY, BUT
ACTUALLY LENDS ITSELF TO CERTAIN ELEGANT EXTENSIONS.
ONE IS A GENERAL EXTENSION OF THIS DOT NOTATION TO LIST
NOTATION. AS AN EXAMPLE, CONSIDER:
(A B . C . D E . F G H I . J . K)
THIS IS HOW PRINT WOULD REPRESENT THE RESULT OF:
(HUNKIFY 'A
(HUNKIFY 'B
(HUNKIFY 'E
(HUNKIFY 'G
(HUNKIFY 'H
(HUNKIFY 'I
'K
'J)))
'F)
'C
'D))
THE BASIC IDEA IS THAT CONSECUTIVE ITEMS SEPARATED BY DOTS
ALL BELONG TO THE SAME HUNK; ITEMS SEPARATED ONLY BY SPACES
BELONG TO DIFFERENT HUNKS, AND THE SECOND HUNK IS THE CDR
(I.E. THE (CXR 1)) OF THE FIRST HUNK. ANOTHER WAY TO THINK
ABOUT IT IS TO REPLACE THE TWO PARENS BY SUPER-BRACKETS,
AND THEN BETWEEN TWO ITEMS SEPARATED BY SPACE BUT NOT DOT
INSERT ".(". NOTE THAT THE DEFINITION OF (HUNKIFY X)
AS (NCONS X) CAUSES THE BOUNDARY CONDITION AT THE END OF
THE LIST TO WIN.
AS A SPECIAL CASE, IF THE CDR OF A HUNK (OTHER THAN A LIST
CELL) IS NIL, THAT NIL MAY BE ELIDED (BUT THE PRECEDING DOT
MAY NOT BE ELIDED!). THUS:
(HUNKIFY 1 (HUNKIFY 2 NIL 3 4) 5) => (1 . 5 2 . 3 . 4 .)
(HUNKIFY 'A
(HUNKIFY 'B
(HUNKIFY 'C
NIL
'D)
'E)
'F) => (A . F B . E C . D .)
MAYBE EVENTUALLY READ WILL KNOW HOW TO READ THESE IN.
[5E] MOST OTHER FUNCTIONS WHICH OPERATE ON LIST STRUCTURE
WILL TREAT HUNKS AS LIST CELLS, USING ONLY THE FIRST
TWO POINTERS. (IN PARTICULAR, SUBST AND SUBLIS DO
NOT PRESENTLY KNOW ANYTHING SPECIAL ABOUT HUNKS;
HENCE (SUBST NIL NIL H) WILL NOT COPY A HUNK!)
EVAL ALSO TREATS HUNKS AS LIST CELLS; THUS THE EXPRESSION
(PLUS . FIXNUM . SIMP 1 2 3)
EVALUATES TO 6, IGNORING "FIXNUM" AND "SIMP".
IMAGINE THE POSSIBILITIES FOR HACKING!
[5F] (STATUS FEATURE HUNK) IS NON-NIL IFF LISP HAS THE HUNK STUFF.
[5G] (STATUS SPCNAMES) WILL INCLUDE THE NAMES OF ALL THE ACTUAL
SPACES. IN THE CURRENT IMPLEMENTATION HUNKS HAVE SPACES
FOR HUNKS OF VARIOUS POWERS OF TWO IN SIZE, NAMELY 4., 8.,
16., ... UP TO SOME LIMIT (PROBABLY 16., THOUGH IT IS AN
ASSEMBLY PARAMETER I CAN CHANGE IF ANYONE NEEDS IT).
A HUNK OF 11. POINTERS IS MADE USING ONE OF 16. POINTERS
AND MARKING 5. OF THEM AS UNUSED. IT IS PROBABLY NOT
A GOOD IDEA TO DEPEND ON THIS IMPLEMENTATION, AS ONE CAN
IMAGINE MORE HACKISH IMPLEMENTATIONS (BUDDY BLOCK, ETC.).
[5H] (STATUS GCSIZE), (STATUS GCMAX), (ALLOC T), AND SIMILAR
HACKS ALL KNOW ABOUT THE SPACE NAMES FOR HUNKS AS
RETURNED BY (STATUS SPCNAMES).
THIS LAST MESS IS IN NEWIO ONLY!
[I] HUMBLE PACKAGE FOR HACKING INFERIOR JOBS ON ITS
LIBLSP;HUMBLE FASL CONTAINS A COLLECTION OF PRIMITIVES FOR
HACKING INFERIOR JOBS FROM LISP. SOME LESS PRIMITIVE PACKAGES
WHICH USE HUMBLE ALSO EXIST; JLK IS A GOOD PERSON TO ASK.
[I1] THE FOLLOWING SPECIAL VARIABLES ARE SACRED TO HUMBLE:
CURRENT-JOB
THE-JOB-INPUT-CHANNEL
THE-JOB-OUTPUT-CHANNEL
THE-JOB-INPUT-CHANNEL-FILE-OBJECT
THE-JOB-OUTPUT-CHANNEL-FILE-OBJECT
THE USER OF HUMBLE NEED CONCERN HIMSELF ONLY WITH
CURRENT-JOB. IF NON-NIL, THIS IS THE JOB OBJECT FOR
THE CURRENT JOB. HUMBLE USES TWO I/O CHANNELS, WHICH
ARE USED TO SERVE THE CURRENT JOB.
JOB OBJECTS ARE SIMILAR TO NEWIO FILE OBJECTS. THEIR
FORMAT IS DOCUMENTED (AND SYMBOLS DEFINED) IN LISP;DEFNS >.
HUMBLE AND LISP MAINTAIN INTERNALLY A TABLE OF JOB OBJECTS
(KEPT AT LOCATION JOBTB). IF A JOB OBJECT IS EVER GARBAGE
COLLECTED, GC PRINTS A MESSAGE AND .UCLOSE'S THE JOB.
[I2] (CREATE-JOB <JOBINTFN> <CHNINTFN> <JNAME> <UNAME> <FOREIGN>)
CREATES A JOB OBJECT, AND MAKES IT CURRENT.
<JOBINTFN> AND <CHNINTFN> ARE THE INTERRUPT FUNCTIONS
TO BE USED IF AN INTERRUPT IS RECEIVED ON THE INFERIOR
OR ON THE I/O CHANNELS USED TO SERVICE INFERIORS,
RESPECTIVELY. THEY RECEIVE ONE ARGUMENT, THE JOB
OBJECT OR FILE OBJECT ASSOCIATED WITH THE INTERRUPT.
<UNAME> AND <FOREIGN> ARE OPTIONAL ARGUMENTS.
<UNAME> = NIL (DEFAULT) MEANS YOUR UNAME.
<FOREIGN> = T (NON-DEFAULT) MEANS REQUIRE FOREIGN JOB.
CREATE-JOB RETURNS A LIST OF TWO THINGS:
(1) ONE OF THE FOLLOWING ATOMS:
INFERIOR, REOWNED, FOREIGN
(2) THE NEWLY CREATED JOB OBJECT
IF <FOREIGN> WAS NON-NIL AND THE JOB WAS NOT FOUND,
NIL IS RETURNED.
[I3] (SELECT-JOB <JOB>) MAKES THE SPECIFIED JOB CURRENT IN THE
EXPECTED MODE (FOREIGN OR NOT), RETURNING VALUES AS FOR
CREATE-JOB.
[I4] (KILL-JOB) KILLS THE CURRENT JOB.
[I5] (LOAD-JOB <FILENAME>) OPENS UP FILE <FILENAME> (SPECIFIED
AS A NEWIO NAMELIST OR NAMESTRING) AND LOADS IT INTO TH
CURRENT JOB AS A BINARY PROGRAM (USES THE LOAD SYSTEM CALL).
RETURNS:
NIL WON!
BIN? FILE NOT BIN
FILE? FILE NOT FOUND
[I6] (JOB-USET-READ <NUM>) RETURNS VALUE OF USET VAR <NUM>,
OR NIL IF NO CURRENT JOB.
(JOB-USET-WRITE <NUM> <VAL>) WRITES USET VAR <NUM>,
THEN RETURNS T FOR SUCCESS OR NIL IF NO CURRENT JOB OR THE
CURRENT JOB IS FOREIGN. <NUM> SHOULD HAVE THE 400000 BIT SET.
[I7] (EXAMINE-JOB <LOC>) EXAMINES LOCATION <LOC> OF CURRENT JOB.
RETURNS NIL ON FAILURE (INDICATES BAD ERROR).
(DEPOSIT-JOB <LOC> <VAL>) DEPOSITS <VAL> IN <LOC> OF CURRENT JOB.
RETURNS NIL ON FAILURE (INDICATES BAD ERROR).
[I8] (*ATTY) DOES A .ATTY TO THE CURRENT JOB; (*DTTY) DOES A .DTTY.
BOTH RETURN T FOR SUCCESS AND NIL FOR FAILURE.
[I9] THERE EXIST PACKAGES OF MACROS AND HIGHER-LEVEL FUNCTIONS
FOR HACKING INFERIOR JOBS. SEE JLK OR RZ FOR IDEAS.
MONDAY, MARCH 22,1976 FM+6D.22H.2M.17S. LISP 1130 - GLS & JONL -
[1] (STATUS XUNAME) AND (STATUS XJNAME) NOW EXIST.
[2] FUNNY FORMAT DEFUN ALLOWS ARBITRARY PROPERTY NAMES
[3] PRIN1 DOES VERTICAL BAR AND LOOKAHEAD CLEVERNESS
[4] BREAK MAY TAKE ONE ARGUMENT, DEFAULTING THE SECOND TO T
[5] VALUE OF $P IS THE $P ATOM (NIL => NONE)
[6] *NOPOINT CONTROLS OUTPUT OF LEADING SUPRA-DECIMAL +
THE FOLLOWING CHANGES APPLY TO NEWIO ONLY:
[A] OPENI, OPENO, OPENA HAVE GONE AWAY
[B] (STATUS FILEMODE) RETURNS NIL IF GIVEN A CLOSED FILE.
[C] CLI-MESSAGE INTERRUPT HANDLER
[D] NEW FUNCTIONS: ALLFILES AND FRIENDS
[E] WHO-LINE STATUS CALLS
[F] (STATUS TTYTYPE <OUTPUT-TTY>) RETURNS TCTYP
[G] EXAMPLES OF KEYBOARD PRE-SCAN FUNCTIONS
----------------------------------------------------------------
[1] (STATUS XUNAME) AND (STATUS XJNAME) WERE ADDED AS AN
AUGMENTATION TO (STATUS UNAME) AND (STATUS JNAME).
[2] THE "FUNCTION NAME" IN A DEFUN FORM MAY BE A 3-LIST;
THE FIRST ELEMENT IS THE NAME, THE SECOND THE "EXPR"
PROPERTY NAME, AND THE THIRD THE "SUBR" PROPERTY NAME.
THAT IS, INSTEAD OF USING THE PROPERTY NAME "EXPR"
(OR "FEXPR"), THE INTERPRETER WILL USE THE PROPERTY NAME
WHICH IS THE SECOND ELEMENT, AND THE COMPILER WILL USE
THAT WHICH IS THE THIRD NAME. THE TYPE OF THE FUNCTION
IS STILL DETERMINED BY THE OPTIONAL FLAG "FEXPR"
AND WHETHER THE LAMBDA VARIABLE LIST IS ATOMIC.
EXAMPLE:
(DEFUN (FOO QEXPR QSUBR) (A B) ...)
IN THE INTERPRETER PUTS A LAMBDA EXPRESSION UNDER
THE "QEXPR" PROPERTY OF "FOO", AND IN THE COMPILER
COMPILES A SUBR OF TWO ARGUMENTS HEADED BY THE
LAP STATEMENT (LAP FOO QSUBR) INSTEAD OF
(LAP FOO SUBR).
[3] MOSTLY FOR AESTHETIC REASONS, PRIN1 IS NOW MORE CLEVER
ABOUT PRINTING ATOMS:
(A) IF PRIN1 THINKS VERTICAL BARS WILL LOOK NICER
THAN SLASHES, IT WILL USE THEM.
(B) IF IT LOOKS LIKE THE NEXT ATOM TO PRINT WILL
NOT FIT ON THE LINE, PRIN1 TRIES TO GET
A TERPRI IN BEFORE THE ATOM, THUS AVOIDING
SPLITTING AN ATOM ACROSS A NEWLINE.
THESE HEURISTICS MAY BECOME EVEN MORE CLEVER IN THE FUTURE.
PRINC DOES NOT USE ANY OF THESE HACKS. FLATSIZE USES
THE FIRST, BUT NOT THE SECOND.
[4] THE FORM (BREAK FOO) IS NOW THE SAME AS (BREAK FOO T).
[5] THE BREAK LOOP NO LONGER LOOKS FOR THE ATOM ≠P.
INSTEAD, IT LOOKS FOR THE ATOM WHICH IS THE VALUE
OF THE ATOM ≠P, WHICH IS INITIALLY SET TO '≠P, SO IT
WORKS AS BEFORE BHY DEFAULT. IF ≠P IS NIL, THEN NO
ATOM WILL SERVE THE ≠P FUNCTION.
[6] IF BASE IS GREATER THAN 10., *NOPOINT IF NON-NIL
WILL SUPPRESS THE + WHICH NORMALLY PRECEDES POSITIVE
SUPRA-DECIMAL NUMBERS. FOR BASE = 10., *NOPOINT
STILL SUPPRESSES THE TRAILING DECIMALLL POINT.
THE FOLLOWING CHANGES APPLY TO NEWIO ONLY:
[A] OPENI, OPENO, OPENA HAVE GONE AWAY. USE OPEN
WITH THE "IN", "OUT", OR "APPEND" OPTION IN THE
SECOND ARGUMENT.
[B] (STATUS FILEMODE <FILE>) RETURNS NIL FOR A CLOSED FILE.
FOR OPEN FILES, IT OPERATES AS IT ALWAYS HAS.
FOR A NON-FILE, IT GIVES A WRNG-TYPE-ARG ERROR.
[C] THE ATOM "CLI-MESSAGE" HAS AS ITS VALUE THE USER
INTERRUPT FUNCTION FOR THE CLI DEVICE INTERRUPT.
THE FUNCTION GETS A SINGLE ARGUMENT OF NIL.
IT SHOULD OPEN THE "CLA:" DEVICE IN RESPONSE TO
THE INTERRUPT IN ORDER TOP READ THE MESSAGE.
ONE OF THE OPTIONS IN OPEN'S SECOND ARGUMENT SHOULD
BE "CLA" (AS OPPOSED TO "DSK" OR "TTY"); THIS CAUSES
OPEN TO READ THE FIRST TWO WORDS OF THE FILE AND USE
THEM AS THE FILE NAMES FOR THE TRUENAME FUNCTION. THE
CLA: FILE SHOULD BE OPENED IN BLOCK MODE FOR THIS PURPOSE.
THE DEFAULT CLI-MESSAGE FUNCTION IS NIL, I.E. IGNORE
THE INTERRUPTS.
[D] FOUR NEW FUNCTIONS (AUTOLOADABLE) NOW EXIST FOR LOOKING
AT FILE DIRECTORIES: ALLFILES, DIRECTORY, MAPALLFILES,
AND MAPDIRECTORY.
(ALLFILES X) TAKES A LIST OF NAMELISTS (AND NAMESTRINGS) X AND RETURNS A LIST
OF NAMELISTS IN THE FILE SYSTEM WHICH MATCH ELEMENTS OF X.
THERE IS NO GUARANTEE AS TO THE ORDERING OF THE FILES IN
THE RETURNED LIST. IF A SORTED LIST IS DESIRED, THE SORTCAR
FUNCTION SHOULD BE USED WITH AN APPROPRIATE PREDICATE.
NOTE WELL THAT X IS A *LIST* OF NAMELISTS, AND NOT JUST
A SINGLE NAMELIST; THIS IS AN INCOMPATIBILITY WITH THE ALLFILES
FUNCTION DESCRIBED IN THE MOONUAL.
EXAMPLE: (ALLFILES '(|GLS;ALLFIL| ((DSK TGQ) * SONG) |* BIN|))
RETURNS DESCRIPTORS FOR ALL FILES ON GLS'S DIRECTORY WITH
FIRST NAME "ALLFIL", ALL SONGS ON TGQ, AND ALL DSK FILES IN
ANY DIRECTORY WITH SECOND NAME "BIN".
(DIRECTORY X) IS LIKE (ALLFILES X), BUT INSTEAD OF
NAMELISTS IT RETURNS A LIST OF FILE DESCRIPTORS, WHERE
EACH DESCRIPTOR HAS A NAMELIST IN THE CAR AND A
PROPERTY LIST IN THE CDR. TYPICAL PROPERTIES ARE:
WORDS SIZE OF FILE IN PDP-10 WORDS
CHARACTERS SIZE OF FILE IN ASCII CHARACTERS
BITS SIZE IN BITS (TO BE IMPLEMENTED WHEN ITS SUPPORTS IT)
CREDATE DATE OF CREATION
CRETIME TIME OF CREATION
REFDATE DATE OF MOST RECENT REFERENCE
LINK NAME LINKED TO
PACK PACK NUMBER
UNDUMPED T IF FILE NOT YET BACKED UP ON MAGTAPE
NOREAP T IF NO REAP BIT IS SET
(DIRECTORY X PROPS) IS SIMILAR, BUT INCLUDES ONLY
THE PROPERTIES MENTIONED IN "PROPS" FOR EFFICIENCY.
AS A SPECIAL CASE, OMITTING "LINK" CAUSES LINKS NOT
TO BE INCLUDED AT ALL.
(MAPALLFILES FN X) IS LIKE (MAPC FN (ALLFILES X))
BUT DOESN'T HAVE TO CONS UP THE WHOLE LIST AT ONCE.
(MAPDIRECTORY FN X) AND (MAPDIRECTORY FN X PROPS)
ARE SIMILAR.
MATCHING:
AT PRESENT, THE ONLY MATCHING CAPABILITIES IN ALLFILES
ARE DIRECT NAME EQUALITY AND *, WHICH MATCHES ANYTHING.
* AS A DEVICE NAME IMPLIES DSK.
* AS A DIRECTORY NAME USES ALL DIRECTORIES FOR DSK,
AND THE DEFAULT DIRECTORY FOR ALL OTHER DEVICES.
IN THIS CONTEXT, AI, ML, MC, AND DM ARE *NOT* CONSIDERED
TO BE DSK DEVICES; BUT IN OTHER CONTEXTS THEY ARE.
[E] (SSTATUS WHO1 A B C D) SETS THE .WHO1 USER VARIABLE TO
<.BYTE 8 ? A ? B ? C ? D>
IN MIDAS TERMINOLOGY. A AND C MUST BE FIXNUMS; B AND D
MUST BE FIXNUMS WITH ASCII VALUES, OR CHARACTER OBJECTS.
(SSTATUS WHO2 X) AND (SSTATUS WHO3 X) SET THE .WHO2 AND
.WHO3 USER VARIABLES. X MAY BE A FIXNUM OR A SYMBOL;
IN THE LATTER CASE THE FIRST SIX CHARACTERS ARE USED TO
FORM A SIXBIT WORD.
THE .WHON USER VARIABLES CAUSE INFORMATION TO BE DISPLAYED
IN THE TERMINAL'S WHO-LINE.
THE MEANING OF A, B, C, AND D IS AS FOLLOWS:
VAR BITS MEANING
A 200 IF 1, SUPPRESS ENTIRE WHO-LINE
100 SUPPRESS SPACE BETWEEN HALVES OF .WHO2
70 MODE FOR PRINTING LEFT HALF OF .WHO2
0 DO NOT PRINT
1 DATE IN PACKED FORM:
774000 YEAR MOD 100.
3600 MONTH (1=JANUARY)
174 DAY OF MONTH
2 TIME IN FORTIETHS OF A SECOND,
PRINTED AS HH:MM:SS.T
3 TIME IN HALF-SECONDS,
PRINTED AS HH:MM:SS
4 OCTAL HALFWORD
5 DECIMAL HALFWORD (NO . SUPPLIED)
6 THREE SIXBIT CHARACTERS
7 UNUSED
7 MODE FOR RIGHT HALF OF .WHO2
B 177 IF NON-ZERO, PRINT BETWEEN HALVES OF
.WHO2 AS AN ASCII CHARACTER
200 IF 1, PRINT CHAR TWICE
C 200 IF 1, SUPPRESS SPACE BETWEEN .WHO2
PRINTOUT AND .WHO3 PRINTOUT
OTHERWISE LIKE A, BUT FOR .WHO3.
D LIKE B, BUT FOR .WHO3.
THAT IS, IF THE WHO-LINE IS PRINTED AT ALL, WHAT APPEARS
AT THE END IS THE CHARACTERS:
IIIIXX-JJJJ=KKKKYY+LLLL
WHERE:
IIII IS THE RESULT OF PRINTING THE LEFT HALF
OF .WHO2 AS SPECIFIED BY A'S 70 BITS.
JJJJ RIGHT HALF OF .WHO2, BY A'S 7 BITS.
KKKK LEFT HALF OF .WHO3, BY C'S 70 BITS.
LLLL RIGHT HALF OF .WHO3, BY C'S 7 BITS.
XX ZERO TO TWO CHARACTERS, SPECIFIED BY B.
YY ZERO TO TWO CHARACTERS, SPECIFIED BY D.
- SPACE, UNLESS A'S 100 BIT IS 1.
= SPACE, UNLESS C'S 200 BIT IS 1.
+ SPACE, UNLESS C'S 100 BIT IS 1.
EXAMPLE:
(SSTATUS WHO1 166 0 144 '/!)
(SSTATUS WHO2 'FOOBAR)
(SSTATUS WHO3 (+ (LSH 1234 22) 3456))
CAUSES "FOOBAR 1234!5678" TO APPEAR IN THE WHO-LINE.
THE STATUS FORMS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
(STATUS WHO1) RETURNS A LIST OF FOUR FIXNUMS.
(STATUS WHO2) AND (STATUS WHO3) RETURN FIXNUMS.
[F] (STATUS TTYTYPE <OUTPUT-TTY>) RETURNS THE TCTYP VARIABLE
FOR THE SPECIFIED OUTPUT TTY (IF OMITTED, THIS DEFAULTS
TO T, THE STANDARD OUTPUT TTY). THIS IS THE EXTENSION
IN NEWIO TO OLDIO'S SETTING OF THE VARIABLE "TTY".
FOR COMPATIBILITY, WHEN IT STARTS UP, NEWIO LISP DOES
(SETQ TTY (STATUS TTYTYPE T)).
POSSIBLE VALUES ARE:
0 PRINTING CONSOLE
1 GOOD DATAPOINT
2 "LOSER" DATAPOINT
3 IMLAC
4 TEKTRONIX 4000 SERIES (FORMERLY ARDS)
5 PDP-11 (KNIGHT) TV DISPLAY
6 MEMOREX (FORMERLY HORIZONTAL ARDS)
7 SOFTWARE TTY
10 TERMINET
11 TTY USING ASCII STANDARD DISPLAY SEQUENCES
IN GENERAL, IT IS BETTER NOT TO USE THIS STATUS FUNCTION,
BUT RATHER TO SAY (STATUS FILEMODE <OUTPUT-TTY>) AND
LOOK FOR FLAGS SUCH AS "RUBOUT" AND "CURSORPOS".
[G] EXAMPLES OF KEYBOARD PRE-SCAN FUNCTIONS.
(1) THE KEYBOARD PRE-SCAN FUNCTION IS THE ONE SET BY
(SSTATUS TTYSCAN ...). IT IS THE FUNCTION WHICH HANDLES
RUBOUT AND ↑L PROCESSING. AS AN EXAMPLE, THE FUNCTION
GIVEN HERE IS A VERY CLOSE APPROXIMATION TO THE DEFAULT
PROVIDED BY LISP.
------------------------------------------------------------
SAMPLE TTY PRESCAN FUNCTION -- APPROXIMATELY THE ONE IN LISP
------------------------------------------------------------
(DECLARE (MAPEX))
(DEFUN CONSTANT MACRO (X)
(LIST 'DEFUN (CADR X) 'MACRO '(X) (LIST 'QUOTE (CADDR X))))
(DEFUN LOGAND MACRO (X) (CONS 'BOOLE (CONS '1 (CDR X))))
(DEFUN LOGOR MACRO (X) (CONS 'BOOLE (CONS '7 (CDR X))))
(DEFUN LOGCLR MACRO (X) (CONS 'BOOLE (CONS '4 (CDR X))))
(DEFUN PUSH MACRO (X) (LIST 'SETQ (CADDR X) (LIST 'CONS (CADR X) (CADDR X))))
(DEFUN POP MACRO (X)
(LIST 'PROG2 NIL
(LIST 'CAR (CADR X))
(LIST 'SETQ (CADR X) (LIST 'CDR (CADR X)))))
(CONSTANT TOP 4000) ;NAMES OF BITS FOR KNIGHT KEYBOARDS
(CONSTANT SHIFTLOCK 2000)
(CONSTANT SHIFT 1000)
(CONSTANT META 400)
(CONSTANT CTRL 200)
(CONSTANT ASCII-BITS 177)
(CONSTANT ↑K 13) ;VARIOUS ASCII CHARACTERS
(CONSTANT ↑L 14)
(CONSTANT ↑M 15)
(CONSTANT SPACE 40)
(CONSTANT OPEN-PAREN 50)
(CONSTANT VERTICAL-BAR 174)
(CONSTANT PSEUDOSPACE 203) ;A FAKE SPACE (INTERNAL TO LISP)
(CONSTANT SLASH-SYNTAX 2000) ;BITS IN READER SYNTAX TABLE
(CONSTANT ALTERNATE-SYNTAX 40)
(CONSTANT OPEN-SYNTAX 40000)
(CONSTANT CLOSE-SYNTAX 10000)
(CONSTANT RUBOUT-SYNTAX 1000)
(CONSTANT FORCE-FEED 1000) ;WITH ALTERNATE-SYNTAX
(CONSTANT SPACE-SYNTAX 100000)
(CONSTANT SINGLE-SYNTAX 200000)
(CONSTANT MACRO-SYNTAX 4000)
(CONSTANT WORTHY-SYNTAX 277237) ;"WORTHY" CHARACTERS
(CONSTANT SLASH-FLAG 400000)
(CONSTANT STRING-BEGIN-FLAG 200000)
(CONSTANT STRING-END-FLAG 100000)
(DEFUN TYI7 (IFILE)
((LAMBDA (CH)
(COND ((ZEROP (LOGAND (CTRL) CH)) CH)
((= CH (+ (CTRL) 177)) 177)
(T (LOGAND CH 37))))
(LOGCLR (TYI IFILE) (LOGOR (TOP) (SHIFTLOCK) (SHIFT) (META)))))
(DEFUN REPRINT (CHARS COUNT POS OFILE)
(DECLARE (FIXNUM COUNT))
(COND (OFILE
(AND POS (CURSORPOS (CAR POS) (CDR POS) OFILE))
(AND (PLUSP COUNT)
(DO ((I 0 (1+ I)))
((= I COUNT) (TYO (SPACE) OFILE))
(DECLARE (FIXNUM I))
(TYO (OPEN-PAREN) OFILE)))
(MAPCAR '(LAMBDA (CH) (TYO (LOGAND CH (ASCII-BITS)) OFILE)) CHARS))))
(DEFUN TTY-PRESCAN (IFILE FN PARENSCOUNT)
(DECLARE (FIXNUM PARENSCOUNT))
(PROG (USEFUL STARTPOS OFILE STRING-END BUFFER CH SYNTAX LINMODE TTYREAD COUNT)
(DECLARE (FIXNUM STRING-END CH SYNTAX COUNT))
(AND (SETQ OFILE (STATUS TTYCONS IFILE))
(SETQ STARTPOS (CURSORPOS OFILE)))
(SETQ LINMODE (STATUS LINMODE IFILE))
(SETQ TTYREAD (STATUS TTYREAD IFILE))
(SETQ COUNT PARENSCOUNT)
(SETQ STRING-END -1)
LOOP (SETQ SYNTAX (STATUS SYNTAX (SETQ CH (TYI7 IFILE))))
(COND ((= CH (↑M))
(COND ((EQ FN 'READLINE) (GO DONE))
(LINMODE
(OR (MINUSP STRING-END) (PUSH (PSEUDOSPACE) BUFFER))
(GO DONE)))))
(COND ((OR (= CH (↑K)) (= CH (↑L)))
(COND ((NULL OFILE) (GO LOOP))
(T (COND ((AND (= CH (↑L)) STARTPOS)
(CURSORPOS 'C OFILE))
(T (TERPRI OFILE)))
(SETQ STARTPOS (CURSORPOS OFILE))
(REPRINT (REVERSE BUFFER) PARENSCOUNT NIL OFILE)
(GO LOOP))))
((AND (NOT (EQ FN 'READLINE))
(PLUSP (LOGAND SYNTAX (SLASH-SYNTAX))))
(PUSH CH BUFFER)
(PUSH (LOGOR (SLASH-FLAG) (TYI7)) BUFFER)
(SETQ USEFUL T)
(GO LOOP))
((AND (PLUSP (LOGAND SYNTAX (RUBOUT-SYNTAX)))
(ZEROP (LOGAND SYNTAX (ALTERNATE-SYNTAX))))
(COND (BUFFER
(AND OFILE
(OR (RUBOUT (LOGCLR (SETQ CH (POP BUFFER))
(LOGOR (SLASH-FLAG)
(STRING-BEGIN-FLAG)
(STRING-END-FLAG)))
OFILE)
(REPRINT (REVERSE BUFFER) PARENSCOUNT STARTPOS OFILE)))
(COND ((PLUSP (LOGAND CH (SLASH-FLAG)))
(AND OFILE
(OR (RUBOUT (POP BUFFER) OFILE)
(REPRINT (REVERSE BUFFER) PARENSCOUNT STARTPOS OFILE))))
((NOT (MINUSP STRING-END))
(AND (PLUSP (LOGAND CH (STRING-BEGIN-FLAG)))
(SETQ STRING-END -1)))
((PLUSP (LOGAND CH (STRING-END-FLAG)))
(SETQ STRING-END (LOGAND CH (ASCII-BITS))))
((PLUSP (LOGAND (SETQ SYNTAX
(STATUS SYNTAX
(LOGCLR CH
(LOGOR (SLASH-FLAG)
(STRING-BEGIN-FLAG)
(STRING-END-FLAG)))))
(OPEN-SYNTAX)))
(SETQ COUNT (- COUNT 1)))
((PLUSP (LOGAND SYNTAX (CLOSE-SYNTAX)))
(SETQ COUNT (+ COUNT 1)))))
(T (AND OFILE (TERPRI OFILE))))
(GO LOOP))
((EQ FN 'READLINE)
(PUSH CH BUFFER)
(GO LOOP))
((NOT (MINUSP STRING-END))
(COND ((= CH STRING-END)
(PUSH (LOGOR CH (STRING-END-FLAG)) BUFFER)
(SETQ STRING-END -1))
(T (PUSH CH BUFFER)))
(GO LOOP))
((AND (PLUSP (LOGAND SYNTAX (FORCE-FEED)))
(PLUSP (LOGAND SYNTAX (ALTERNATE-SYNTAX))))
(GO DONE))
((PLUSP (LOGAND SYNTAX (SPACE-SYNTAX)))
(COND ((OR (PLUSP COUNT) (NOT USEFUL) LINMODE (NOT TTYREAD))
(PUSH CH BUFFER)
(GO LOOP))
(T (GO DONE))))
((PLUSP (LOGAND SYNTAX (SINGLE-SYNTAX)))
(COND ((OR (PLUSP COUNT) LINMODE (NOT TTYREAD))
(SETQ USEFUL T)
(PUSH CH BUFFER)
(GO LOOP))
(T (GO DONE))))
((PLUSP (LOGAND SYNTAX (MACRO-SYNTAX)))
((LAMBDA (MAC)
(COND ((EQ MAC '+INTERNAL-/;-MACRO)
(PUSH (LOGOR CH (STRING-BEGIN-FLAG)) BUFFER)
(SETQ STRING-END (↑M)))
((EQ MAC '+INTERNAL-/|-MACRO)
(PUSH (LOGOR CH (STRING-BEGIN-FLAG)) BUFFER)
(SETQ STRING-END (VERTICAL-BAR)))
(T (PUSH CH BUFFER))))
(CAR (STATUS MACRO (+ CH 0))))
(SETQ USEFUL T)
(GO LOOP))
((PLUSP (LOGAND SYNTAX (OPEN-SYNTAX)))
(SETQ COUNT (+ COUNT 1))
(SETQ USEFUL T)
(PUSH CH BUFFER)
(GO LOOP))
((PLUSP (LOGAND SYNTAX (CLOSE-SYNTAX)))
(COND ((OR (PLUSP COUNT) (NOT USEFUL) LINMODE (NOT TTYREAD))
(COND ((PLUSP (SETQ COUNT (- COUNT 1)))
(PUSH CH BUFFER)
(GO LOOP))
(T (GO DONE))))
(T (GO DONE))))
((PLUSP (LOGAND SYNTAX (WORTHY-SYNTAX)))
(PUSH CH BUFFER)
(SETQ USEFUL T)
(GO LOOP))
(T (PUSH CH BUFFER) (GO LOOP)))
DONE (AND OFILE
((LAMBDA (POS)
(LINENUM OFILE (CAR POS))
(CHARPOS OFILE (CDR POS)))
(CURSORPOS OFILE)))
(PUSH CH BUFFER)
(SETQ BUFFER (NREVERSE BUFFER))
(MAP '(LAMBDA (X)
(AND (PLUSP (LOGAND (CAR X) (LOGOR (SLASH-FLAG)
(STRING-BEGIN-FLAG)
(STRING-END-FLAG))))
(RPLACA X (LOGCLR (CAR X) (LOGOR (SLASH-FLAG)
(STRING-BEGIN-FLAG)
(STRING-END-FLAG))))))
BUFFER)
(RETURN BUFFER)))
AS AN EXAMPLE OF HOW YOU MIGHT CHANGE THIS, HERE IS A SLIGHT
MODIFICATION TO GIVE ONE THE "PARENS BALANCE WINDOW" PROPOSED
BY GREENBLATT:
-------------------------------------------------
TTY PRESCAN FUNCTION WITH PARENS BALANCING WINDOW
-------------------------------------------------
(DECLARE (ARGS 'CURSORPOS '(0 . 3))
(SPECIAL IFILE OFILE)
(DEFPROP TTYRE A STATUS)
(DEFPROP TTYSI A STATUS)
(DEFPROP TTYCO A STATUS)
(DEFPROP LINMO A STATUS)) ;FIX NCOMPL BUGS
(DECLARE (MAPEX T) (NEWIO T))
(DEFUN CONSTANT MACRO (X)
(LIST 'DEFUN (CADR X) 'MACRO '(X) (LIST 'QUOTE (CADDR X))))
(DEFUN LOGAND MACRO (X) (CONS 'BOOLE (CONS '1 (CDR X))))
(DEFUN LOGOR MACRO (X) (CONS 'BOOLE (CONS '7 (CDR X))))
(DEFUN LOGCLR MACRO (X) (CONS 'BOOLE (CONS '4 (CDR X))))
(DEFUN PUSH MACRO (X) (LIST 'SETQ (CADDR X) (LIST 'CONS (CADR X) (CADDR X))))
(DEFUN POP MACRO (X)
(LIST 'PROG2 NIL
(LIST 'CAR (CADR X))
(LIST 'SETQ (CADR X) (LIST 'CDR (CADR X)))))
(CONSTANT TOP 4000) ;NAMES OF BITS FOR KNIGHT KEYBOARDS
(CONSTANT SHIFTLOCK 2000)
(CONSTANT SHIFT 1000)
(CONSTANT META 400)
(CONSTANT CTRL 200)
(CONSTANT ASCII-BITS 177)
(CONSTANT ↑K 13) ;VARIOUS ASCII CHARACTERS
(CONSTANT ↑L 14)
(CONSTANT ↑M 15)
(CONSTANT SPACE 40)
(CONSTANT OPEN-PAREN 50)
(CONSTANT VERTICAL-BAR 174)
(CONSTANT PSEUDOSPACE 203) ;A FAKE SPACE (INTERNAL TO LISP)
(CONSTANT SLASH-SYNTAX 2000) ;BITS IN READER SYNTAX TABLE
(CONSTANT ALTERNATE-SYNTAX 40)
(CONSTANT OPEN-SYNTAX 40000)
(CONSTANT CLOSE-SYNTAX 10000)
(CONSTANT RUBOUT-SYNTAX 1000)
(CONSTANT FORCE-FEED 1000) ;WITH ALTERNATE-SYNTAX
(CONSTANT SPACE-SYNTAX 100000)
(CONSTANT SINGLE-SYNTAX 200000)
(CONSTANT MACRO-SYNTAX 4000)
(CONSTANT WORTHY-SYNTAX 277237) ;"WORTHY" CHARACTERS
(CONSTANT SLASH-FLAG 400000)
(CONSTANT STRING-BEGIN-FLAG 200000)
(CONSTANT STRING-END-FLAG 100000)
(DECLARE (FIXNUM (TYI7 NIL)))
(DEFUN TYI7 (IFILE)
((LAMBDA (CH)
(COND ((ZEROP (LOGAND (CTRL) CH)) CH)
((= CH (+ (CTRL) 177)) 177)
(T (LOGAND CH 37))))
(LOGCLR (TYI IFILE) (LOGOR (TOP) (SHIFTLOCK) (SHIFT) (META)))))
(DEFUN REPRINT (CHARS COUNT POS OFILE)
(DECLARE (FIXNUM COUNT))
(COND (OFILE
(AND POS (CURSORPOS (CAR POS) (CDR POS) OFILE))
(AND (PLUSP COUNT)
(DO ((I 0 (1+ I)))
((= I COUNT) (TYO (SPACE) OFILE))
(DECLARE (FIXNUM I))
(TYO (OPEN-PAREN) OFILE)))
(MAPCAR '(LAMBDA (CH) (TYO (LOGAND CH (ASCII-BITS)) OFILE)) CHARS))))
(DEFUN PROMPTER (BUFFER SIZE OFILE)
(AND OFILE
((LAMBDA (CHARS POS HAUMANY)
(CURSORPOS 0 (- (CDR SIZE) HAUMANY 5) OFILE)
(CURSORPOS 'L OFILE)
(DO ((I 0 (1+ I))
(L CHARS (CDR L)))
((OR (NULL L)
(= (CAR L) (↑M))
(= I HAUMANY)))
(DECLARE (FIXNUM I))
(TYO (LOGAND (CAR L) (ASCII-BITS))))
(CURSORPOS (CAR POS) (CDR POS) OFILE))
(DO ((X BUFFER (CDR X))
(N 0 ((LAMBDA (SYNTAX)
(COND (STRING N)
((PLUSP (LOGAND SYNTAX (OPEN-SYNTAX)))
(- N 1))
((PLUSP (LOGAND SYNTAX (CLOSE-SYNTAX)))
(+ N 1))
(T N)))
(STATUS SYNTAX (LOGAND (CAR X) (ASCII-BITS)))))
(STRING NIL (COND ((PLUSP (LOGAND (CAR X) (STRING-BEGIN-FLAG))) NIL)
((PLUSP (LOGAND (CAR X) (STRING-END-FLAG))) T)
(T STRING)))
(CHARS NIL (CONS (CAR X) CHARS)))
((OR (MINUSP N) (NULL X)) CHARS)
(DECLARE (FIXNUM N)))
(CURSORPOS OFILE)
(// (CDR SIZE) 2))))
(DEFUN TTY-PRESCAN (IFILE FN PARENSCOUNT)
(DECLARE (FIXNUM PARENSCOUNT))
(PROG (USEFUL STARTPOS OFILE STRING-END BUFFER CH SYNTAX LINMODE TTYREAD COUNT SIZE)
(DECLARE (FIXNUM STRING-END CH SYNTAX COUNT))
(COND ((SETQ OFILE (STATUS TTYCONS IFILE))
(SETQ STARTPOS (CURSORPOS OFILE))
(SETQ SIZE (STATUS TTYSIZE OFILE))))
(SETQ LINMODE (STATUS LINMODE IFILE))
(SETQ TTYREAD (STATUS TTYREAD IFILE))
(SETQ COUNT PARENSCOUNT)
(SETQ STRING-END -1)
LOOP (SETQ SYNTAX (STATUS SYNTAX (SETQ CH (TYI7 IFILE))))
(COND ((= CH (↑M))
(COND ((EQ FN 'READLINE) (GO DONE))
(LINMODE
(OR (MINUSP STRING-END) (PUSH (PSEUDOSPACE) BUFFER))
(GO DONE)))))
(COND ((OR (= CH (↑K)) (= CH (↑L)))
(COND ((NULL OFILE) (GO LOOP))
(T (COND ((AND (= CH (↑L)) STARTPOS)
(CURSORPOS 'C OFILE))
(T (TERPRI OFILE)))
(SETQ STARTPOS (CURSORPOS OFILE))
(REPRINT (REVERSE BUFFER) PARENSCOUNT NIL OFILE)
(PROMPTER BUFFER SIZE OFILE)
(GO LOOP))))
((AND (NOT (EQ FN 'READLINE))
(PLUSP (LOGAND SYNTAX (SLASH-SYNTAX))))
(PUSH CH BUFFER)
(PUSH (LOGOR (SLASH-FLAG) (TYI7 IFILE)) BUFFER)
(SETQ USEFUL T)
(GO LOOP))
((AND (PLUSP (LOGAND SYNTAX (RUBOUT-SYNTAX)))
(ZEROP (LOGAND SYNTAX (ALTERNATE-SYNTAX))))
(COND (BUFFER
(AND OFILE
(OR (RUBOUT (LOGCLR (SETQ CH (POP BUFFER))
(LOGOR (SLASH-FLAG)
(STRING-BEGIN-FLAG)
(STRING-END-FLAG)))
OFILE)
(REPRINT (REVERSE BUFFER) PARENSCOUNT STARTPOS OFILE)))
(COND ((PLUSP (LOGAND CH (SLASH-FLAG)))
(AND OFILE
(OR (RUBOUT (POP BUFFER) OFILE)
(REPRINT (REVERSE BUFFER) PARENSCOUNT STARTPOS OFILE))))
((NOT (MINUSP STRING-END))
(AND (PLUSP (LOGAND CH (STRING-BEGIN-FLAG)))
(SETQ STRING-END -1)))
((PLUSP (LOGAND CH (STRING-END-FLAG)))
(SETQ STRING-END (LOGAND CH (ASCII-BITS))))
((PLUSP (LOGAND (SETQ SYNTAX
(STATUS SYNTAX
(LOGCLR CH
(LOGOR (SLASH-FLAG)
(STRING-BEGIN-FLAG)
(STRING-END-FLAG)))))
(OPEN-SYNTAX)))
(PROMPTER BUFFER SIZE OFILE)
(SETQ COUNT (- COUNT 1)))
((PLUSP (LOGAND SYNTAX (CLOSE-SYNTAX)))
(PROMPTER BUFFER SIZE OFILE)
(SETQ COUNT (+ COUNT 1)))))
(T (AND OFILE (TERPRI OFILE))))
(GO LOOP))
((EQ FN 'READLINE)
(PUSH CH BUFFER)
(GO LOOP))
((NOT (MINUSP STRING-END))
(COND ((= CH STRING-END)
(PUSH (LOGOR CH (STRING-END-FLAG)) BUFFER)
(SETQ STRING-END -1))
(T (PUSH CH BUFFER)))
(GO LOOP))
((AND (PLUSP (LOGAND SYNTAX (FORCE-FEED)))
(PLUSP (LOGAND SYNTAX (ALTERNATE-SYNTAX))))
(GO DONE))
((PLUSP (LOGAND SYNTAX (SPACE-SYNTAX)))
(COND ((OR (PLUSP COUNT) (NOT USEFUL) LINMODE (NOT TTYREAD))
(PUSH CH BUFFER)
(PROMPTER BUFFER SIZE OFILE)
(GO LOOP))
(T (GO DONE))))
((PLUSP (LOGAND SYNTAX (SINGLE-SYNTAX)))
(COND ((OR (PLUSP COUNT) LINMODE (NOT TTYREAD))
(SETQ USEFUL T)
(PUSH CH BUFFER)
(GO LOOP))
(T (GO DONE))))
((PLUSP (LOGAND SYNTAX (MACRO-SYNTAX)))
((LAMBDA (MAC)
(COND ((EQ MAC '+INTERNAL-/;-MACRO)
(PUSH (LOGOR CH (STRING-BEGIN-FLAG)) BUFFER)
(SETQ STRING-END (↑M)))
((EQ MAC '+INTERNAL-/|-MACRO)
(PUSH (LOGOR CH (STRING-BEGIN-FLAG)) BUFFER)
(SETQ STRING-END (VERTICAL-BAR)))
(T (PUSH CH BUFFER))))
(CAR (STATUS MACRO (+ CH 0))))
(SETQ USEFUL T)
(GO LOOP))
((PLUSP (LOGAND SYNTAX (OPEN-SYNTAX)))
(SETQ COUNT (+ COUNT 1))
(SETQ USEFUL T)
(PUSH CH BUFFER)
(PROMPTER BUFFER SIZE OFILE)
(GO LOOP))
((PLUSP (LOGAND SYNTAX (CLOSE-SYNTAX)))
(COND ((OR (PLUSP COUNT) (NOT USEFUL) LINMODE (NOT TTYREAD))
(COND ((PLUSP (SETQ COUNT (- COUNT 1)))
(PUSH CH BUFFER)
(PROMPTER BUFFER SIZE OFILE)
(GO LOOP))
(T (GO DONE))))
(T (GO DONE))))
((PLUSP (LOGAND SYNTAX (WORTHY-SYNTAX)))
(PUSH CH BUFFER)
(SETQ USEFUL T)
(GO LOOP))
(T (PUSH CH BUFFER) (GO LOOP)))
DONE (AND OFILE
((LAMBDA (POS)
(LINENUM OFILE (CAR POS))
(CHARPOS OFILE (CDR POS)))
(CURSORPOS OFILE)))
(PUSH CH BUFFER)
(SETQ BUFFER (NREVERSE BUFFER))
(MAP '(LAMBDA (X)
(AND (PLUSP (LOGAND (CAR X) (LOGOR (SLASH-FLAG)
(STRING-BEGIN-FLAG)
(STRING-END-FLAG))))
(RPLACA X (LOGCLR (CAR X) (LOGOR (SLASH-FLAG)
(STRING-BEGIN-FLAG)
(STRING-END-FLAG))))))
BUFFER)
(PROMPTER NIL SIZE OFILE)
(RETURN BUFFER)))
(SSTATUS TTYSCAN 'TTY-PRESCAN)
WEDNESDAY JUNE 11,1975 NM+2D.17H.37M.36S. LISP 1076 - GLS -
TRY NEWIO!
BRIEF SYNOPSIS:
FOR ALL LISPS:
[1] PRIN1, PRINC, AND PRINT NOW ALWAYS RETURN T
[2] NEW FUNCTION: PROGV DOES DYNAMIC VARIABLE BINDING
[3] NEW FUNCTION: MAPATOMS MAPS OVER ALL ATOMS IN AN OBARRAY
[4] FLATC HAS BEEN SPEEDED UP FOR SYMBOLS
FOR NEWIO:
[A] EDIT NOW WORKS
[B] NEW FUNCTION: LOAD LOADS UP BOTH EXPR AND FASL FILES
[C] NEW FUNCTION: INCLUDE IS LIKE A MIDAS .INSRT
[D] UREAD'S EOF HANDLER HAS CHANGED
[E] NEW FUNCTION: FILEPOS IS FINALLY IMPLEMENTED
[F] (STATUS FILEMODE) RETURNS FILEPOS INDICATOR IF APPROPRIATE
----------------------------------------------------------------
[1] PRIN1, PRINC, AND PRINT NOW ALL RETURN T INSTEAD OF
THEIR ARGUMENTS. THIS IS A BELATED FAST ARITHMETIC MOD.
[2] (PROGV <VAR-LIST> <VALUE-LIST> <FORM1> <FORM2> ... <FORMN>)
EVALUATES <FORM1> ... <FORMN> AS A PROGN IN AN ENVIRONMENT
CREATED BY BINDING THE SYMBOLS IN <VAR-LIST> TO THE
RESPECTIVE VALUES IN <VALUE-LIST>. THAT IS, THE FIRST
TWO ARGUMENTS TO PROGV ARE EVALUATED; THE FIRST MUST
PRODUCE A LIST OF SPECIAL VARIABLES, AND THE SECOND
A LIST OF VALUES. THE VARIABLES ARE THEN BOUND TO THE
VALUES. IF TOO FEW VALUES ARE SUPPLIED, THE REST OF
THE VARIABLES ARE BOUND TO NIL. IF TOO MANY VALUES
ARE SUPPLIED, THE EXCESS VALUES ARE IGNORED.
THE BODY OF THE PROGV IS THEN EVALUATED AS A PROGN,
THE VARIABLES UNBOUND TO THEIR OLD VALUES, AND THE
VALUE OF THE LAST FORM IS RETURNED.
EXAMPLE:
(SETQ A 'FOO)
(SETQ B 'BAR)
(PROGV (LIST A B 'B) (LIST B) (LIST A B FOO BAR))
==> (FOO NIL BAR NIL)
[3] (MAPATOMS <FN>) MAPS THE FUNCTION <FN> OF ONE ARGUMENT
OVER ALL SYMBOLS IN THE CURRENT OBARRAY, AND THEN
RETURNS NIL. EXAMPLE:
(MAPATOMS (FUNCTION (LAMBDA (X)
(AND (= (FLATC X) 11.)
(PRINT X)))))
WOULD PRINT:
NOINTERRUPT
GC-OVERFLOW
AND RETURN NIL.
A SECOND ARGUMENT MAY BE SUPPLIED, WHICH MUST BE AN
OBARRAY (*NOT* AN ATOM WITH AN OBARRAY AS AN ARRAY
PROPERTY!!!). THE FUNCTION IS THEN MAPPED OVER THE
SPECIFIED OBARRAY.
[4] FLATC HAS SPECIAL SPEED-OF-LIGHT CODE FOR SYMBOLS,
IN CASE ANYONE WANTS TO KNOW...
----------------------------------------------------------------
[A] THE EDIT PACKAGE NOW WORKS CORRECTLY IN NEWIO.
[B] THE LOAD FUNCTION TAKES A NEWIO FILE NAME AS ITS ARGUMENT,
AND ATTEMPTS TO LOAD IT UP. IF NO SECOND FILE NAME IS
GIVEN, IT FIRST TRIES USING "FASL", AND THEN ">".
AFTER FINDING THE FILE, IT DETERMINES WHETHER IT IS A FASL
FILE OR NOT (BY LOOKING AT THE FIRST WORD). IF A FASL FILE,
IT CALLS FASLOAD TO LOAD THE FILE. OTHERWISE, IT OPENS
THE FILE AS AN ASCII FILE, PUSHES IT ON THE INSTACK,
AND PERFORMS A READ-EVAL LOOP UNTIL END OF FILE.
BECAUSE OF THIS MODE OF OPERATION, INCLUDE'S (SEE [C])
WILL WORK IN LOADED FILES.
THE IDEA IS THAT YOU SAY (LOAD 'FOO) AND IT LOADS FOO.
[C] INCLUDE IS A FEXPR WHICH TAKES A FILE NAME.
(DEFUN INCLUDE FEXPR (X) (INPUSH (OPEN (CAR X))))
THAT IS, ONE TYPICALLY WOULD WRITE:
(INCLUDE |DSK:GLS;FOO >|)
OR WHATEVER.
IF THIS IS EVALUATED IN THE COURSE OF UREAD'ING OR
LOAD'ING A FILE, THE EFFECT IS TO INCLUDE THE TEXT OF
THE INSERTED FILE IN PLACE OF THE INCLUDE. (OF COURSE,
USER-SUPPLIED EOF HANDLERS MAY ALTER THIS SOMEWHAT.)
EVENTUALLY THE @ PROGRAM WILL UNDERSTAND INCLUDE'S.
[D] UREAD'S EOF HANDLER WAS FORMERLY DEFINED TO BE:
(LAMBDA (FILE EOFVAL) (SETQ UREAD NIL))
IT IS NOW DEFINED TO BE:
(LAMBDA (FILE EOFVAL) (SETQ UREAD NIL) EOFVAL)
SO THAT READ OF ONE ARGUMENT WILL WORK CORRECTLY
ON A UREAD FILE.
[E] FILEPOS IS NOW IMPLEMENTED, EXCEPT THAT IT DOES NOT
WORK YET TO TRY TO SET THE FILEPOS ON AN OUTPUT FILE.
(ONE MAY READ THE CURRENT FILEPOS WHILE WRITING,
HOWEVER.) FILEPOS MEASURES POSITION IN TERMS OF
CHARACTERS FOR ASCII FILES, AND FIXNUMS (WORDS)
FOR FIXNUM FILES.
[F] (STATUS FILEMODE FOO) WILL RETURN THE FLAG "FILEPOS"
IN THE CDR OF ITS RESULT IFF THE FILE FOO WILL WORK
FOR BOTH READING AND SETTING THE FILEPOS.
TUESDAY MAY 27,1975 FM+2D.18H.3M.18S. NEWIO 1061 - GLS -
Note that ONEWIO↑K or OQ↑K gets an old version of NEWIO (Q).
Brief synopsis:
[1] MSGFILES controls output of "messages" from LISP.
[2] File arrays as arguments to SYSCALL supply channel number.
[3] ERRPRINT may take a second arg (output files).
[4] (CLOSE foo) does (SSTATUS TTYCONS foo NIL) if foo is a tty.
[5] OPEN tends to reset file array attributes.
[6] A sample program to do rubout processing.
[7] A sample program to use 12-bit chars on Knight keyboards.
[8] A sample program to use the echo area.
[9] A sample program to hack the line printer.
[10] A sample program to create "dribble files" using ECHOFILES.
----------------------------------------------------------------
[1] The variable MSGFILES is like the variable OUTFILES,
except that "messages" like GC messages, error messages,
";BKPT barf", etc. are output to MSGFILES files and not
to OUTFILES files. (Recall that OUTFILES is the list of
default user output files, controlled by ↑R. There is no
switch equivalent to ↑R for MSGFILES.) Initially the value
of MSGFILES is (T), i.e. messages go only to the tty.
[2] If a file array is given as an input argument to SYSCALL
in newio, the system actually gives the .CALL the channel
number of the file array. If T is given, the channel number
of the input tty file T is supplied. Thus:
(SYSCALL 0 'SCML T 7)
sets the number of command lines (size of echo area) to 7
for the standard input tty.
By the way, if you ever use SYSCALL for something you think
LISP might want to provide as a separate function (for ease of
use, compatibility with other systems, etc.) please send
mail to GLS describing the usage.
[3] The ERRPRINT function now takes an optional second argument
like PRINT to specify the output files to print the message
on. Thus, for example,
(ERRPRINT NIL MSGFILES)
prints the most recent error message onto the message files.
[4] Closing a tty file will undo any (SSTATUS TTYCONS) pair
that that file may be engaged in. Since OPEN uses CLOSE
if given an actual file as first argument, note that it
may be necessary to re-TTYCONS two tty files after
re-opening one or both of them.
[5] In general, re-opening a file (especially a tty) resets
the file array for that tty. LISP makes an effort to
save some important attributes about the input and output
T files (standard tty) when starting up and re-opening the
T tty files, but this is not a general attribute of the OPEN
function. Thus, after re-opening a file array, the attributes
of that file array (such as (SSTATUS TTYCONS), (SSTATUS TTY),
(SSTATUS TTYINT), (EOFFN) or (ENDPAGEFN), etc.) should be
set up all over again.
[6] Sometimes a user may want to do his own rubout processing
without having to hack the ultimately hairy (SSTATUS TTYSCAN)
feature. Here is a function showing the correct way to
do rubout processing for simple applications.
;;; This function takes two arguments.
;;; The first is the character (a fixnum) which terminates input.
;;; The second is the file to read from (T for tty input).
;;; It works to use this function on a non-tty.
;;; The result returned is a list of fixnums representing the
;;; characters read and not rubbed out. The termination character
;;; is not included in this list, but thrown away.
;;; Over-rubout does not do anything at all.
;;; Example: (SNARF-CHARS-UNTIL 3 t)
;;; reads characters from T (the tty) until a ↑C (ascii code 3)
;;; is typed. If the user types "FOOBER<rubout><rubout>AR↑C",
;;; then the result will be (106 117 117 102 101 122).
;;;
;;; Note the use of the newio function RUBOUT to rub characters out.
;;; If RUBOUT returns NIL, then it could not rub the character out
;;; (e.g. it was tab or cr); it is necessary then to re-print the
;;; list of buffered characters.
;;; TTYP is non-NIL iff the input file is a tty.
;;; ECHO-FILE is the associated output file of the input tty,
;;; or NIL if the input file has none or isn't a tty.
;;; START-POS is the original cursor position in ECHO-FILE, or NIL.
;;; BUFFER is a list of characters read in reverse order.
(DEFUN SNARF-CHARS-UNTIL (ENDCHAR INPUT-FILE)
((LAMBDA (TTYP)
((LAMBDA (ECHO-FILE)
(DO ((START-POS (AND ECHO-FILE (CURSORPOS ECHO-FILE)))
(BUFFER)
(CHAR (TYI INPUT-FILE) (TYI INPUT-FILE)))
((= CHAR ENDCHAR) (NREVERSE BUFFER))
(COND ((= CHAR 177)
(AND BUFFER
ECHO-FILE
(OR (RUBOUT (CAR BUFFER) ECHO-FILE)
(PROGN (CURSORPOS (CAR START-POS)
(CDR START-POS)
ECHO-FILE)
(CURSORPOS 'E ECHO-FILE)
(MAPC (FUNCTION (LAMBDA (CH)
(TYO CH ECHO-FILE)))
(REVERSE (CDR BUFFER))))))
(AND BUFFER (SETQ BUFFER (CDR BUFFER))))
(T (SETQ BUFFER (CONS CHAR BUFFER))))))
(AND TTYP (STATUS TTYCONS INPUT-FILE))))
(MEMQ 'TTY (CAR (STATUS FILEMODE INPUT-FILE)))))
[7] This function shows the correct way to re-open the tty
in 12-bit mode on a Knight keyboard. Note that the LISP
system normally folds 12-bit characters down to 7 bits
always, except for the TYI function. Thus the READTABLE
still only has 200 entries, etc.
;;; Open the tty in 12-bit mode. After (12-BIT-OPEN) is done,
;;; (TYI) from the tty will return 12-bit characters. The characters
;;; are as supplied by ITS:
;;; bit value ITS name correspondence
;;; 2.3 4000 %TXTOP TOP
;;; 2.2 2000 %TXSFL SHIFT LOCK
;;; 2.1 1000 %TXSFT SHIFT
;;; 1.9 400 %TXMTA META
;;; 1.8 200 %TXCTL CONTROL
;;; 1.7-1.1 177 %TXASC ascii code
;;; After re-opening the input tty in 12-bit mode, it is necessary
;;; to restore the attributes of the file array.
;;; In this mode, the LISP system control characters are set up
;;; to ignore control characters which do not actually have the
;;; CONTROL bit set. Thus typing TOP-X to get "beta" will not
;;; invoke the system ↑C interrupt. User interrupt character
;;; functions must decide for themselves whether to do such
;;; filtering (they receive the full 12-bit character as an
;;; argument, and so may do this if desired).
(DEFUN 12-BIT-OPEN NIL
((LAMBDA (SCAN-FUNCTION)
(OPEN T '(TTY IN SINGLE FIXNUM)) ;OPEN IN 12-BIT MODE
(SSTATUS TTYCONS T T) ;TIE TO OUTPUT TTY
(SSTATUS TTYSCAN SCAN-FUNCTION) ;SET UP RUBOUT HANDLER
(MAPC (FUNCTION (LAMBDA (CH INT) ;SET UP STANDARD
(SSTATUS TTYINT ; CONTROL CHARACTERS,
CH ; REQUIRING "CONTROL"
(+ INT 200)))) ; KEY FOR ANY EFFECT
'(3 4 7 22 23 24 26 27 30 32)
'(3 4 7 22 30 24 26 27 30 32)))
(STATUS TTYSCAN))) ;OLD RUBOUT HANDLER
[8] Here is a function which opens up and manipulates tty files
such that input is typed in the echo area and output appears
above. Rubout processing happens correctly in the echo area.
Note that it uses TTY-ENDPAGEFN, the **MORE** processor
defined in the previous LISP RECENT.
(DEFUN SPLITSCREEN (ECHOAREASIZE)
((LAMBDA (ECHOTTY VERTICAL)
(SSTATUS TTYCONS T ECHOTTY) ;cons echo area tty to input tty
(PAGEL T (- VERTICAL ECHOAREASIZE)) ;set pagel for main area tty
(ENDPAGEFN T 'TTY-ENDPAGEFN) ;set endpagefn
(SYSCALL 0 'SCML T ECHOAREASIZE) ;set size of echo area
(CURSORPOS 'C T) ;clear screen (why not?)
'DONE)
(OPEN '((TTY)) '(TTY OUT ECHO)) ;file array for echo area tty output
(CAR (STATUS TTYSIZE T))))
Here is a version which causes ALL input and output to happen
in the echo area, leaving the main program area free for graphics
or whatever else.
(DEFUN SMALLSCREEN (ECHOAREASIZE)
(OPEN T '(TTY OUT ECHO))
(SSTATUS TTYCONS T T)
(SYSCALL 0 'SCML T ECHOAREASIZE)
'DONE)
[9] Here are some routines which simulate the old ↑B-↑E feature
of oldio. Since ↑B is a break in newio, ↑A and ↑E are used.
The functions WALBEG and WALEND are as in DDT, and are used
to open and close the wallpaper file. If ↑A discovers that
WALBEG has not been called, the TPL device is used.
;;; WALLPAPER ROUTINES
;;; VALUE OF WALLPAPERFILE, IF NON-NIL, IS FILE ARRAY FOR
;;; WALLPAPER.
;;; ↑A-HANDLER IS INVOKED BY TYPING ↑A. TURNS ON OUTPUT
;;; TO WALLPAPER FILE.
;;; ↑E-HANDLER IS INVOKED BY ↑E. TURNS OFF WALLPAPER OUTPUT.
;;; WALBEG INITIALIZES SETUP TO SPECIFIED FILE.
;;; WALEND TERMINATES THE CURRENT WALLPAPER FILE,
;;; AND NAMES IT IF DESIRED (DEFAULT IS "WPAPER >").
(DECLARE (SPECIAL WALLPAPERFILE OLD↑R))
(SETQ WALLPAPERFILE NIL)
(DEFUN ↑A-HANDLER (F CH)
(OR WALLPAPERFILE (WALBEG TPL))
(OR ↑A (SETQ OLD↑R ↑R))
(SETQ ↑A T)
(SETQ ↑R T)
(OR (MEMQ WALLPAPERFILE OUTFILES)
(SETQ OUTFILES (CONS WALLPAPERFILE OUTFILES))))
(DEFUN ↑E-HANDLER (F CH)
(SETQ ↑R OLD↑R)
(SETQ ↑A NIL)
(SETQ OUTFILES (DELQ WALLPAPERFILE OUTFILES)))
(DEFUN WALBEG FEXPR (DEVDIR)
(WALEND)
(SETQ WALLPAPERFILE
(OPEN (LIST (OR DEVDIR (CAR (DEFAULTF NIL)))
'←WALL←
'PAPER)
'OUT))
T)
(DEFUN WALEND FEXPR (NAME)
(COND (WALLPAPERFILE
(↑E-HANDLER NIL NIL)
(AND NAME (RENAME WALLPAPERFILE NAME))
(CLOSE WALLPAPERFILE)
(SETQ WALLPAPERFILE NIL))))
(SSTATUS TTYINT 1 '↑A-HANDLER)
(SSTATUS TTYINT 5 '↑E-HANDLER)
[10] Here are some functions to create "dribble files",
i.e. files contains both input and output.
;;; (DRIBBLE) opens a dribble output file.
;;; DRIBBLE, if non-nil, is the dribble output file array.
;;; (WIPE FOO BAR) wipes up the current dribble, closing
;;; the file and naming it FOO BAR.
(DECLARE (SPECIAL DRIBBLE))
(DEFUN DRIBBLE NIL
(WIPE /.DRIB/. OUTPUT)
(SETQ DRIBBLE (OPEN '|.DRIB. OUTPUT| 'OUT)))
(SETQ OUTFILES (CONS DRIBBLE OUTFILES))
(SETQ ECHOFILES (CONS DRIBBLE ECHOFILES))
(SETQ MSGFILES (CONS DRIBBLE MSGFILES))
(SETQ ↑R T))
(DEFUN WIPE FEXPR (NAME)
(COND (DRIBBLE
(OR (SETQ OUTFILES (DELQ DRIBBLE OUTFILES))
(SETQ ↑R NIL))
(SETQ ECHOFILES (DELQ DRIBBLE ECHOFILES))
(SETQ MSGFILES (DELQ DRIBBLE MSGFILES))
(CLOSE (RENAME (PROG2 NIL DRIBBLE
(SETQ DRIBBLE NIL))
NAME)))))
FRIDAY APRIL 18,1975 FQ+9H.34M.47S. LISP 1049 - GLS -
A NEW VERSION OF NEWIO IS UP! TRY IT, AND REPORT ANY
LOSSES TO GLS, OR SAY :BUG NEWIO ... ↑C TO DDT.
BRIEF SYNOPSIS:
[0] INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE!!! PRINT, PRIN1, AND PRINC TO GIVE OUT T
[1] COMPILER RESETS GENSYM COUNTER
[2] DEFUN MAY REMOVE THE EXPR-HASH PROPERTY
[3] VERTICAL BAR AND EXCLAMATION POINT AS SYMBOL QUOTERS
[4] NEW PECULIAR FUNCTION: SYSCALL
[5] COMPILER ALLOWS DECLARES IN DO LOOPS
[6] TECHNIQUE: AVOIDING NUMBER CONSING
[7] EVALHOOK
[8] NEW VERSION OF NEWIO OUT
[A] TYIPEEK NOW IMPLEMENTED
[B] ↑Q TO ALLOC AND JCL WORK
[C] (STATUS FILEMODE)
[D] (STATUS TTYINT)
[E] (STATUS TTYCONS)
[F] (STATUS TTYSCAN)
[G] RUBOUT
[H] NEW INTERRUPT SYSTEM
[I] VALUE OF AUTOLOAD IS THE AUTOLOAD FUNCTION
[J] **MORE** INTERRUPTS
[K] FASLOAD WITHIN FASLOAD
[L] ↑X FUNCTION FLUSHED - ↑G REMAINS
[M] FORCE IS FORCE-OUTPUT AGAIN
[N] CLEAR-INPUT AND CLEAR-OUTPUT
----------------------------------------------------------------
[0] A GHOST OF THE PAST LOOMS UP. WHEN NCOMPLR WAS CREATED, WE MADE
SOME DECISIONS THAT, FOR EFFICIENCY REASONS, REQUIRED TYO, PRINT,
PRIN1, AND PRINC TO RETURN SOME PROVABLY NON-NUMERIC VALUE.
GENERALLY, THIS MEANS SOME CONSTANT LIKE T OR NIL. TYO WAS
CHANGED LONG AGO, BUT WE HAVE BEEN WAITING UNTIL THE LAST POSSIBLE
MINUTE TO MAKE THE REQUISITE CHANGE TO THE PRINT SERIES. THE TIME
HAS COME (AND WE HEAR VOICES OF WALRUSES); OUR SYMPATHIES GO OUT
TO THOSE, WHO LIKE US, WILL HAVE TO EXPLORE THEIR CODE TO
ACCOMODATE THIS INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE. HOWEVER, THIS CHANGE WILL
NOT ACTUALLY TAKE EFFECT UNTIL AFTER MAY 19, 1975. IF THE ONLY
USE YOUR EVER MADE OF THE VALUE OR PRINT WAS TO CONTINUE AN "AND",
YOU NEED NOT WORRY. E.G.
(AND (PRED X) (PRINC 'HERE/ WE/ ARE/ ) (PRINT X) (PRINT Y))
WILL STILL WORK ESSENTIALLY THE SAME.
BE WARNED ALSO! THE OLD COMPLR IS ESSENTIALLY DEAD; THERE
WILL BE A FUNERAL FOR IT SOON. NCOMPLR IS NOW QUITE A BIT MORE
BUG-FREE THAN THE OLD COMPLR, AND AFTER COMPLR'S DEMISE,
SYS:TS COMPLR WILL LINK TO SYS:TS NCOMPLR.
[1] NOTE THAT THE COMPILER USES THE GENSYM FUNCTION FOR
GENERATING LAP TAGS, AND RESETS THE GENSYM COUNTER AT
THE BEGINNING OF EACH FUNCTION. THEREFORE GENSYM IS NOT
A RELIABLE WAY TO GENERATE UNIQUE ATOMS FOR USE BY MACROS
IF YOU PLAN TO INTERN THEM (UNINTERNED, THE NAME DOESN'T
MATTER, OF COURSE). SORRY ABOUT THAT.
[2] DEFUN WILL REMOVE THE EXPR-HASH PROPERTY FROM AN ATOM
IF IN EXPR-HASH MODE (DEFUN = T) AND IT INSTALLS A NEW
PROPERTY. THIS IS TO PREVENT LOSSES SUCH AS RE-INSTALLING
THE OLD DEFINITION NOT WORKING.
[3] VERTICAL BAR (ASCII CODE 174) NOW INITIALLY HAS A READ-MACRO
PROPERTY WHICH CAUSES IT TO GOBBLE UP CHARACTERS UNTIL
THE NEXT VERTICAL BAR, AND MAKE AN INTERNED ATOMIC SYMBOL
OUT OF IT. IT IS THUS ANOTHER WAY TO QUOTE CHARACTERS
IN ATOMIC SYMBOLS. TO GET A VERTICAL BAR OR CARRIAGE RETURN
OR SLASH INTO SUCH A CONSTRUCT, USE SLASH. EXAMPLE:
|A /| WILL GOBBLE CHARS UNTIL
THE NEXT /| NOT PRECEDED BY //|
IS THE ATOMIC SYMBOL WITH THE PRINT NAME:
"A | WILL GOBBLE CHARS UNTIL THE NEXT | NOT PRECEDED BY /"
THE CARRIAGE RETURN ISN(T PART OF THE PRINT NAME BECAUSE IT
HAD NO / IN FRONT OF IT. THIS IS SO AN AUTOMATIC TERPRI
FORCED BY THE LINEL WON'T SCREW THINGS UP.
AS A CONCESSION TO DATAPOINT LOSERS, EXCLAMATION POINT
PRESENTLY HAS A SIMLAR PROPERTY. HOWEVER, LOSERS ARE
ADVISED NOT TO PUT ! IN THEIR FILES, AS VERTICAL BAR IS
THE "OFFICIAL" ONE. USERS OF CONNIVER ON DATAPOINTS
HAVE A PROBLEM -- TOUGH NOOGIES.
EVENTUALLY PRIN1 WILL HAVE SOME SMARTS ABOUT OUTPUTTING
VERTICAL BARS. IN NEWIO, THE RUBOUT PROCESSOR IS CLEVER
ABOUT VERTICAL BARS, BUT NOT IN OLDIO -- BEWARE.
[4] THE FUNCTION SYSCALL TAKES FROM TWO TO TEN ARGUMENTS.
THEY ARE:
(1) N, THE NUMBER OF OUTPUT RESULTS DESIRED (A FIXNUM
FROM 0 TO 8); THE RETURN VALUE OF SYSCALL WILL THUS
BE A LIST OF N FIXNUMS. OPTIONALLY, THE "CONTROL"
BITS "C" MAY BE SPECIFIED BY GIVING AS FIRST ARG
N + LSH[C;18.]
(2) NAME OF SYSTEM CALL (ATOMIC SYMBOL).
(3-10) INPUT ARGUMENTS (FIXNUMS).
THE SPECIFIED ITS SYSTEM CALL IS PERFORMED AND A LIST
OF THE RESULTS ARE RETURNED AS FIXNUMS. IF AN ERROR
OCCURS, A FIXNUM (THE ERROR CODE) IS RETURNED INSTEAD
OF THE LIST OF RESULTS.
NO COMPENSATION IS MADE FOR SYSTEM CALLS THAT TAKE
CHANNEL NUMEBSR, AOBJN POINTERS, CLOBBER THEIR
INPUT ARGS, ETC. BEWARE!
EXAMPLE:
(SYSCALL 6 'CNSGET 2)
WILL RETURN A LIST OF SIX FIXNUMS DESCRIBING THE
TTY (OLDIO OPENS THE TTY ON CHANNEL 2 -- NEWIO
USERS, BEWARE!!!).
[5] THE COMPILER NOW ALLOWS LOCAL DECLARATIONS TO BE PUT IN DO
LOOPS IN THE SAME WAY THEY MAY BE IN LAMBDAS AND PROGS.
EXAMPLE, TO FIND THE INDEX OF THE FIRST "FOO" IN THE LIST X:
(DO ((N 0 (1+ N)) (L X (CDR L)))
((NULL L) -1)
(DECLARE (FIXNUM N))
(AND (EQ (CAR L) 'FOO) (RETURN N)))
[6] PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUE:
YOU MAY FIND YOUR FUNCTIONS DOING AN INORDINATE AMOUNT
OF NUMBER CONSING EVEN AFTER USING NCOMPLR. IF SO,
CONSIDER WHETHER ANY OF YOUR FUNCTIONS, WHICH ARE NOT DECLARED
TO BE FIXNUM OR FLONUM FUNCTIONS ARE NEEDLESSLY RETURNING
NUMERICAL RESULTS. E.G.,
(DEFUN BAR (X Y N M)
(COND ((MUMBLE X Y)
(PRINC '/ANSWERS/ ARE:)
(PRIN1 N) (PRINC '/ ) (PRIN1 M) (TERPRI)))
N) ;RANDOM RETURN VALUE
IF BAR IS INDEED USED PRIMARILY FOR EFFECT, THERE IS NO REASON
TO RETURN A NUMERICAL VALUE, WHICH WILL USUALLY CAUSE NCOMPLR
TO OUTPUT A NUMBER-CONS CALL. SOMETIMES, RETURNING A NUMERICAL
RESULT MAY BE PARTIALLY HIDDEN FROM YOUR EYE, AS IN THE CASE OF
FEEDING AN ARG TO A FUNCTION SUCH AS STORE, WHICH RETURNS ONE OF
ITS INPUT ARGS AS RESULTANT VALUE E.G.,
(DEFUN FOO (J N) (STORE (MY-FIXNUM-ARRAY N) J))
THIS WILL STORE THE FIXNUM J INTO SLOT N, AND IT WILL ALSO
RETURN J. UNLESS YOU REALLY NEED FOO TO RETURN J, YOU SHOULD
WRITE
(DEFUN FOO (J N) (STORE (MY-FIXNUM-ARRAY N) J) NIL)
AND LET NIL BE RETURNED. THIS APPLIES TO ANY FUNCTION
WHOSE LAST ACTION WILL PRODUCE A NUMERICAL VALUE, AND WHOSE
PURPOSE IS PRIMARILY TO PERFORM SOME SIDE-EFFECT.
[7] AT LONG LAST, HERE IS SOME (MINIMAL) DOCUMENTATION
ON THE INFAMOUS EVALHOOK FEATURE!
THE EVALHOOK FEATURE WAS INVENTED SO THAT A DYNAMIC
SINGLE-STEP TRACER COULD BE WRITTEN. USING THE
EVALHOOK FEATURE IS A BLACK ART, SO READ ON, BUT
CAREFULLY.
THERE EXIST BOTH A FUNCTION AND A VARIABLE CALLED
"EVALHOOK". THERE IS ALSO A (SSTATUS EVALHOOK).
((STATUS EVALHOOK) EXISTS BUT DOES NOT RETURN ANYTHING
MEANINGFUL AT ALL.)
THE SEMANTICS OF THE VARIABLE EVALHOOK ARE AS FOLLOWS:
WHENEVER THE FUNCTION EVAL IS ENTERED, WHETHER FROM
WITHIN THE SYSTEM OR BY EXPLICIT INVOCATION BY THE USER,
THEN IF THE VALUE OF THE VARIABLE EVALHOOK IS NON-NIL,
AND *RSET IS NON-NIL, AND (SSTATUS EVALHOOK T) HAS BEEN
DONE, THEN EVAL DOES NOT EVALUATE ITS ARGUMENT.
INSTEAD IT ASSUMES THAT THE VALUE OF THE VARIABLE
EVALHOOK IS A FUNCTION OF ONE ARGUMENT. IT FETCHES
THIS FUNCTION, LAMBDA-BINDS EVALHOOK TO NIL, AND
CALLS THE FUNCTION WITH THE ARGUMENT TO EVAL.
THIS FUNCTION THEN HAS THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR EVALUATING
THE FORM AND RETURNING A RESULT. THIS RESULT BECOMES
THE RESULT OF THE ORIGINAL CALL TO EVAL.
IT IS EVIDENT THAT SUCH A FUNCTION CAN DO OTHER THINGS
BESIDES EVALUATE THE FORM; E.G. IT CAN PRINT TRACE
INFORMATION.
THE REASON THAT EVALHOOK IS BOUND BACK TO NIL BEFORE
CALLING THE HOOK FUNCTION IS BECAUSE THE HOOK FUNCTION
MAY BE INTERPRETED, AND WE WANT TO AVOID INFINITE
RECURSION. THERE IS A PROBLEM, THOUGH: HOW CAN THE
HOOK FUNCTION EVALUATE ITS ARGUMENT ONCE IT HAS
PRINTED STUFF OUT? IF IT JUST CALLS EVAL BACK AGAIN,
THEN THE VARIABLE EVALHOOK WILL BE NIL, AND THE
HOOK FUNCTION WILL NOT GET CALLED FOR THE RECURSIVE
CALLS ON EVAL. IF IT SETQ'S EVALHOOK TO THE HOOK
FUNCTION AND THEN CALLS EVAL, THE HOOK FUNCTION WILL
GET CALLED BACK WITH THE SAME THING.
FOR THIS REASON THERE IS AN EVALHOOK FUNCTION.
THE EVALHOOK FUNCTION CALLS EVAL WITH ITS FIRST
ARGUMENT, AFTER BINDING THE VARIABLE EVALHOOK TO
ITS LAST ARGUMENT, AND BYPASSING THE HOOK FUNCTION
CHECK IN EVAL.
IF THAT ALL WENT BY TOO FAST, TAKE A LOOK AT THESE
DEFINITIONS IN LISP:
(DECLARE (SPECIAL *RSET EVALHOOK))
(DEFUN EVAL N
(OR (= N 1) (= N 2)
(ERROR '|WRONG NUMBER OF ARGS TO LSUBR|
(CONS 'EVAL (LISTIFY N))
'WRNG-NO-ARGS))
(AND (= N 2)
(HACK-FAKE-ALIST (ARG 2)))
(COND ((AND EVALHOOK
*RSET
(SSTATUS-EVALHOOK-T-WAS-DONE-P))
((LAMBDA (EVALHOOK)
(FUNCALL EVALHOOK (ARG 1)))
NIL))
(T (+INTERNAL-EVAL (ARG 1)))))
(DEFUN EVALHOOK N
(OR (= N 2) (= N 3)
(ERROR '|WRONG NUMBER OF ARGS TO LSUBR|
(CONS 'EVALHOOK (LISTIFY N))
'WRNG-NO-ARGS))
(AND (= N 3) ;SECOND ARG OF 3 IS ALIST
(HACK-FAKE-ALIST (ARG 2)))
((LAMBDA (EVALHOOK)
(+INTERNAL-EVAL (ARG 1)))
(ARG N)))
THE REASON THAT BOTH (*RSET T) AND (SSTATUS EVALHOOK T)
MUST BE DONE IS FOR REASONS OF EFFICIENCY (SIGH).
HERE IS AN EXAMPLE OF THE USAGE OF EVALHOOK:
(DEFUN HOOK FEXPR (X) ;CALLED AS (HOOK <FORM>)
((LAMBDA (*RSET EVALHOOK)
(PROG2 (SSTATUS EVALHOOK T) ;MAGIC SSTATUS
(EVAL (CAR X)) ;EVALUATE FORM
(SSTATUS EVALHOOK NIL))) ;MORE MAGIC
T
'HOOK-FUNCTION)) ;THE HOOK FUNCTION
(DEFUN HOOK-FUNCTION (F)
(TERPRI) ;PRINT PRETTY MESSAGE FOR INPUT
(PRINC '|FORM: |)
(PRIN1 F)
((LAMBDA (V) ;V GETS VALUE OF FORM
(TERPRI) ;PRETTY OUTPUT MESSAGE
(PRINC '|VALUE: |)
(PRIN1 V))
(EVALHOOK F 'HOOK-FUNCTION))) ;THIS IS HOW TO EVAL THE FORM
; SO AS TO HOOK SUB-FORMS
THUS FOR SOMETHING LIKE (HOOK (CONS (CAR '(A . B)) 'C))
THE FOLLOWING OUTPUT MIGHT BE SEEN:
FORM: (CONS (CAR (QUOTE (A . B))) (QUOTE C))
FORM: (CAR (QUOTE (A . B)))
FORM: (QUOTE (A . B))
VALUE: (A . B)
FORM: (QUOTE C)
VALUE: C
VALUE: ((A . B) . C)
((A . B) . C)
NATURALLY, ONE CAN DREAM UP INFINITELY HAIRY THINGS
TO DO WITH THIS, SUCH AS INTERACTIVE TRACING AND BREAKING,
INDENTED OUTPUT, ETC.
[8] A NEW VERSION OF NEWIO IS OUT!
HERE FOLLOWS A COPY OF .INFO.;NEWIO STUFF, WHICH HAS
BEEN UPDATED TO ACCOUNT FOR ALL THE CHANGES MENTIONED
IN THE SYNOPSIS.
NEWIO NEWIO NEWIO NEWIO NEWIO NEWIO NEWIO NEWIO NEWIO NEWIO
----------------------------------------------------------------
THINGS OF NOTE NOT YET IMPLEMENTED:
----------------------------------------------------------------
[1] FILEPOS NOT YET IMPLEMENTED.
[2] ALLFILES NOT YET IMPLEMENTED.
[3] MOBY I/O DOES NOT YET WORK UNDER NEW I/O.
----------------------------------------------------------------
NEW FUNCTIONS:
----------------------------------------------------------------
(↑G) SIGNALS A ↑G QUIT; IT REPLACES (IOC G).
(IN <FILE>) READS IN A FIXNUM FROM A BINARY INPUT FILE AND
RETURNS IT. TO GET A BINARY FILE, SEE THE NEW
OPEN FUNCTION.
(OUT <FILE> <FIXNUM>) OUTPUTS THE FIXNUM TO THE BINARY
FILE AND RETURNS T.
(TRUENAME <FILE>) GIVES THE "TRUE NAME" OF THE FILE,
AS OPPOSED TO THE FILE NAMES USED TO OPEN IT.
THIS IS THE NAME FOUND AFTER TRANSLATIONS AND
LINKS, ETC. (IT IS THE NAME RETURNED BY A .RCHST
ON THE FILE'S CHANNEL.)
ECHOFILES IS A VARIABLE WHICH, IF NON-NIL, SHOULD BE A
LIST OF OUTPUT FILES. THESE OUTPUT FILES
RECEIVE EVERY CHARACTER SEEN AS INPUT BY TYI
(AND FUNCTIONS WHICH USE TYI, SUCH AS READ).
IF A FILE IS A MEMBER OF BOTH THE ECHOFILES
AND OUTFILES LISTS, IT WILL BE A "DRIBBLE
FILE", RECORDING BOTH INPUT AND OUTPUT.
NOTE THAT THE FUNCTION WHICH PRE-SCANS TTY INPUT
AND PERFORMS RUBOUT PROCESSING LAMBDA-BINDS
ECHOFILES TO NIL, SO YOU WON'T SEE RUBBED-OUT
CHARACTERS.
(OPEN <FILE> <MODELIST>) OPENS A FILE AND RETURNS A
CORRESPONDING FILE OBJECT. IT IS ACTUALLY AN LSUBR
OF ZERO TO TWO ARGUMENTS. THE <FILE> DEFAULTS TO THE
CURRENT DEFAULT FILE NAMES. THE <MODELIST> DEFAULTS
TO NIL.
IF <FILE> IS A NAMELIST OR NAMESTRING, A NEW FILE ARRAY
IS CREATED. IF <FILE> IS A FILE ARRAY ALREADY, IT IS
CLOSED AND RE-OPENED IN THE SPECIFIED MODE; ITS FORMER
MODES SERVE AS THE DEFAULTS FOR THE <MODELIST>.
THE <MODELIST> DETERMINES A LARGE NUMBER OF ATTRIBUTES
FOR OPENING THE FILE. FOR EACH ATTRIBUTE THERE ARE
TWO OR MORE MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE VALUES WHICH MAY BE
SPECIFIED AS FOLLOWS. VALUES MARKED BY A * ARE THOSE
USED AS DEFAULTS WHEN THE <FILE> IS A NAMELIST OR
NAMESTRING. IF THE <MODELIST> IS AN ATOM, IT IS THE
SAME AS SPECIFYING THE LIST OF THAT ONE ATOM.
DIRECTION:
* IN INPUT FILE
* READ SAME AS "IN"
OUT OUTPUT FILE
PRINT SAME AS "OUT"
APPEND OUTPUT, APPENDED TO EXISTING FILE
DATA MODE:
* ASCII FILE IS A STREAM OF ASCII CHARACTERS.
SYSTEM-DEPENDENT TRANSFORMATIONS MAY
OCCUR, SUCH AS SUPPLYING LF AFTER CR,
OR BEING CAREFUL WITH OUTPUT OF ↑P,
OR MULTICS ESCAPE CONVENTIONS.
FIXNUM FILE IS A STREAM OF FIXNUMS. THIS
IS FOR DEALING WITH FILES THOUGHT OF
AS "BINARY" RATHER THAN "CHARACTER".
IMAGE FILE IS A STREAM OF ASCII CHARACTERS.
ABSOLUTELY NO TRANSFORMATIONS ARE MADE.
DEVICE TYPE:
* DSK STANDARD KIND OF FILE.
TTY CONSOLE. IN PARTICULAR, ONLY TTY INPUT
FILES HAVE INTERRUPT CHARACTER FUNCTIONS
ASSOCIATED WITH THEM.
BUFFERING MODE:
* BLOCK DATA IS BUFFERED.
SINGLE DATA IS UNBUFFERED.
IF THE DEVICE TYPE IS TTY, THE DEFAULT IS
SINGLE INSTEAD OF BLOCK ON ITS.
ECHO MODE:
ECHO OPENS OUTPUT TTY IN ECHO AREA (ITS ONLY).
SOME OF THESE VALUES ARE OF COURSE SYSTEM-DEPENDENT.
YOUR LOCAL LISP SYSTEM WILL ATTEMPT TO DO THE RIGHT
THING, HOWEVER, IN ANY CASE.
IF THE OPTIONS LIST IS INVALID IN ANY WAY, OPEN MAY EITHER
GIVE A WRNG-TYPE-ARGS ERROR, OR BLITHELY ASSUME A
CORRECTED VALUE FOR AN ATTRIBUTE. IN GENERAL, ERRORS
SHOULD OCCUR ONLY FOR TRULY CONFLICTING SPECIFICATIONS.
ON THE OTHER HAND, SPECIFYING BLOCK MODE FOR A DEVICE
THAT THE SYSTEM WANTS TO HANDLE ONLY IN CHARACTER MODE
MAY JUST GO AHEAD AND USE CHARACTER MODE.
(OPENI X) == (OPEN X 'READ)
(OPENO X) == (OPEN X 'PRINT)
(OPENA X) == (OPEN X 'APPEND)
(RUBOUT <CHAR> <FILE>) ATTEMPTS TO RUB OUT ONE CHARACTER.
<CHAR> SHOULD BE A FIXNUM BETWEEN 0 AND 177 (AN ASCII VALUE).
<FILE> SHOULD BE A TTY OUTPUT FILE; IF OMITTED, T IS ASSUMED.
IF IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO RUB OUT THE CHARACTER CORRECTLY,
RUBOUT WILL RETURN NIL INSTEAD OF T; IT IS UP TO THE CALLER
TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT THIS CASE. CHARACTERS WHICH CANNOT
CORRECTLY BE RUBBED OUT INCLUDE TAB AND CARRIAGE RETURN.
IF THE OUTPUT TTY CAN DO CURSOR POSITIONING AND SELECTIVE
RASURE, THEN THE CHARACTER IS RUBBED OUT BY ERASING IT
FROM THE SCREEN AND BACKING UP THE CURSOR; OTHERWISE, THE
CHARACTER IS PRINTED ON THE TTY (RUBOUT ECHO).
(SSTATUS TTYSCAN <FUNCTION> <FILE>) SETS UP A TTY PRE-SCAN
FUNCTION FOR <FILE>, WHICH MUST BE A TTY INPUT FILE.
IF <FILE> IS OMITTED, T IS ASSUMED.
THE <FUNCTION> SHOULD ACCEPT THREE ARGUMENTS:
(1) THE FILE TO DO PRE-SCANNING FOR.
(2) THE INPUT FUNCTION TO PRE-SCAN FOR.
POSSIBILITIES ARE READ, TYI, READLINE,
EDIT, AND PERHAPS OTHERS.
(3) THE NUMBER OF HANGING LEFT PARENTHESES, AS
A FIXNUM (MEANINGFUL ONLY IF ARGUMENT 2
IS 'READ).
IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE PRE-SCAN FUNCTION TO
READ IN SOME CHARACTERS FROM THE FILE HANDED TO IT AS
ITS FIRST ARGUMENT, AND TO RETURN A LIST OF FIXNUMS
BETWEEN 0 AND 177 OCTAL. TYPICALLY THE PRE-SCAN FUNCTION
WILL PROVIDE FOR RUBOUT PROCESSING, ETC.
IF THE PRE-SCAN FUNCTION RETURNS NIL, AN END-OF-FILE
WILL BE SIGNALED FOR THE TTY INPUT FILE. THIS IS A WAY
TO SIGNAL OVER-RUBOUT.
(THE INITIAL LISP SYSTEM PROVIDES FOR THE INITIAL TTY INPUT
FILE A PRE-SCAN FUNCTION WHICH DOES STANDARD RUBOUT PROCESSING.)
(STATUS TTYSCAN <FILE>) NATURALLY RETURNS THE PRE-SCAN
FUNCTION FOR <FILE> (T IF <FILE> IS OMITTED).
----------------------------------------------------------------
THINGS WHICH HAVE CHANGED FROM OLD I/O AND NOT IN THE MANUAL:
----------------------------------------------------------------
IN NEW I/O FILES ARE SPECIFIED BY MEANS OF NAMESTRINGS AND
NAMELISTS AS DOCUMENTED IN THE MANUAL.
THERE IS FURTHERMORE A COMPATIBILITY FEATURE WHICH ALLOWS
OLD I/O 4-LISTS TO BE USED INTERCHANGEABLY WITH NEW I/O
NAMELISTS. IF THE CAR OF A PUTATIVE NAMELIST IS ATOMIC,
THEN IT IS ASSUMED TO BE AN OLD I/O 4-LIST.
FINALLY, NEW I/O ON THE PDP-10 KNOWS MOST STANDARD DEVICE
NAMES; IF IT SEES A NAME WHERE A DEVICE BELONGS, AND IT IS
NOT ONE OF THE STANDARD DEVICE NAMES, AND NO SNAME WAS
SUPPLIED, THEN THE NAME IS TAKEN TO BE THE SNAME, AND *
IS SUPPLIED FOR THE DEVICE.
ALL THESE COMPATIBILITY FEATURES ARE FOR THE PDP-10 ONLY!
EXAMPLES:
THESE ARE ALL EQUIVALENT AS FILE NAMES:
(FOO BAR * GLS)
(FOO BAR GLS)
((GLS) FOO BAR)
((* GLS) FOO BAR)
THE ARGUMENT TO AN OLD I/O FUNCTION IS ONE OF THESE LISTS;
THUS ONE MAY SAY EQUIVALENTLY:
(UREAD FOO > * GLS)
(UREAD FOO > DSK GLS) ;IF YOUR DEFAULT DEV IS DSK:
(UREAD FOO) ;IF YOUR DEFAULT IS DSK:GLS;
; BECAUSE UREAD SUPPLIES >
(UREAD (GLS) FOO) ;IF YOUR DEFAULT DEV IS DSK:
(UREAD (DSK GLS) FOO)
(UREAD (DSK GLS) FOO >)
HERE ARE DEFINITIONS OF THE OLD I/O FUNCTIONS IN TERMS OF THE
NEW ONES. THEY MAY BE TAKEN QUITE LITERALLY.
(DEFUN UREAD FEXPR (FILENAME)
(UCLOSE)
((LAMBDA (FILE)
(EOFFN FILE
(FUNCTION
(LAMBDA (EOFFILE EOFVAL)
(SETQ UREAD NIL))))
(INPUSH (SETQ UREAD FILE))
(CAR (DEFAULTF FILE)))
(OPEN (*UGREAT FILENAME) 'IN)))
(DEFUN UCLOSE FEXPR (X)
(COND (UREAD
(AND (EQ UREAD INFILE) (INPUSH -1))
(CLOSE (PROG2 NIL UREAD (SETQ UREAD NIL))))
(T NIL)))
(DEFUN UWRITE FEXPR (DEVDIR)
(OR DEVDIR (SETQ DEVDIR (CAR (DEFAULTF NIL))))
(*UWRITE (CONS DEVDIR (COND ((STATUS FEATURE DEC10)
(CONS (STATUS JNAME) '(OUT)))
((STATUS FEATURE ITS)
'(.LISP. OUTPUT))))
'OUT
(LIST DEVDIR)))
(DEFUN UAPPEND FEXPR (FILENAME)
(PROG2 (SETQ FILENAME (*UGREAT FILENAME))
(*UWRITE FILENAME 'APPEND FILENAME)
(RENAME UWRITE
(COND ((STATUS FEATURE DEC10)
(CONS (STATUS JNAME) '(OUT)))
((STATUS FEATURE ITS)
'(/.LISP/. APPEND))))))
(DEFUN *UWRITE (NAME MODE NEWDEFAULT) ;INTERNAL ROUTINE
(COND (UWRITE
(SETQ OUTFILES (DELQ UWRITE OUTFILES))
(CLOSE UWRITE)
(SETQ UWRITE NIL)))
((LAMBDA (FILE)
(SETQ OUTFILES
(CONS (SETQ UWRITE FILE)
OUTFILES))
(CAR (DEFAULTF NEWDEFAULT)))
(OPEN NAME MODE)))
(DEFUN UFILE FEXPR (SHORTNAME)
(COND ((NULL UWRITE)
(ERROR 'NO/ UWRITE/ FILE
(CONS 'UFILE SHORTNAME)
'IO-LOSSAGE))
(T (PROG2 NIL
(CAR (DEFAULTF (RENAME UWRITE
(*UGREAT SHORTNAME))))
(SETQ OUTFILES (DELQ UWRITE OUTFILES))
(CLOSE UWRITE)
(SETQ UWRITE NIL)))))
(DEFUN CRUNIT FEXPR (DEVDIR)
(CAR (DEFAULTF (AND DEVDIR (LIST DEVDIR)))))
(DEFUN *UGREAT (NAME) ;INTERNAL ROUTINE
(MERGEF (MERGEF NAME
(COND ((STATUS FEATURE DEC10)
'(* . LSP))
((STATUS FEATURE ITS)
'(* . >))))
NIL))
(DEFUN UPROBE FEXPR (FILENAME)
(SETQ FILENAME (MERGEF (*UGREAT FILENAME) NIL))
(AND (PROBEF FILENAME) FILENAME))
(DEFUN UKILL FEXPR (FILENAME)
(DEFAULTF (DELETEF FILENAME))))
CURSORPOS MAY TAKE AN EXTRA ARGUMENT TO DETERMINE WHICH OUTPUT
TTY TO DO THE CURSOR POSITIONING ON. IF THE LAST ARGUMENT CAN
BE TAKEN TO BE A TTY, IT IS.
ONE INCOMPATIBILITY IS THAT (CURSORPOS 'T) NOW MEANS GET THE
COORDINATES OF TTY "T" RATHER THAN GO TO THE TOP OF THE SCREEN.
TO GO TO THE TOP OF THE SCREEN FOR THE DEFAULT TTY, USE
(CURSORPOS 'TOP) OR (CURSORPOS 124) OR (CURSORPOS 'T T).
LISTEN SIMILARLY TAKES AN OPTIONAL ARGUMENT TELLING WHICH INPUT
TTY TO LISTEN TO. NOTE THAT (LISTEN T) IS NOT QUITE THE SAME
AS (LISTEN); THE LATTER MERELY RETURNS THE RESULT OF A .LISTEN,
WHILE THE FORMER ACCOUNTS FOR BUFFERED-UP CHARACTERS WITHIN LISP.
TYIPEEK NOW TAKES UP TO THREE ARGUMENTS.
THE FIRST ARGUMENT IS AS IN OLD I/O; IT SPECIFIES THE KIND
OF PEEKING. A FIRST ARGUMENT OF NIL IS THE SAME AS NO ARGUMENT
AT ALL, EXCEPT THAT YOU NEED IT TO GET IN THE OTHER TWO
ARGUMENTS. THESE EXTRA ARGUMENTS ARE AS FOR READ, NAMELY
A FILE AND/OR EOF VALUE (WHICH SHOULD BE A FIXNUM).
AN INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE IS THAT TYIPEEK BY DEFAULT RETURNS
-1 INSTEAD OF 3 AT END OF FILE AND NEWIO.
(STATUS FILEMODE <FILE>) RETURNS A DOTTED PAIR WHOSE CAR
IS A LIST OF VALID OPTIONS TO THE OPEN FUNCTION, DESCRIBING
THE ATTRIBUTES OF THE FILE, AND WHOSE CDR IS A LIST OF
SEMI-SYSTEM-DEPENDENT SYMBOLS DESCRIBING ATTRIBUTES WHICH CANNOT
BE FED TO OPEN. AMONG THESE ATTRIBUTES ARE:
RUBOUT THIS TTY CAN SELECTIVELY ERASE.
SAIL THIS TTY HAS THE SAIL CHARACTER SET.
CURSORPOS THIS TTY CAN DO CURSOR POSITIONING.
(SSTATUS TTYCONS <TTY1> <TTY2>) EFFECTIVELY BINDS TWO TTY
FILES INTO A SINGLE CONSOLE. ONE OF THE TTY'S SHOULD BE AN
INPUT TTY, AND THE OTHER AN OUTPUT TTY. INITIALLY THE
SYSTEM PERFORMS (SSTATUS TTYCONS T T) FOR YOU.
(STATUS TTYCONS <TTY>) RETURNS THE TTY WHICH THE ONE YOU
SPECIFIED IS LINKED TO, OR NIL IF IT ISN'T LINKED.
THIS IS USEFUL, FOR EXAMPLE, IN A **MORE** INTERRUPT,
TO DETERMINE WHICH INPUT TTY TO READ THE CHARACTER FROM.
(STATUS TTYINT <CHAR> <INPUT TTY>)
(SSTATUS TTYINT <CHAR> <FUNCTION> <INPUT TTY>)
THESE STATUS FUNCTION ARE USED TO SET UP AND EXAMINE
INTERRUPT CHARACTER FUNCTIONS FOR TTY INPUT FILES.
IF <FILE> IS OMITTED, T (THE STANDARD TTY) IS ASSUMED.
<CHAR> SHOULD BE EITHER A NUMERIC ASCII VALUE, OR
A SINGLE CHARACTER OBJECT. NOTE THAT <CHAR> IS ALWAYS
EVALUATED, UNLIKE (STATUS CHTRAN), FOR EXAMPLE.
<FUNCTION> SHOULD BE EITHER A FUNCTION OF TWO ARGUMENTS
OR A FIXNUM. IF IT IS A FUNCTION, THEN WHEN THE INTERRUPT
OCCURS IT RECEIVES AS ARGUMENTS THE FILE ON WHICH THE
INTERRUPT OCCURRED, AND THE CHARACTER TYPED, AS A FIXNUM.
IF THE FUNCTION IS A FIXNUM, IT REPRESENTS THE INTERNAL
SYSTEMIC INTERRUPT INITIALLY ASSOCIATED WITH THAT CHARACTER.
THUS, FOR EXAMPLE:
(SSTATUS TTYINT 7
'(LAMBDA (F CH) (PRINC '|WHY DID YOU TYPE ↑G? |)))
(SSTATUS TTYINT 6 7)
WILL CAUSE ↑F T DO A "↑G QUIT", AND ↑G MERELY TO PRINT THE
MESSAGE "WHY DID YOU TYPE ↑G? ".
NOTE THAT AN INTERRUPT CAN BE ASSOCIATED WITH ANY ASCII
CHARACTER, NOT JUST CONTROL CHARACTERS. (FOR A FRUSTRATING
EXPERIENCE, SET ")" TO BE A "↑G QUIT".) ON ITS, HOWEVER,
ONE MUST USE (SSTATUS TTY) TO TELL ITS THAT THINGS LIKE
"?" OR "#" ARE TO BE CONSIDERED INTERRUPT CHARACTERS
(THIS IS SIMILAR TO THE ACTIVATION CHARACTER PROBLEM).
THE MEANINGFUL SYSTEMIC INTERRUPT VALUES ARE:
OCTAL VALUE CHAR WHAT IT DOES
3 ↑C (SETQ ↑D NIL)
4 ↑D (SETQ ↑D T)
7 ↑G ↑G QUIT
22 ↑R (SETQ ↑R T)
24 ↑T (SETQ ↑R NIL)
26 ↑V (SETQ ↑W NIL)
27 ↑W (SETQ ↑W T)
30 ↑X ↑X QUIT
32 ↑Z RETURN TO DDT
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN (SSTATUS TTYINT 1 4) AND
(SSTATUS TTYINT 1 '(LAMBDA (F CH) (SETQ ↑D T)))
IS THAT THE FORMER WILL LET THE INTERRUPT HAPPEN AND
TAKE EFFECT EVEN IF IN A PLACE WHERE A GENERAL USER
FUNCTION MAY NOT BE RUN, E.G. IN THE MIDDLE OF A GARBAGE
COLLECTION.
NOTE THAT INITIALLY ↑S IS SET TO BE LIKE ↑W AS AN
INTERRUPT CHARACTER (SEE BELOW).
↑Q IS NO LONGER INITIALLY AN INTERRUPT CHARACTER,
BUT A SPLICING MACRO AND FORCE-FEED WHOSE DEFINITION
IS (LAMBDA NIL (SETQ ↑Q T) NIL). THIS HAS THE SAME
EFFECT WHEN TYPED AT THE KEYBOARD AS BEFORE, BUT
PREVENTS CERTAIN TIMING SCREWS.
↑S NO LONGER DOES (SETQ ↑Q NIL). INSTEAD, IT IS THE
SAME AS ↑W AS AN INTERRUPT CHARACTER. UNLIKE ↑W,
IT IS ALSO A SPLICING MACRO AND FORCE-FEED, WITH THE
DEFINITION (LAMBDA NIL (SETQ ↑W NIL) (TERPRI) NIL).
THUS IF A LONG PRINTOUT IS COMING AT YOU, JUST TYPE
↑S AND YOU WILL SEE A TERPRI WHEN CONTROL RETURNS TO
THE KEYBOARD. THIS IS LIKE ↑S IN DDT, AND REPLACES
THE OLD TRICK OF TYPING ↑W AND THEN (IOC V).
↑Z NO LONGER DOES A :VK TO DDT.
↑U NO LONGER RELEASES THE PAGEPAUSE (WHICH IS ALSO GONE).
↑B AND ↑E DO NOT TOGGLE LPT OUTPUT.
LOSERS CAN PROGRAM THIS FOR THEMSELVES.
SEE ML:GLS;NIFTY QIO.
↑H IS ALPHABETIC IN NEW I/O, FOR COMPATIBILITY WITH
MULTICS, AND SO YOU CAN UNDERLINE NAMES. BEWARE!
A<BACKSPACE>← IS NOT THE SAME ATOM AS ←<BACKSPACE>A.
(THERE WILL EVENTUALLY BE A USER-PROGRAMMABLE
SOLUTION TO THIS "BUG" - A LINE CANONICALIZER.)
↑B IN NEW I/O GIVES A "↑B BREAK", WHICH IS THE SAME AS
THE "↑H BREAK" OF OLD I/O.
FOR TTY OUTPUT FILES ON ITS, THE ENDPAGEFN IS NOT TRIPPED WHEN
THE LINENUM EXCEEDS PAGEL. RATHER, THE **MORE** INTERRUPT
IS USED, WHICH IS MORE ACCURATE FOR DETECING THE BOTTOM OF
THE SCREEN. WHEN THE TTY REACHES THE BOTTOM OF THE SCREEN,
THE ENDPAGEFN FOR THE TTY IS INVOKED; IT RECEIVES AS ARGUMENT
THE FILE ON WHICH THE INTERRUPT OCCURRED.
HERE ARE SOME NEAT FUNCTIONS FOR USING THE **MORE** FEATURE
(THEY LIVE IN ML:GLS;NIFTY QIO):
(DECLARE (SPECIAL **MORE** MORE-FLUSH))
(SETQ **MORE** '##MORE##)
(SETQ MORE-FLUSH NIL)
;;; TTY-ENDPAGEFN IS AN ENDPAGEFN FOR THE TTY FOR PROCESSING
;;; **MORE** INTERRUPTS. WHAT IT DOES DEPENDS ON TWO
;;; GLOBAL VARIABLES (BOUND BY THE CATCHMORE MACRO):
;;; **MORE** MORE-FLUSH ACTION
;;; NIL NIL NOTHING
;;; NON-NIL NIL "DUMB" MORE PROCESSING;
;;; I.E. PRINT THE VALUE
;;; OF **MORE** AND WAIT FOR
;;; THE LOSER TO TYPE SOMETHING,
;;; BUT NO PROVISION FOR FLUSHING
;;; NIL NON-NIL FLUSH IMMEDIATELY BY DOING
;;; (THROW NIL CLEVER-MORE).
;;; THIS IS GOOD FOR PRINTING
;;; EXACTLY ENOUGH TO FILL A SCREEN.
;;; NON-NIL NON-NIL "SMART" MORE PROCESSING;
;;; I.E. PRINC THE VALUE OF
;;; **MORE** AND WAIT FOR A
;;; CHARACTER. IF SPACE OR
;;; RUBOUT, GOBBLE IT. IF IT
;;; WAS SPACE, JUST RETURN;
;;; OTHERWISE FLUSH BY PRINC'ING
;;; MORE-FLUSH AND DOING
;;; (THROW NIL CLEVER-MORE).
(DEFUN TTY-ENDPAGEFN (FILE)
(COND (**MORE** (PRINC **MORE**)
((LAMBDA (IFILE)
((LAMBDA (CH)
(AND (OR (= CH 40)
(= CH 177))
(TYI IFILE))
(COND ((AND MORE-FLUSH
(NOT (= CH 40)))
(PRINC MORE-FLUSH)
(THROW NIL CLEVER-MORE))
(T (CURSORPOS NIL 0 FILE)
(CURSORPOS 'L FILE)
(CURSORPOS 'T FILE))))
(TYIPEEK NIL IFILE)))
(OR (STATUS TTYCONS FILE) T)))
(MORE-FLUSH (THROW NIL CLEVER-MORE))))
(ENDPAGEFN T 'TTY-ENDPAGEFN)
;;; (CATCHMORE X Y Z) EVALUATES Z WITH A **MORE** CATCH
;;; AROUND IT. THIS COOPERATES WITH TTY-ENDPAGEFN
;;; TO DO **MORE** PROCESSING.
;;; THUS, FOR EXAMPLE, (CATCHMORE '**MORE** 'FLUSHED <STUFF>)
;;; WHERE <STUFF> DOES SOME PRINTING WILL PERFORM THE
;;; STANDARD KIND OF **MORE** PROCESSING, FLUSHING <STUFF>
;;; IF A NON-SPACE IS TYPED.
;;; THE MACRODEF MACRO-DEFINER LIVES IN ML:GLS;MACROS >.
(MACRODEF CATCHMORE (MOREMSG FLUSHMSG . BODY)
(CATCH ((LAMBDA (**MORE** MORE-FLUSH) . BODY)
MOREMSG FLUSHMSG)
CLEVER-MORE))
(DEFUN DIR FEXPR (X) ;LIST AN ITS FILE DIRECTORY
(TERPRI)
(CURSORPOS 'C)
((LAMBDA (FILE)
(CATCHMORE '|---TYPE SPACE FOR MORE---|
'|OH, WELL, SO MUCH FOR THAT...|
(DO ((CH (TYI FILE) (TYI FILE)))
((= CH 14))
(TYO CH)))
(CLOSE FILE))
(OPEN (CONS (CONS 'DSK X) '(/.FILE/. /(DIR/)))))
(ASCII 0))
FASLOADING WITHIN A FASLOAD WORKS PRETTY WELL.
NATURALLY, YOU CAN ONLY FASLOAD *BETWEEO*:N←Lz9l4R∩⊗Zεe*εR⊗"α∞>:≥"ε:R~⊃α↑&$B&9α
α~V:≥"&>9∧jεeαtzP4*$yα~ε≤b>ε∩~q↓↓"L1αf>*α∩>9=!αV:$*JNR r⊃αRDJMα2
~Qα&$*504T">9≡"α↑>J∃I9$4Ph*~>∀~∃6>-"BVQ∧JMαε~α&9α$B∃α6 rVε1Zα&Qα4zJ∞⊗~αε9α∃*~~⊗∩α>VQph*∞2,
I6&uαVQα r⊃α∞d*εI6⎇*RBV"α
>RBα⊗b&≥!9↓α|qα&R~αR"⊗JαεJ∀hR6⊗εtJ:≡~,aα>:eIα~>∩αRRe∧2&2⊗~aαR"⎇*≡!α$B⊗eα$z9≡Q∧BVJQ∧z84* reα>$B⊗Iα4J2⊗Mph(4*$B∃αN$
RVM∧~ε22~α
⊗2⎇9αεJ*α⊗FVM2ε2⊗u!αR=¬""∀4T*bBJ-~N&>u→αR=¬""∃α∀J≡"Qbαε:⊃∧
J∃αLr∞2V$*⊃α>tbd4*4zIα∞|jBεRL∩&2&%Iα↑&$Aα>2"α%>=r↓αεZ|J⊃αV≤J:≥α$B⊗N∀hRNRε%*Mα∞ b2MαLqα:⊗:α∞>∩*p4*:⎇"∃αRD
Q↓"≥"εRV~αVJ⊗ !%α⊗$→9αJ-"VJ:~α¬α:-9α%>zα:ε6,b&NQ`h*↑"L~!α&~α:>Q¬
V&R*α>→α$B∃αN j∃α~⎇∩5αε~αε9α|b⊃α%|y↓Q6dJNQ8hP4)"≥"εRV~αVJ⊗ !%↓↓α↓↓↓↓βauy↓αBRJV,rε6∃¬*J⊗ε"H4)"≥~RεR-→αVJ,
⊃↓9rq%↓↓βauy↓αBVJ⊗ !↓99rH4)"≥"εRV~αV↑JM"∃%↓α↓↓↓↓βauy↓αB∞εIαBRJV,rε6∃¬*↑J&$)%$4RBNNR
"VMα-:J&R*↓999J↓↓qur↓↓"V=∩&R∃αq99$hQ"NR
"VMα≥∩~&2*I↓↓↓α↓↓↓qkq↓↓"≤"I↓"$*~εVe"→α:La%$4RBNNR
"VMα≥∩~&2*↓999J↓↓qur↓↓"∩,2εV2$1↓≥!rq9%$hQ"NR
"VMα≥∩V:&"I↓↓↓α↓↓↓qkq↓↓"≥∩V:&"α:&1Hh)"N≥"εRV~α∞JVtJQ↓9rq%↓↓ciy↓↓D~JV:M!↓99rH4(4T2>Iα≤z6Bε$J
&2M"eα↑M"!α>d!α%>zaα&→¬""∃α4J2∃αM→α>6M"R⊗⊂hR&9α$B∃αN$
RVM∧~ε22~α
⊗2⎇91αRD)αZεe*∃αQαBR"∃¬~Rε:$
J⊂4TJ:&RL
1αR%I%α&~αεNN,j⊗⊃8hP4)"≥"εRV~αRRe¬A%α" r∩Mα∀
∞-α$B∃αR%JNQEbαRRf≥!I1α r⊃αR%JNRLhP&Zε∀Jε
2-→α~>∩αR"∃¬"ReαLrBVQ∧2&2∃¬AαεM∧ α2&≥ 4(&|1αR"∀*∃α~MB:V6~p4(4RBNNR
"VMα%"eα5∧qαa%¬~⊗RM¬""∃α%"fNQ
αε:⊃¬"RfN#⊃αZε∀Jε
2-_4(&4zIαRD)αRRJα&:B-!α~&d)αaα$yαR"*α~&bu*6Mαjαε:⊃∧q84(hQ"NR
"VMα%"fJ⊗ !αa%∧Bε:∩~α
ε∞ZαR"∃¬"RfJ,
⊃αN<JR∞!∧2>Iα$B∀4(M"ReαLrBVQ∧2&2∃¬A9↓αL1α:&baαR",qα>:eIα~>∀~∃6~,*⊂4(L~"εJ ~R⊗J~α∞εV≤)αR"*αRRe¬αJ∃6≤~ε9α5*:∞RLz9αRxh(&J-"VJ9¬:&R!∧JRMα∃*~~⊗∀*⊃α2M~Qα>2α∞"ε∀
∞R⊗∃→84(hQ"NN$
RVM¬"RfJ,
⊃αZ aαa%¬~⊗RM¬""∃α≥:&R∞BαR=α"α>IαtJ04(L
∞∞>∀"&:≥¬"=αZ a84(hQ"NR
"VMαdJ:6>$)αa%∧Bε:∩~α
ε∞ZαR"∃∧b&:6|"∃αN<JR∞!∧2>Iα$B∀4(M"ReαLrBVQ∧2&2∃¬A9↓αL1αQ1¬""⊗9∧z:2e∧~εJJL
≡∀4PJJ⊗R-∩:Mα≤
VN∃¬""∃α%"eαB∀)6N∞ qα~Vt~R&>rαR<4PJJ⊗R-∩9α↑M"!α&%→α
V42⊗J⊗"α2&N"α>→α≤BεJε≥"⊗JMph(4)E~NRε%*Mα2Lr6>∩*αZε1¬A%αN-"MαRD)α2&tj>∩∃¬~↑&R≤A84(LJQαεe~=αε42⊗∞R~αR"∃∧
∞R&4
R&>rα
&R~α&84PJR"∃¬"RfN# αε:"αRRf≥!IαZ
∩&ε
d*M84Ph)55ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555jh4*RDJ:≡M¬:"&∞Bα"εZ*α∩&N
αB⊗ε∀*⊃α&rα:⊗]∧I>=1∧r>Qα$yα
∃∧J6B2,j⊗:R, 4)5ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji555ji44)E~RεR-→α&:$*JJV¬!%αεt!↓"N≥"εRV~α&:R-∩JVB"Iα∩=∧r>Qα-B&NPhR&9αt*↑&=r↓↓"⊗t"Bε≡,29↓r4J2∃yβb~V:≥"&>9rIα&M¬*N⊗⊃¬"=αN-!αV@hQ)*6⎇∩∃))∧J:R⊗∃∩VBR≠Y↓"N≥"εRV~αRRfLrQ%αM→αVN,!αR=¬~⊗Qα5*:∞RLz:L4T2>IαLrR⊗J∃*BQα≤BεJε≥"⊗JMr↓αε2bα>R"-⊃α&:$*JJV¬!α~Vt~R&>u_4*ε∀)αR"*αZε2,*Mα>2αεR>lJ
αNLj
>2~aαε:"αN=α≤
9α
*αN⊗Q¬*@4*<JR!α≤*RE9ααR"∃∧rε6⊗~α>→α$B⊗N∃¬2εJ& ∩2⊗M∧
J∃hhP4*εd
J6∞dz∞,$M*:∩→l2:∞Rph*εV$z2>ε H&V:∀r⊃6Z∀∩04*-∩JN⊗ H$&↑∀r≥6RMα∃6ε∀84)*∃~⊗Q6%∩ε@$M*:N⊗,q6≡=m"ε≤4T:
6∩ *6>8HJ↑J::j:=6
∩≡L4T:
6>4*J~2⎇8$&≡~j2>N≤
≡∀4Uα∩16⎇2⊗J~dz\$&4
&16 ~P4(HH&&=lb>NN :∀4(hRR"∃∧z:2e∧z:∃α|1αR"-~∃α↑DJ∞!αM→α:⊗:α&9αt*↑&=∧JMαε-">2> !04*<B&∞!∧B>2∩~αR"∃∧
VR>dzε⊃αLrR⊗J∃*BQαD
:∩2-⊃84(hR2>ε$
JJεM→αε:"α∩V6∧
JJεM→α:=∧b>:≡-⊃α⊗bM~Q9↓∧ α6>∀)α≡⊗t*Jε0hR:⊗]∧I>=α¬∩&6&$JZ∃α<J21α-2⊗:R,
22e∧*:ε
d)αR"*αVN⊗∩αR=α=∩&R∀hRR"⊗≤)α~Vt~R&>u→α~>∩α"&6≤*2→↓D αNR r∩εJ"αBε∞\
≡∃α-
V&Z b⊗:PhRR=α$B∃α>d!α>:-→α↑&daα
∃¬αJ>ZL"⊗⊃%ph(4*Lz
α:zα2>:<*Iα⊗DJNRM∧J9α:-9α%>zq↓αV≤)αR"*α~>2dz↑&:8h(&R ∩2∃α|1α⊗F,JZε2,r∞⊗MPh)"&|→α
%βauy↓E~⊗RE¬r⊃α:La$4)DJ>
α"I↓qur↓"N⊗% αz⊃¬!$4)DJ>
α:I↓qur↓"z≥Hh)"&|→αE%βauy↓E~⊗RE¬rEαQHh)"&|→αI%βauy↓E~⊗RE¬rIαQHh)"&|→αM%βauy↓E~⊗RE¬rEα:La$4)DJ>
α"I↓qur↓"N⊗% αzI∧r&1$hQ"&>~αY%↓ciy↓"≤*REαu9α:&bH4)"Lz
α]J↓quyαB∞2⊗
⊃6>V%αVQ↓E~⊗RE¬r]αQJH4)"Lz
αaJ↓quyαBza$hQ"&>~αi%↓ciy↓"4
2J⊗"↓≥jZZy↓$4U"=α&u2>.∃¬*N⊗I∧J:R⊗∃∩VBQ∧2V:∞$J>:Mbα*VN"α~V:≤
21α$B⊗58hP4*&|9α:=∧b>:≡-⊃α⊗bM~RM9αα&:N$*ε⊃α|1↓"&|9α:&b↓999JαNεe∧J:NR,
⊂4(JA"2εl∩∩¬↓ErEαz∩αz]%αq99%∧r&1αtJ1α:La%84Ph)"N$
RVM∧J>
%b↓"NN$
RVM∧J>
%∧r=α2|r≡⊗I∧*b&N"p4(&$B⊗&I∧*~~⊗≥!α∞εrα
∃α%*B2&≤
R⊗⊃∧∩eαV≤J:≤4PJN⊗R
aα~Vt~ε21bα>Iα$B∃α:-9αza∧
:⊃αt84(&5*:∞RLz:M8hP4)"≥"εRV~αR⊗J¬∩%%1αBNNR
"VMα$*JBJJIα:=∧b>:≡-⊃α⊗bM~Q84PJR=α<*QαRD*&Iα,2~⊗∞"aαVN*αR"∃∧b&:⊗bα~V:≥"&>8hP&R=¬~⊗Qα$B∃α2Lr⊗1α4zIα⊗ ~!α>-"BVQ∧2&2∃¬"=↓Aph(%"
α2&:,aα>→¬R⊗J=∧j⊗ε:~α&:~Lr&RerH4(4RBNRε%*MαB :⊗Bε-~∃%1αBNNR
"VMα∧
≡⊗B
*N∃%∧r=α2|r≡⊗I∧*b&N"p4(&$B⊗eαD
Z∃α∀*⊗9α≥*B⊗J≤*∩⊗⊃∧∩eαRD)↓)*lzJ∃)Ph(&&u"⊗JJ-αQα~,
RVJ*p4(04)∩y]=]*↓↓↓5∧R>:1∧
:⊃α<bM↓4hP4*
∀J⊗→α≥J:>B≤JMh4UYFuα$B∃αZ bV∃α|1αBJLqEα∞|rRJ>e→αVN*α>→α¬∩&9E∧∩eα2M~A84UYJuαt*]α∞|jB2I¬~↑&R≤B⊗M1∧
:⊃α$*∞2ε∀
R&>u→1αεt!αR"Lr≡MhhP&mJ
iαzy∧r>]α,rR⊗J~α6ε.d
A84PJmJ
jα∞>6∧J2⊗Im~RεR*αR=α$*R⊗JlJ:∃α≥"εR∃∧z→α∞|jB&2-⊃84(MYJ∞u∧*bBIlBεN!αB∃αN<JR∞!Jα~>I∧2V:∞$J>9αD
N"&t984(MYJ∩u¬""∃α<b>
εbαZεJL
2∃α∩N>
∩Jεe∩α">2%→αR"*αεJJ
IαB>LrR⊗Ih(%↓α↓↓αRzαR"∃¬~Rε:$
J⊃αdJNAα|∩εJJ
I84(MYJ⊗u∧*>
6-2ε1α$yα⊗Z aαR"Lr≡Mα 2R⊗I∧~>6BLbεR&|qα&M∧~>6Bd*R⊗⊃ph(&m∀2uα∞⎇*RBV"αR=α⎇*RBV"αR"&t:MαRzαR"∃∧bεAα4J2∃8hP&mJ=iα∩>u!α⊗Z-⊃1α
-!α⊗Z-⊃1αV≤*I↓
*>R∃∩αεMα
α2ε6∀"¬α>∩4(%α↓↓↓α¬∩>≥α4
J&ε∀b∃84UYNuα4
2V∃∧z→α∩,2V9α≤z:RJ|bMα⊗EαI6"
~!α∞∀z∞-αLqα&:$*JBJ-"⊗I8hRmRu¬*N∃α∧b&NQ∧
:⊃α≤*RB2M~QαRzαε∞∞-~Mαεt!αNR⎇∩∃αB∀zB⊗J%Iα2&≥"L4*[*u↓
∀z6ε9∩αεBB,
JMα|qαR"*α~⊗ε%*J∃αdJNQα\:>RR,qα
eαBNRε%*Mα~,
RVJ-→%04R↓↓↓α⎇⊃αR⊗≥"⊗⊃α∃I↓"N$
RVM∧1i9wEATURE ROMAN)] IF THAT HACK IS ASSEMBLED IN.
[6] ON A DEC-10 MONITOR, (STATUS JNAME) RETURNS "NNNLSP".
[7] ← FIXNUM OUTPUT FORMAT EXTENDED TO ←22, ←11.
[8] (STATUS FREE ...), (SSTATUS FREE ...) FLUSHED.
[9] MANY CHANGES TO THE BREAK AND *BREAK FUNCTIONS:
[4A] BREAK OF THREE ARGUMENTS NO LONGER EXISTS.
[4B] BREAK/*BREAK LAMBDA-BIND *, +, -.
[4C] ([S]STATUS BREAKLEVEL) IS LIKE ([S]STATUS TOPLEVEL).
[4D] BREAK USES A CATCH; (THROW <VALUE> BREAK) EXITS.
ALSO, AN ATTEMPT TO EXPLAIN BREAK AND TOPLEVEL IN EXPR CODE
----------------------------------------------------------------
[1] THE VALUE OF THE ATOM "PRIN1" NOW CONTROLS THE ACTION OF
PRINTING BY THE TOP-LEVEL AND BREAK ROUTINES. IN SHORT, AN
ITEM X RESULTING FROM THE EVALUATION IN THESE LOOPS IS
PRINTED LIKE
(COND (PRIN1 (FUNCALL PRIN1 X))
(T (PRIN1 X)))
THIS FEATURE EXISTS PRIMARILY FOR THE OWL SYSTEM, WHICH HAS
CIRCULAR LIST STRUCTURE ABUNDANT, AND DOESN'T NEED TO
REWRITE THE ENTIRE TOP-LEVEL ROUTINE MERELY TO ACCOUNT FOR
THE PRINTING OF CIRCULAR STRUCTURE.
[2] SOME NEW SWITCHES AND DECLARATIONS FOR THE COMPILER:
[2A] TYPING ↑↑ NOW ENTERS MAKLAP [JUST AS IN MACSYMA, WHERE ↑↑
DOES A (CONTINUE)].
[2B] COMPILER-STATE
THIS VARIABLE REVEALS TO THE USER ONE OF THREE STATES
THAT THE COMPILER MAY BE IN, AND IS OF INTEREST TO
SOMEONE WHO WANTS TO WRITE SOPHISTICATED MACROS WHICH
EXPAND IN DIFFERENT WAYS DEPENDING ON THE REASON FOR
THE EXPANSION. POSSIBLE VALUES FOR COMPILER-STATE:
[2B1] "TOPLEVEL"
THE COMPILER IS AT THE TOP LEVEL OF LISP.
[2B2] "MAKLAP"
THE COMPILER IS SCANNING AN INPUT FILE LOOKING
FOR FUNCTION DEFINITIONS TO COMPILE. IN THIS
STATE THE COMPILER WILL EXPAND ANY TOP-LEVEL
FORM (FOO ...) FOR WHICH FOO HAS A MACRO
PROPERTY TO SEE IF A FUNCTION DEFINITION IS
PRODUCED [WHICH WOULD THEN BE COMPILED].
[2B3] "COMPILE"
THE COMPILER IS ACTUALLY COMPILING A FORM
WHICH IS A FUNCTION DEFINITION, PRODUCING
LAP CODE. IN THIS STATE ANY SUB-FORM
(FOO ...) WHICH IS TO BE COMPILED IS EXPANDED
IF FOO HAS A MACRO PROPERTY.
RANDOM EXAMPLE:
WHEN A FUNCTION IS DEFINED YOU WANT THE FLATSIZE OF
THE DEFINITION TO BE PUT ON THE PROPERTY LIST OF
THE FUNCTION. IF THE FUNCTION IS COMPILED, YOU WANT
TO ARRANGE TO OUTPUT AN APPROPRIATE DEFPROP INTO
THE LAP FILE.
(DEFUN STRANGE-DEFUN MACRO (FORM)
;DO THE MACRO THING (NOT HAIRY)
(RPLACA FORM 'DEFUN)
;NOW HACK THE FLATSIZE THING
(COND ((OR (NULL (BOUNDP COMPILER-STATE))
(EQ COMPILER-STATE 'TOPLEVEL))
;IF INTERPRETING, OR AT COMPILER TOPLEVEL,
; JUST GO AHEAD AND DO THE PUTPROP
(PUTPROP (CADR FORM)
(FLATSIZE FORM)
'STRANGE-FLATSIZE))
((EQ COMPILER-STATE 'MAKLAP)
;IF COMPILING A TOP-LEVEL FORM FROM A FILE,
; ARRANGE FOR A DEFPROP IN THE LAP FILE
(COUTPUT (LIST 'DEFPROP
(CADR FORM)
(FLATSIZE FORM)
'STRANGE-FLATSIZE)))
((EQ COMPILER-STATE 'COMPILE)
;WE DON'T WANT A DEFPROP IN THE
; MIDDLE OF ANY LAP CODE!
(ERROR 'STRANGE-DEFUN/ IN/ SUBFORM
FORM
'FAIL-ACT))))
[2C] EXPR-HASH
THIS FEATURE CONTROLS THE AUTOMATIC OUTPUTTING BY THE
COMPILER OF A DEFPROP FOR EACH FUNCTION COMPILED WHICH
DEFINES AN "EXPR-HASH" PROPERTY FOR THAT FUNCTION. THIS
PROPERTY IS A NUMBER, WHICH IS THE SXHASH OF THE
LAMBDA-FORM STORED AS THE EXPR PROPERTY OF THE FUNCTION
WHEN USED IN EXPRFORM. THE INTENDED USE OF THIS IS TO
HAVE A QUICK, AUTOMATIC SCHEME TO DECIDE WHICH FUNCTIONS
HAVE BEEN EDITED SINCE COMPILATION, AND TO READ IN THE
EXPR VERSIONS OF THOSE CHANGED FUNCTIONS. STORING THE
SXHASH OF THE LAMBDA DEFINITION OF THE FUNCTION LENDS
ITSELF TO SIMPLE, QUICK, AND NON-SPACE-CONSUMING (IF NOT
COMPLETELY FOOLPROOF) METHODS. IT IS SET EITHER BY
A DECLARATION
(DECLARE (EXPR-HASH <T-OR-NIL>))
OR BY USING THE "E" SWITCH IN THE MAKLAP COMMAND LINE.
[SEE ITEM [3] BELOW FOR AN ASSOCIATED CHANGE IN DEFUN.]
[2D] SOBARRAY
THIS VARIABLE HOLDS A POINTER TO THE STANDARD LISP OBARRAY,
IN WHICH THE COMPILER ITSELF IS RESIDENT. "COBARRAY" HOLDS
THE ARRAY POINTER TO THE COMPILER'S OBARRAY USED WHILE
COMPILING FILES. THESE TWO VARIABLES FACILITATE WRITING
OBARRAY-SWITCHING FUNCTIONS.
[2E] EOC-EVAL
THIS VARIABLE HOLDS A LIST OF FORMS TO BE EVALUATED
AFTER COMPILATION OF A FILE HAS BEEN COMPLETED. ONE CAN
SET IT FROM A DECLARE, OR USE THE FUNCTION "EOC-EVAL"
WHICH CONSES THE ITEMS OF THE CALLING FORM ONTO THE LIST
STORED IN EOC-EVAL. AT THE TIME OF COMPLETION OF
COMPILATION, (MAPC 'EVAL EOC-EVAL) IS DONE.
EOC-EVAL IS RESET BY INITIALIZATION, OR BY THE WHIM
OF THE USER.
[2F] COUTPUT
THIS FUNCTION SHOULD BE USED TO OUTPUT RANDOM FORMS
TO THE LAP FILE. THIS IS CURRENTLY DONE BY USING
PRINT; THUS ONE USED TO SAY, FOR EXAMPLE
(DECLARE (PRINT (LIST 'SETQ
'VERSION
(CADR (STATUS UREAD)))))
IT IS ANTICIPATED, HOWEVER, THAT EVENTUALLY THE COMPILER
MAY NOT WRITE A LAP FILE, BUT WILL BUFFER UP FORMS
FOR THE ASSEMBLY PASS. THEREFORE THE FUNCTION
COUTPUT SHOULD BE USED INSTEAD:
(DECLARE (COUTPUT (LIST 'SETQ
'VERSION
(CADR (STATUS UREAD)))))
WHICH WILL DO THE CORRECT THING IN THE FUTURE
WHEN THE BUFFERING MODE MATERIALIZES.
[3] THE VALUE OF THE VARIABLE DEFUN CONTROLS A CROCK IN THE
WORKINGS OF THE FUNCTION DEFUN. IF THE VALUE OF DEFUN
IS NON-NIL, THEN EVALUATING (DEFUN FOO ...) WILL SUCCEED
IN CREATING THE NEW DEFINITION ONLY IF EITHER:
[A] FOO HAS NO EXPR-HASH PROPERTY.
[B] FOO HAS AN EXPR-HASH PROPERTY, BUT IT IS NOT
THE SAME AS SXHASH OF THE LAMBDA FORM FOR THE
NEW DEFINITION.
THUS A POOR MAN'S WAY TO USE THE COMPILER'S EXPR-HASH
FEATURE IS TO COMPILE A FILE WITH THE (E) SWITCH,
LOAD IT INTO A LISP, EDIT THE FILE SOME, DO (SETQ DEFUN T),
THEN JUST READ IN THE UPDATED SOURCE, AND THE EXPR-HASH
SCHEME WILL (PROBABLY) REDEFINE ONLY THOSE FUNCTIONS
WHICH HAVE CHANGED, AND LEAVE THE SUBR VERSIONS IN FORCE
FOR UNCHANGED FUNCTIONS, PROBABLY.
[4] THE NEW SUBR OF ONE ARGUMENT, PLIST, IS USED TO RETRIEVE THE
PROPERTY LIST OF A SYMBOL; THIS FUNCTION WORKS ON ALL SYMBOLS
INCLUDING NIL, WHEREAS CDR WILL WORK ONLY FOR NON-NULL SYMBOLS
IN NON-*RSET MODE. SIMILAR REMARKS HOLD FOR THE NEW SUBR OF TWO
ARGUMENTS, SETPLIST. (SETPLIST X (PLIST X)) SHOULD BE A NOOP.
[5] IF "ROMAN" IS A FEATURE OF THE LISP YOU ARE USEING, THEN
YOU CAN TRY (SETQ IBASE 'ROMAN) OR (SETQ BASE 'ROMAN) FOR
FUN AND GAMES; OTHERWISE, NO.
[6] IN THE DEC-10 VERSION OF MACLISP, (STATUS JNAME) RETURNS
THE ATOMIC SYMBOL "NNNLSP", WHERE NNN IS THE JOB NUMBER
IN DECIMAL. THIS IS A STANDARD FIRST FILE NAME FOR
TEMPORARY FILES, ETC.
[7] TO MAKE THE ← FORMAT OF FIXNUM OUTPUT MORE USEFUL,
THE FOLLOWING FORMATS ARE NOW USED [WHEN IBASE IS 8
AND (STATUS ←) IS T]:
IF THE NUMBER IS SMALLER THAN 2**18.,
OR IF THE LOW NINE BITS IN THE BINARY REPRESENTATION
ARE NOT ALL ZERO,
THEN THE ← FORMAT IS NOT USED.
IF THE LOW 41 BITS ARE ALL ZERO, THEN N←41 IS USED.
IF THE LOW 33 BITS ARE ALL ZERO, THEN N←33 IS USED.
IF THE LOW 22 BITS ARE ALL ZERO, THEN N←22 IS USED.
OTHERWISE, N←11 IS USED.
NOTE THAT THESE CORRESPOND TO QUARTER-WORD BOUNDARIES
(EXCEPT N←41); BUT N←11 IS NOT USED IF 6 OR FEWER
DIGITS WOULD SUFFICE.
[8] (STATUS FREE ...) AND (SSTATUS FREE ...) HAVE BEEN, OR
SOON WILL BE, FLUSHED, SINCE THEY ARE OBSOLETE AND
MAINLY A PAIN TO MAINTAIN.
[9] MANY CHANGES TO THE BREAK FUNCTION:
[9A] BREAK OF THREE ARGUMENTS HAS BEEN FLUSHED.
(THE THIRD ARGUMENT USED TO BE A FORM TO BE
EVALUATED IF ≠P WERE TYPED.)
[9B] *BREAK (ERGO ALSO BREAK) NOW LAMBDA-BINDS
*, +, AND - TO THEIR OWN CURRENT VALUES SO THAT
THEY WILL BE RESTORED ON EXIT FROM THE BREAK.
[9C] (STATUS BREAKLEVEL) AND (SSTATUS BREAKLEVEL <FORM>)
ARE ANALOGOUS TO (STATUS TOPLEVEL) AND
(SSTATUS TOPLEVEL <FORM>). THE DEFAULT BREAKLEVEL,
LIKE THE DEFAULT TOPLEVEL, IS A READ-EVAL-PRINT
LOOP WHICH UPDATES *, +, AND - PROPERLY.
[9D] BREAK HAS BEEN REDEFINED USING CATCH, WITH A
CATCH-TAG OF "BREAK". IF AT ANY TIME WITHIN A
BREAK THE FORM (THROW <VALUE> BREAK) IS EXECUTED,
THE BREAK (OR *BREAK) FUNCTION WILL BE EXITED,
RETURNING <VALUE>. THUS, FOR EXAMPLE, IF ONE
TIRES OF TYPING (RETURN '(FOO)) TO UNBND-VRBL
BREAKS OR WHATEVER, ONE MIGHT DEFINE A MACRO-
CHARACTER
(SETSYNTAX '/: 'MACRO
'(LAMBDA NIL
(THROW (LIST (READ)) BREAK)))
AND SIMPLY TYPE :FOO AT THE UNBND-VRBL BREAK
TO USE THE VARIABLE FOO INSTEAD.
BELOW IS A NEW DEFINITION OF THE BREAK AND *BREAK FUNCTIONS W
WRITTEN IN LISP, AS WELL AS A HALF-HEARTED ATTEMPT AT
EXPLAINING THE TOP LEVEL LOOP.
(DEFUN BREAK FEXPR (X)
(*BREAK (EVAL (CADR X)) (CAR X)) ;NOTE ARGUMENT REVERSAL
;;; THE FIRST ARGUMENT TO BREAK IS A SWITCH, WHICH IF NIL CAUSES
;;; IMMEDIATE EXIT WITH NOTHING BEING DONE;
;;; OTHERWISE, THE VARIABLES ↑Q, ↑W, AND EVALHOOK ARE BOUND
;;; TO NIL, AND THE VARIABLES *, +, AND - ARE BOUND TO THEIR
;;; CURRENT VALUES, AND THE MESSAGE ";BKPT <BREAKID>" IS PRINTED.
;;; A READ-EVAL-PRINT LOOP SIMILAR TO THE TOP LEVEL LOOP
;;; IS THEN ENTERED. THIS BREAK LOOP IS SURROUNDED BY AN
;;; ERRSET AND A CATCH. ERRORS MERELY CAUSE THE BREAK
;;; LOOP TO BE RE-ENTERED.
;;; THE VALUE OF (STATUS BREAKLEVEL) SERVES A FUNCTION
;;; SIMILAR TO THAT OF (STATUS TOPLEVEL) IN THE TOP LEVEL
;;; LOOP.
;;; AS EACH FORM IS READ IN THE DEFAULT BREAK LOOP, THERE ARE
;;; FOUR CASES:
;;; [1] END OF FILE. THIS INDICATES OVER-RUBOUT AND
;;; SIMPLY CAUSES A TERPRI.
;;; [2] THE FORM IS THE ATOM ≠P. *BREAK RETURNS NIL.
;;; [3] THE FORM IS (RETURN <VALUE>). THE FORM <VALUE>
;;; IS EVALUATED AND RETURNED.
;;; [4] OTHERWISE, THE FORM IS EVALUATED AND THE RESULT
;;; PRINTED OUT IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO THE TOP
;;; LEVEL READ-EVAL-PRINT LOOP. THE VARIABLES +, -,
;;; AND * ARE UPDATED APPROPRIATELY. (RECALL, HOWEVER,
;;; THAT THEY WERE BOUND ON ENTRY TO *BREAK, AND SO
;;; WILL BE RESTORED EVENTUALLY.)
;;; THE WAY TO RETURN FROM A BREAK IS TO DO A THROW WITH
;;; A TAG OF "BREAK"; THIS WILL RETURN FROM THE CATCH WHICH
;;; SURROUNDS THE BREAK LOOP. THIS IS HOW CASES [2] AND [3]
;;; RETURN THEIR VALUES; CASE [4] MAY ALSO CAUSE A RETURN FROM
;;; THE BREAK.
(DECLARE (SPECIAL ≠Q ↑W EVALHOOK * + -))
(DEFUN *BREAK (BREAKP BREAKID)
(AND BREAKP
((LAMBDA (↑Q ↑W EVALHOOK * + -)
(TERPRI)
(PRINC '/;BKPT/ )
(PRINC BREAKID)
(SETQ + -)
(CATCH (DO NIL
(NIL)
(ERRSET (DO ((EOF (LIST NIL)) (FORM))
(NIL)
(COND ((STATUS BREAKLEVEL)
(EVAL (STATUS BREAKLEVEL)))
(T (SETQ FORM (READ EOF))
(COND ((EQ FORM EOF) (TERPRI))
((EQ FORM '≠P)
(THROW NIL BREAK))
((EQ (CAR FORM) 'RETURN)
(THROW (EVAL (CADR FORM))
BREAK))
(T (SETQ - FORM)
(SYSPRINT (SETQ *
((LAMBDA (+)
(EVAL FORM))
(PROG2 NIL +
(SETQ + -)))))
(TERPRI))))))))
BREAK)
(OR (STATUS LINMODE) (TERPRI)))
NIL
NIL
NIL
*
+
-)))
(DEFUN SYSPRINT (X) ;INTERNAL PRINTING FUNCTION
(OR (STATUS LINMODE) (TERPRI))
(COND (PRIN1 (FUNCALL PRIN1 X))
(T (PRIN1 X)))
(TYO 40))
(DEFUN STANDARD-TOP-LEVEL NIL
(PROG (↑Q ↑W ↑R EVALHOOK BASE IBASE ...)
ERRS ;ERRORS, UNCAUGHT THROWS, ETC. COME HERE
(RESET-BOUND-VARS)
↑G ;↑G QUITS COME HERE
(RESET-INTERNAL-TOP-LEVEL-VARS)
(RESTORE-THE-WORLD)
(DO-DELAYED-INTERRUPTS)
;RECALL THAT ERRORS DO (SETQ // ERRLIST) SO LAMBDA-BINDING ERRLIST WORKS
(MAPC (FUNCTION EVAL) //)
(AND (STATUS LINMODE) (TERPRI))
(SETQ * '*)
(DO ((EOF (LIST NIL))) (NIL)
(RESET-INTERNAL-TOP-LEVEL-VARS)
(SETQ * (COND ((STATUS TOPLEVEL)
(EVAL (STATUS TOPLEVEL)))
(T (SYSPRINT *)
(TERPRI)
(DO ((FORM (READ EOF) (READ EOF)))
((NOT (EQ FORM EOF))
(SETQ - FORM))
(TERPRI))
((LAMBDA (+) (EVAL -))
(PROG2 NIL + (SETQ + -)))))))))
(DEFUN RESTORE-THE-WORLD NIL
(RESET-THE-PDLS)
(SETQ ↑Q NIL)
(SETQ EVALHOOK NIL)
(RESTORE-THE-IO-SYSTEM)
(ENABLE-SYSTEM-INTERRUPTS)
(RESET-INTERNAL-GC-MARK-BITS))
(DEFUN DO-DELAYED-INTERRUPTS NIL
(OR INTERNAL-NOINTERRUPT-SWITCH
(PROCESS-PENDING-ALARMCLOCK-AND-TTY-INTERRUPTS)))
12/8/74 JONL & GLS
Remember, BIBOP LISP is now the standard system LISP!
[As of version number 958].
LISTARRAY has been extended to be an LSUBR. an optional second
argument puts a bound on the number of elements to LISTIFY.
For example, (LISTARRAY ary 5) lists only the first five elements
of ary; while (LISTARRAY ary), as before, lists all elements.
note that (LISTARRAY ary (APPLY 'TIMES (CDR (ARRAYDIMS ary))))
also lists all elements.
MAKOBLIST, MAKREADTABLE, and BLTARRAY have been flushed. If you
used them before, you can substitute calls as in the table below:
FOR THIS CODE USE THIS INSTEAD
(BLTARRAY x y) (FILLARRAY Y X)
;note reversal of args
(MAKREADTABLE x) (*ARRAY x 'READTABLE)
x not T or NIL
(MAKREADTABLE t-or-nil) (*ARRAY (GENSYM) 'READTABLE t-or-nil)
(MAKOBLIST x) (*ARRAY x 'OBARRAY)
x not NIL
(MAKOBLIST NIL) (LISTARRAY
OBARRAY
(- (CADR (ARRAYDIMS 'OBARRAY)) 129.))
Note that FILLARRAY is consistent in that it always transfers
the contents of its second arg into the first, and returns
the first (an array). Note too that this means that when
replacing a BLTARRAY by a FILLARRAY, you must reverse the args.
SYMEVAL lives! If you know that you are evaluating an atomic symbol,
it will be faster to use SYMEVAL rather than the general-purpose
EVAL. In particular, as soon as BIBOP LISP becomes the settled
standard, SYMEVAL will compile optimally into two instructions.
In *RSET mode, all car-cdr calls are checked at each level to see
that CAR or CDR is applied only to proper data. This checking is
not done by compiled code [which usually open-codes car-cdr ings]
[this is not really true, because compiled code calls functions
like CDDDDR, even if the user does not explicitly use them],
nor when *RSET = NIL. CAR and CDR are variables which control
the checking as follows:
LIST can hack only lists
NIL can hack lists and NIL
SYMBOL can hack lists, NIL, and symbols
T can hack anything.
When in *RSET mode, the value of CDR controls the permissible
operations for the function CDR, and the value of CAR controls
the permissible operations for the function CAR.
FRIDAY SEPT 13,1974 LQ+4D.19H.41M.28S. LISP 909 - GLS -
BRIEF SYNOPSIS:
[1] NEW FUNCTION: FSC. SIMILAR TO LSH AND ROT.
[2] NEW STATUS OPTION: (STATUS TTYSIZE).
[3] REMPROP CHANGED TO RETURN USEFUL QUANTITY.
[4] ISQRT HAS BEEN FLUSHED. CODE BELOW SUPERSEDES IT.
[5] (EXPT X .5) IS INHERENTLY LESS ACCURATE THAN (SQRT X).
[6] FASLOAD FILES CAN BE CONCATENATED.
[7] (IOC W) PROBLEM EXTENDS TO IOG. GRUMBLE. BEWARE!
----------------------------------------------------------------
[1] NEW FUNCTION: FSC IS ANALOGOUS TO ROT AND LSH.
IT ACCEPTS EITHER FIXNUMS OR FLONUMS, AND ACTS UPON
THE BITS GIVEN IT; I.E. LIKE ROT AND LSH IT DOES NOT
DO THE FLOAT OR FIX FUNCTION. UNLIKE ROT AND LSH, HOWEVER,
FSC RETURNS A FLONUM. NOTE THAT THE FSC PDP-10 INSTRUCTION
NORMALIZES THE RESULT. THIS IS A PDP-10 DEPENDENT FUNCTION!
(FSC N 0) IN PARTICULAR IS INTENDED TO BE THE INVERSE
OF (LSH N 0); NAMELY, IT TAKES A FIXNUM AND MAKES THE
BITS OF THAT FIXNUM INTO A FLONUM (THAT IS, IT USES THE
FIXNUM AS THE MACHINE REPRESENTATION OF THE FLONUM).
IN GENERAL, (= F (FSC (LSH F 0) 0)) FOR ANY FLONUM F,
BUT (= X (LSH (FSC X 0) 0)) FOR FIXNUM X IFF X IS
THE REPRESENTATION OF A *NORMALIZED* PDP-10 FLONUM.
[2] (STATUS TTYSIZE) RETURNS A DOTTED PAIR OF THE TTY'S CURRENT
HEIGHT AND WIDTH (ANALOGOUS TO CURSORPOS OF NO ARGS).
THESE ARE THE PARAMETERS AS RETURNED BY THE SYSTEM, WHICH
PRESUMABLY ARE SETTABLE VIA :TCTYP.
[3] REMPROP, IF IT FINDS THE PROPERTY TO REMOVE, INSTEAD OF
RETURNING T, RETURNS THE CELL OF THE PROPERTY LIST WHOSE
CAR IS THE PROPERTY (THIS CELL WAS SPLICED OUT FROM THE
PROPERTY LIST).
[4] ISQRT HAS BEEN FLUSHED FROM THE LISP SYSTEM. THE LISP
CODE BELOW IS MORE ACCURATE AND WORKS ON BIGNUMS.
(DEFUN BSQRT (N)
(BSQRT1 (ABS N)
(EXPT 2 (// (1+ (HAULONG N)) 2))))
(DEFUN BSQRT1 (N GUESS)
((LAMBDA (NEXT)
(COND ((LESSP NEXT GUESS)
(BSQRT1 N NEXT))
(T GUESS)))
(*QUO (*PLUS GUESS (*QUO N GUESS)) 2)))
THIS IS ESSENTIALLY A NEWTON ITERATION (DUE TO GOSPER)
WITH APPROPRIATE PRECAUTIONS FOR INTEGER TRUNCATION.
[5] (EXPT X .5) IS INHERENTLY LESS ACCURATE THAN (SQRT X).
USE THE LATTER WHEN YOU KNOW IT'S SQRT.
[6] IF YOU CONCATENATE SEVERAL FASLOAD FILES SO THAT THE
BEGINNING *FASL* OF THE NEXT FOLLOWS THE TERMINATING *FASL*
OF THE PREVIOUS ONE, THEN FASLOAD WILL GO 'ROUND THE
FASLOAD CYCLE AGAIN AND LOAD IT UP TOO. CURRENTLY
THERE IS NO CONVENIENT WAY TO CONCATENATE FASLOAD FILES,
BUT I NEVER PROMISED YOU A ROSE GARDEN.
[7] REMEMBER THE (IOC W) BUG, GANG? IT STILL HAUNTS US!
NAMELY, (IOC W) RESETS THE TTY OUTPUT BUFFER, THUS POSSIBLY
LOSING CHARACTERS FROM THE PREVIOUS OUTPUT FUNCTION.
THE RIGHT WAY TO DO IT IS (SETQ ↑W T). WELL, IT FOLLOWS
THAT (IOG W <FORMS>) ISN'T THE RIGHT THING EITHER.
THE RIGHT THING IS (IOG NIL (SETQ ↑W T) <FORMS>).
I DON'T LIKE IT EITHER.
[8] POOR SIGNP!
AUG 17, 1974 LISP 893 - GLS AND JONL -
[1] A NEW LAP, INCOMPATIBLE WITH OLDER LISPS, IS STANDARD
[2] NEW FUNCTIONS: ↑, ↑$. EXPT EXTENDED.
[3] NEW EDITOR COMMANDS: SS, RS, PC.
[4] BOUNDP HAS BEEN CHANGED TO SAVE CONSING.
[5] ERRFRAME HAS BEEN CHANGED TO GIVE OUT MORE INFO.
[6] THROWING OUT OF A TTY INTERRUPT CAN LEAD TO LOSSAGE.
[7] DONT USE (IOC W) IF YOU REALLY WANT (SETQ ↑W T).
[8] NCOMPLR RECOGNIZES "COMPLR (INIT)" FILES.
[9] IN LISP, YOU CAN NOW (SETQ IBASE 'ROMAN). DITTO FOR BASE.
----------------------------------------------------------------
[1] LAP 81 IS THE STANDARD LAP NOW, AND IS WHAT YOU GET BY
AUTOLOAD. SINCE IT WILL NOT WORK IN LISPS WITH VERSION
NUMBERS LESS THAN 892, YOU WILL HAVE TO RETRIEVE THE OLDER
LAP EXPLICITLY IF YOU NEED IT. DO (FASLOAD LAP OFASL COM)
BEFORE TRYING TO USE LAP IN AN OLDER LISP.
LAP NOW USES THE VALUE OF THE VARIABLE FASLOAD IN THE
SAME WAY FASLOAD ITSELF DOES: IF IT IS NIL, THEN MESSAGES
ABOUT FUNCTIONS REDEFINITIONS ARE SUPPRESSED. ALSO, LAP
NOW TRIES TO DO PURE LOADINGS WHEN THE VALUE OF "PURE" IS
NON-NIL.
[2] NEW FUNCTIONS:
↑ TAKES TWO FIXNUMS A AND B, AND RETURNS A TO THE B'TH
POWER AS A FIXNUM (MODULO 2↑35.). WILL NOT DO BIGNUM
ARITHMETIC.
↑$ TAKES A FLONUM AND A FIXNUM, RETURNING A FLONUM.
EXPT HAS BEEN EXTENDED. IF THE EXPONENT IS A FLONUM,
THEN THE BASE IS CONVERTED TO A FLONUM, AND THEN
THE FORMULA B (B LOG A)
A = E
IS USED, USING THE LOG AND EXP FUNCTIONS.
[3] NEW COMMANDS FOR THE BINFORD EDITOR:
SS (SAVE SPOT) GOBBLES THE NAME OF AN ATOMIC
SYMBOL, AND SETQ'S IT TO THE CURRENT EDITOR
CONTEXT.
RS (RESTORE SPOT) GOBBLES SUCH A SETQ'D ATOMIC SYMBOL
AND MAGICALLY MOVES THE EDITOR'S CURSOR TO THE
SAVED SPOT.
PC (PRINT CONTEXT) GOBBLES UP TO TWO FLONUMS (TERMINATE
WITH $$) AND, USING THEM FOR THE PRINLEVEL AND
PRINLENGTH, PRINTS THE CURRENT LEVEL OF LIST
STRUCTURE. IF YOU DON'T SUPPLY TWO ARGS,
DEFAULTS OF 4 ARE USED.
[4] BOUNDP IS NOW A PURE PREDICATE; IT RETURNS T OR NIL.
ONE CAN GET THE OLD EFFECT OF BOUNDP BY SAYING
(AND (BOUNDP X) (CONS NIL (EVAL X))).
THERE WILL SOOON BE A SPECIAL FUNCTION FOR OBTAINING THE
VALUE OF A SYMBOL, WHICH WILL RUN A LITTLE FASTER THAN
"EVAL", AND WHICH WILL COMPILE QUITE OPTIMALLY. THUS,
(AND (BOUNDP X) (SYMEVAL X)) WILL COMPILE INTO MUCH
FASTER CODE THAN THE WILL THE CURRENT FORM:
(AND (SETQ FOO (BOUNDP X)) (CDR FOO))
[5] ERRFRAME HAS BEEN CHANGED TO GIVE YOU MORE INFORMATION.
FORMERLY THE THIRD ITEM OF THE RETURNED LIST WAS THE
ERROR MESSAGE ONLY. NOW IT IS A LIST OF FROM ONE TO
THREE THINGS. IF IT IS ONE THING, IT IS THE ERROR MESSAGE.
YOU CAN PRINC THIS TO RE-CREATE THE ERROR PRINTOUT.
IF THERE ARE TWO THINGS, THE FIRST IS THE MESSAGE AND THE
SECOND IS THE LOSING ITEM. IF THERE ARE THREE THINGS,
THEY ARE THE ERROR MESSAGE, THE LOSING ITEM, AND THE
TYPE OF ERROR (E.G. FAIL-ACT OR UNBND-VRBL).
IN SHORT, YOU GET A LIST OF THINGS SUCH THAT
(APPLY 'ERROR (CADDR (ERRFRAME NIL)))
WILL RE-CREATE THE SAME ERROR!
[6] PEOPLE HAVE BEEN WRITING TTY INTERRUPT FUNCTION LIKE
(SSTATUS INTERRUPT 15.
'(LAMBDA NIL (THROW NIL TO-TOP-LEVEL))).
THERE IS A DANGER IN THIS: RECALL THAT WHEN A TTY USER
INTERRUPT IS RUN, THE SYSTEM DOES AN IMPLICIT
(NOINTERRUPT 'TTY)
FOR YOU TO PREVENT TIMING ERRORS. IF YOU EXIT THE USER
INTERRUPT ABNORMALLY, YOU MUST RESET NOINTERRUPT YOURSELF.
(SSTATUS INTERRUPT 15.
'(LAMBDA NIL (NOINTERRUPT NIL)
(THROW NIL TO-TOP-LEVEL)))
ALTERNATIVELY, THE TOP LEVEL COULD SAY
(NOINTERRUPT NIL)
AFTER CATCHING THE THROW, POSSIBLY A SAFER ALTERNATIVE
IN SOME CASES.
[7] LOSERS NOTE: (IOC W) IS NOT THE SAME AS (SETQ ↑W T).
IN GENERAL, WHEN YOU JUST WANT TO SET AN I/O SWITCH,
USE SETQ UNLESS YOU ARE AWARE OF THE SIDE EFFECTS INVOLVED.
(IOC W) IN PARTICULAR PERFORMS A SYSTEM (= ITS) I/O
RESET, CLEARING THE TTY OUTPUT BUFFER. IF ANY CHARS
ARE PENDING IN THE BUFFER FOR OUTPUT FROM THE PREVIOUS
PRINT, THEY WILL BE FLUSHED. THUS
(PROG2 (PRINC 'FOOBAR) (IOC W))
IS VERY LIKELY NOT TO PRINT ANYTHING AT ALL! OR MAYBE
JUST THE "F" IF YOU ARE LUCKY. (PROG2 (PRINC 'FOOBAR)
(SETQ ↑W T)) DOES WHAT YOU WANT AND LETS THE "FOOBAR"
PRINT OUT.
[8] NCOMPLR WILL LOOK FOR A "COMPLR (INIT)" FILE WHEN IT IS
STARTED UP, AND IF FOUND, WILL UREAD AND READ-EVAL IT IN.
YOU CAN FASLOAD OTHER FILES FROM THIS INIT FILE, BUT
CURRENTLY CANNOT UREAD OTHER FILES. THE INIT FILE MAY
BE EITHER ON YOUR DIRECTORY, OR ON THE "(INIT)" DIRECTORY.
MONDAY JULY 29,1974 FQ+3D.1H.24M.28S. LISP 873 - GLS -
THIS LISP RECENT IS SHORT, BUT ITEM [2] IS OF GREAT IMPORTANCE.
THE PREVIOUS LISP RECENT APPEARS AT THE END OF THIS ONE SINCE
IT HASN'T BEEN AROUND FOR VERY LONG.
BRIEF SYNOPSIS:
[1] *RSET-TRAP FUNCTION IS ALWAYS RUN AND MUST CHECK *RSET ITSELF
[2] (CAR NIL) AND (CDR NIL) ARE ALWAYS NIL
[3] DUMPARRAYS/LOADARRAYS NOW KNOW ABOUT FIXNUM AND FLONUM ARRAYS
----------------------------------------------------------------
[1] THE *RSET-TRAP USER INTERRUPT IS ALWAYS RUN WHEN AN
UNCORRECTABLE ERROR IS ABOUT TO POP BACK TO TOP LEVEL
OR TO AN ERRSET. IT IS UP TO THE *RSET-TRAP FUNCTION
TO CHECK THE *RSET SWITCH FOR ITSELF (THE SYSTEM-SUPPLIED
*RSET-TRAP FUNCTION INDEED DOES THIS).
[2] FOR COMPATIBILITY WITH INTERLISP (FOO), THE CAR AND CDR
OF NIL ARE ALWAYS BUT ALWAYS NIL. NIL STILL HAS A
PROPERTY LIST, AND GET AND PUTPROP STILL WORK ON IT,
BUT NIL'S PROPERTY LIST IS NOT ITS CDR (CROCK, CROCK).
THE CLAIM IS THAT ONE CAN WRITE CODE SUCH AS
(CADDR X)
INSTEAD OF THE MORE TIME- AND SPACE-CONSUMING
(AND (CDR X) (CDDR X) (CADDR X))
AND SO ON. SEND COMPLAINTS TO GLS, BUT I DOUBT IT WILL
DO YOU ANY GOOD.
[3] DUMPARRAYS AND LOADARRAYS WILL NOW DO THE CORRECT THING
WITH FIXNUM AND FLONUM ARRAYS. OLD DUMPARRAYS FILES ARE
STILL GOOD - THE HACK IS UPWARD COMPATIBLE.
FRIDAY JULY 19,1974 NM+8H.29M.40S. LISP 861 - GLS -
BRIEF SYNOPSIS:
[1] NEW FUNCTIONS: UPROBE, UCLOSE, UAPPEND
[2] DEFPROP NOW DOES REMPROP FIRST, AS DEFUN ALWAYS HAS
[3] (NOINTERRUPT 'TTY) - NEW NOINTERUPT OPTION
[4] PDLFRAME HAS DISAPPEARED - USE EVALFRAME
[5] (SSTATUS CRFILE ...) SETS UREAD FILE NAME DEFAULTS
[6] VALUE OF // INTERACTS WITH ERRLIST; *, +, - MENTIONED
[7] ONE MAY THROW OUT OF A USER INTERRUPT NOW
[8] APPLYFRAMES WIN BETTER - FEAR NOT
[9] UNPURIFY$G DEPURIFIES ALL PAGES - PURIFY$G WILL REPURIFY THEM
[:] COMPLR/NCOMPLR HAVE PRIVATE OBARRAY AS WELL AS READTABLE
[;] MIDAS AND FASLOAD COOPERATE
----------------------------------------------------------------
[1] THREE NEW FUNCTIONS FOR OLD I/O:
[1A] UPROBE TAKES ARGUMENTS LIKE UREAD, AND TRIES TO FIND
THE FILE SPECIFIED. IF IT EXISTS, UPROBE RETURNS THE
ACTUAL FILE NAMES; IF NOT, IT RETURNS NIL.
[1B] UCLOSE (OF NO ARGUMENTS) CLOSES THE UREAD INPUT
CHANNEL. THIS IS PRIMARILY OF USE BEFORE CALLING THE
SUSPEND FUNCTION.
[1C] UAPPEND (ARGUMENTS LIKE UREAD) OPENS THE SPECIFIED
FILE, WHICH MUST ALREADY EXIST, FOR WRITING.
THE FILE IS RENAMED TO BE ".LISP. APPEND", AND BECOMES
NON-ACCESSIBLE (YOU SEE A * NEXT TO IT IN THE
DIRECTORY). ANY OUTPUT DIRECTED TO THE UWRITE OUTPUT
CHANNEL (THE ↑R SWITCH) IS THEN OUTPUT TO THIS FILE,
APPENDED TO THE PREVIOUS CONTENTS. WHEN THE FILE
IS EVENTUALLY CLOSED WITH UFILE, IT WILL TAKE ON THE
FILE NAMES SPECIFIED BY UFILE, AND WILL CONTAIN ITS
OLD CONTENTS WITH THE NEW MATERIAL TACKED ONTO THE
END. NOTE THAT UAPPEND IS REALLY MORE LIKE NCONC
THAN APPEND! I.E. IT DOES NOT COPY THE FILE, BUT
ADDS ONTO THE EXISTING ONE, CLOBBERING IN NEW DATA.
[2] DEFPROP USED TO BE DESCRIBED AS
(DEFUN DEFPROP FEXPR (X)
(PUTPROP (CAR X) (CADR X) (CADDR X)))
THANKS TO AGITATION BY CERTAIN PARTIES, IT IS NOW
(DEFUN DEFPROP FEXPR (X)
(REMPROP (CAR X) (CADDR X))
(PUTPROP (CAR X) (CADR X) (CADDR X)))
THAT IS, DEFPROP IS GUARANTEED TO PUT THE NEW PROPERTY
AT THE HEAD OF THE PROPERTY LIST. NOTE THAT DEFUN HAS DONE
SUCH REMPROPING IN THE PAST ALREADY.
[3] NOINTERRUPT HAS BEEN EXTENDED TO HAVE THREE STATES:
(NOINTERRUPT T) CAUSES ALL ASYNCHRONOUS USER
INTERRUPTS TO BE DELAYED (AS BEFORE;
"ASYNCHRONOUS" INTERRUPTS ARE PRESENTLY
TTY CONTROL CHARS AND THE ALARMCLOCK)
(NOINTERRUPT NIL) LETS SUCH INTERRUPTS GO THROUGH
IMMEDIATELY (THE INITIAL STATE); ANY
DELAYED INTERRUPTS ARE RUN DURING THIS CALL.
*** (NOINTERRUPT 'TTY) CAUSES ONLY TTY INTERRUPTS TO
BE DELAYED, AND LETS OTHERS GO THROUGH.
IN THIS WAY ONE CAN SUPPRESS ↑G QUITS, ETC.,
BUT STILL ALLOW CLOCK INTERRUPTS.
[4] PDLFRAME, A SYNONYM FOR EVALFRAME, HAS DISAPPEARED.
USE EVALFRAME FROM NOW ON.
[5] (SSTATUS CRFILE FOO BAR) WILL SET THE UREAD FILE NAME
DEFAULTS TO "FOO BAR". (STATUS CRFILE) READS THEM,
AS BEFORE.
[6] THE ATOM // IS NOW A VARIABLE, USED IN CONJUNCTION
WITH ERRLIST. WHEN AN ERROR PROPAGATES BACK TO TOP LEVEL,
THEN WHERE THE TOP LEVEL FORMERLY DID
(MAPC (FUNCTION EVAL) ERRLIST)
IT NOW DOES INSTEAD
(MAPC (FUNCTION EVAL) //)
AND WHEN AN ERROR OCCURS, THEN (SETQ // ERRLIST)
IS PERFORMED. THUS THIS NEW MECHANISM WORKS ALMOST LIKE
THE OLD, WITH ONE IMPROVEMENT (SUGGESTED MY MACRAKIS):
ONE CAN LAMBDA-BIND ERRLIST OVER A COMPUTATION, AND IF
AN ERROR OCCURS THE CURRENT ERRLIST WILL BE USED AND NOT
THE TOP-LEVEL ERRLIST. THIS MAY SOMETIMES BE A DESIRABLE
ALTERNATIVE TO ERRSET.
RECALL AGAIN THAT *, +, AND - ALSO HAVE MEANINGFUL VALUES:
* CONTAINS THE LAST THING TYPED OUT BY LISP'S TOP
LEVEL. THUS IF YOU FORGOT TO TYPE A SETQ AROUND
THE PREVIOUS FORM, YOU CAN STILL RETRIEVE THE
RESULTANT VALUE.
+ CONTAINS THE LAST THING READ BY LISP'S TOP LEVEL.
THIS IS USEFUL IN CASE OF A TYPING ERROR; YOU CAN
SAVE THE FORM AND MAYBE EDIT IT.
- CONTAINS THE CURRENT THING READ BY THE TOP LEVEL
(WHEN EVALUATION OF THE THING IS COMPLETED, THEN
SOMETHING LIKE (SETQ + -) HAPPENS).
NOTE THAT ERROR BREAKS SAVE +, SO THAT IF YOU SAY:
(PLUS 3 'A) ;LOSEY LOSEY
A NON-NUMERIC VALUE ;LISP COMPLAINS
;BKPT WRNG-TYPE-ARG
(PLUS 3 5) ;DO SOME STUFF IN THE BREAK
10
$P ;RETURN FROM BREAK
A NON-NUMERIC VALUE ;LISP GRIPES AGAIN
(SETQ FOO +) ;NOW SAVE VALUE OF +
(PLUS 3 'A) ;IT IS FORM THAT LOST
[7] FORMERLY USER INTERRUPTS WERE AN IMMOVABLE WALL WITH
RESPECT TO THROWS; NOW THEY ARE TRANSPARENT. THIS
MEANS THAT YOU CAN THROW OUT OF A USER INTERRUPT IN
THE OBVIOUS MANNER. EXAMPLE:
(SSTATUS INTERRUPT 0 '(LAMBDA (X) (THROW NIL ABORT))
(CATCH (HAIRY-COMPUTATION) ABORT) ;HAIRY MESS
IN THIS WAY ONE CAN ABORT THE HAIRY MESS BY TYPING ↑@.
[8] SOME PEOPLE HAVE COMPLAINED OF SUPER-SLOWNESS WHEN RUNNING
IN *RSET MODE. THIS WAS DUE TO FAULTY DESIGN IN THE
APPLYFRAME ROUTINES, WHCIH CAUSED CONSING ON EVERY
FUNCTION CALL. THIS HAS BEEN CORRECTED, SO DON'T FEAR
TO USE *RSET MODE NOW.
[9] UNPURIFY$G TO A LISP OR BLISP WILL UNPURIFY ALL PURE
PAGES IN THE LISP BY COPYING THEM. THIS IS PRIMARILY
SO THAT JPG CAN WIN WHEN DUMPING MACSYMA. PURIFY$G
WILL THEN REPURIFY THE (COPIED) PAGES.
[:] NCOMPLR WINS WITH ARRAYCALL NOW, BUT COMPLR DOES NOT.
ALSO, BOTH COMPLR AND NCOMPLR HAVE A PRIVATE OBARRAY
AS WELL AS READTABLE (CALLED COBARRAY AND CREADTABLE).
[;] GREENBLATT (RG) HAS HACKED MIDAS SO THAT IT CAN PRODUCE
FASL FORMAT OUTPUT; THUS ONE CAN USE ALL THE MACRO
FEATURES TO PRODUCE CODE TO LOAD INTO LISP.
THE FOLLOWING IS A COPY OF AI:MIDAS;FASL > WRITTEN BY RG.
FASL Feature In Midas.
Midas can now assemble FASL files that can be loaded
by LISP in the same manner as LAP FASL output. This mode is
entered by the .FASL pseudo op, which must appear at the
beginning of the file before any storage words.
After .FASL has been seen, the assembly becomes a
two pass relocatable assembly. However, certain
restrictions and "changes of interpretation" apply.
Global symbols (declared as usual with " or .GLOBAL)
are persmissible. However, since the output is to be loaded
with FASLOAD using DDT's symbol table instead of STINK,
there are quite a few differences in detail.
For symbols defined within the current assembly, the
only effect of being declared GLOBAL is that the GLOBAL
information is passed on to FASL when the symbol table is
written at the end of pass 2. This in combination with the
SYMBOLS switch in FASLOAD determines whether the symbol gets
loaded into DDT's symbol table. If SYMBOLS is NIL, no
symbols will be loaded; if SYMBOLS is EQ to SYMBOLS, only
globals will be loaded; and if SYMBOLS is T, all symbols
(local and global) will be loaded. Once the symbol is
loaded (or not), the information as to its GLOBALness is
lost and, of course, makes no further difference. The
initial state when LISP is loaded is NIL.
GLOBAL symbols not defined in the current assembly
are also legal, but there are additional restrictions as to
where in a storage word they may appear and what masking may
be specified (as compared to a normal relocatable assembly).
Briefly, they may appear as in a storage word as a full
word, a right half, a left half, or an accumulator. They may
be negated, but can not be operated on with any other
operator. Error printouts will be produced if they appear
elsewhere. When the symbol is encountered by FASLOAD, DDT's
symbol table is consulted. If it is defined at that time,
OK, otherwise FASLOAD will generate an error.
Any sort of global parameter assignment or location
assignment is Forbidden. .LOP, .LVAL1, .LVAL2, etc are not
available.
New Pseudo OPs Available only in FASL assemblies.
The following pseudos are available to facilitate
the communication between MIDAS assembled programs and LISP
(particularily with regard to list structure).
.ENTRY function type args
Function is an atom and is taken as the name of
a function beginning at the current location. Type
should be one of SUBR, FSUBR or LSUBR, and has the
obvious interpretation. Args is a numeric-valued field
which is passed thru to FASLOAD and used to construct
the args property of the function. If it is zero, no
args property is created. Otherwise it is considered to
be a halfword divided into two 9 bit bytes, each of
which is converted as follows:
byte result
0 nil
777 777
otherwise n n-1
These two items are then CONSed and from the
args property.
The following pseudos may appear in constants!!
.ATOM atom
followed by a LISP atom in "MIDAS" format (see below).
May only appear in right half (or entire word) of a
storage word. Assembles into a pointer to the atom
header of the specified atom.
.SPECI atom
similar to .ATOM but assembles into a pointer to the
SPECIAL value cell of the specified atom.
.FUNCT atom
similar to .ATOM, but invokes special action by FASLOAD
in case the PURESW is on. Normally used in function
calls. Briefly, if FASLOAD is going to purify the
function it is loading, it must "snap the links" first.
If .FUNCT is used, the location will be examined by
FASLOAD and the link snapped if possible before
purification.
Typical usage:
CALL 2,.FUNCT EQUAL ;calls equal as a function of 2 args
; note: the CALL is not defined
; or treated specially by MIDAS.
.ARRAY atom
similar to .ATOM, but assembles into a pointer to the
Array SAR.
.SX S-expression
similar to .ATOM, but handles a LISP S-expression.
(See below).
.SXEVA S-expression
reads S expression. This S expression is EVALed (for
effect presumably) at FASLOAD time. The resulting
value is thrown away. Does not form part of storage
word.
.SXE S-expression
Similar to .SX but list is EVALed at FASLOAD time. The
resulting value is assembled into storage word.
The MIDAS "LISP READER"
By a conspiracy between MIDAS and FASLOAD, a version
of the LISP reader is available. However, due to historical
reasons (mostly, i.e. the FASLOAD format was originally
intended only to deal with COMPLR type output), there are a
number of "glitches" (see below for list). These will
probably tend to go away in the fullness of time.
a) numeric ATOM
The first character of a LISP atom is examined
specially. If it is a # or &, the atom is declared to be
numeric and either fixed (#) or floating (&). Midas then
proceeds to input a normal numberic field (terminated, note,
by either space or comma). This value is then "stored" in
the appropriate "space" (fixnum space or flonum space).
b) other ATOMs (also known as PNAME atoms or (LISP) SYMBOLS)
If the first character of the atom is not # or &,
the atom is a "PNAME" atom. / becomes a single character
quote character as in LISP. The atom may be indefinitely
long. The atom will be terminated by an unquoted space,
carrige return, tab, (, ), or semicolon. Unquoted linefeeds
are ignored and do not become part of the atom. The
character that terminates the atom is "used up" unless it is
a ( or ). Note that period is a legal constituent of a atom
and does not terminate it or act specially.
c) lists.
Work normally, but note following caution relative
to dot notation: . does not terminate atoms. Thus, to
invoke dot notation, the dot must be left delimited by a
space, tab, parenthesis, or other character that does
terminate atoms.
Glitches:
1) Restriction on pass dependant list
structure -- In any list reading operation, no new
atoms not previously encountered may be
encountered for the first time on pass 2.
However, this restriction does not apply to
atom-only reading operations (.ATOM, .SPECI,
.FUNCT etc).
2) Single quote for quoting does not exist (no
other macro characters exist either.)
3) Numbers must be flagged as above always.
MOVEI A,.ATOM 123 ;LOSES - gives pointer
; to PNAME type atom
; with PNAME 123. it is
; not numeric.
use:
MOVEI A,.ATOM #123 ;WINS
4) No provision exists to reference "GLOBALSYMS"
in FASLOAD. This mostly means only that DDT must
be present to load a MIDAS assembled FASL file.
(some simple COMPLR and LAP FASL files can
successfully be FASLOADed by, for example, a
disowned LISP running without a DDT.
5) LOC is illegal in a FASL assembly. BLOCK of a
non-relocatable quantity is ok.
6) Currently, symbol loading is VERY slow. Thus
use SYMBOLS nil, (the initial state) unless
symbols are necessary.
7) Midas does not know about any LISP symbols or
UUOs specially. Use them as globals until someone
gets around to fixing up a .INSRT file with the
appropriate defs.
8) .ATOM "should" be a special case of .SX .
However, it is handled separately because of the
following "reasons":
a) The previously noted restriction on pass
dependent LISTS.
b) Midas can do constants optimization on
atoms ppearing in constants (on both pass one
and pass two) but not on LISTS. Therefore,
each list is guaranteed to take a separate
word in the constants area even if it is
identical to some other list which also
appears in a constant.
c) Each list takes an additional entry in
FASLOAD's "atom" table. This is a temporary
table that is flushed after the FASLOADing is
complete. Of course, .SX still works for
atoms modulo the above noted restrictions and
inefficencies.
5/22/74 JONL
Brief Synopsis: for LISP 838 and greater
1) SUSPEND - new function, LSUBR of 0 or 1 arguments, like MACDMP,
but can continue where the computation left off, rather than
restarting at top level.
2) MUNKAM is the inverse of MAKNUM. On the PDP10 system, is pretty
much the same as CDR, except that the argument is required to be
a fixnum, and the COMPLRs will open-code MUNKAM.
3) RANDOM will accept two arguments, as a means of "seeding" it.
Also, a slight deficiency has been noted.
4) A programmable features list for (STATUS FEATURE foo), and an aid,
(SSTATUS LINMODE T), for systems with line rather than character
oriented TTY input.
5) ARRAYCALL, SUBRCALL, AND LSUBRCALL are now all FSUBRs, and
take an extra argument to aid NCOMPLR in open-coding these
applications. Disregard any previous notes on these functions,
and note well below.
6) Examples of some particularly useful lisp macros, especially for
users of ARRAYCALL, SUBRCALL, and LSUBRCALL.
7) The compiler declaration ARRAY* has been extended to allow
information about the ranges of indices. Also, NCOMPLR now uses
its own private obarray when compiling a file, in addition to its
own private readtable.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1) (SUSPEND) may be executed at any point in a computation, and
control will be returned to the LISP's superior [DDT or monitor].
Accumulators, push-down stacks, and other variables will be saved,
and its starting address will be set so that if the job be dumped
on dsk, and reloaded at some future time, starting it again will
cause it to resume where the computation and continue just after
the call to SUSPEND. One limitation: if any input-output devices
are in use other than the TTY, SUSPEND will error with a fail-act.
(SUSPEND s), like (MACDMP s), passes the characters of the symbol
s to the superior job as a valret string.
2) By "inverse of MAKNUM", the following is meant:
(EQ X (MUNKAM (MAKNUM X))) evaluates to T for all X. Shortly,
the MULTICS implementation will have a reasonable version of
MAKNUM and MUNKAM implemented, so that one may write a
hash-coder-on-EQ for s-expressions. Previous notes in LISP ARCHIV
have given examples on how to hash an s-expression on EQUAL. By
replacing "(\ (SXHASH X) 777))" with "(\ (MAKNUM X) 777)" one
will have a hasher on EQ.
3) By "seeding" RANDOM, one may obtain a variety of starting points,
corresponding to the various internal states of the two-word state
register. Any two successive outputs of RANDOM will do as the
two words for a seed; for example, (SETQ X (RANDOM) Y (RANDOM))
will preserve the current state of the random number generator
in the variables X and Y, and the state may be restored to that
state [after, possibly, further usage of RANDOM] by (RANDOM X Y).
Users of RANDOM should take note of a fact which Bill Gosper
ferreted out of Knuth - this random number genertor flunks the
3-way serial test. That is, if triplets of "random" numbers
<x[n], y[n], z[n]> are generated by clumping together the
3n, 3n+1, and 3n+2 outputs of RANDOM, then there will be an
interdependency among the triples such that half of all triples
will be missed - not particularly good for picking "random"
points in 3-space. One way out of this bind is simply
to use only every other output of RANDOM in generting the triples.
4) As described in previous notes, there is an internal list of
"features" describing which of the various MACLISP options are
actually available in the LISP being used, and which time-sharing
system it is running under. Now the user can create his own
feature names and add, or delete, from this list at will.
(STATUS FEATURE FOO)
is non-NIL if and only if FOO is on the features list;
(SSTATUS FEATURE FOO)
will add FOO to the features list, and
(SSTATUS NOFEATURE FOO)
will delete it.
(SSTATUS LINMODE T)
tells the time-sharing system not to activate your job while
waiting for TTY input until a carriage-return is typed. For the
TOPS-10 system, it means the basic input instruction is INCHRW
instead of INCHR, and that the time-sharing system will handle
rubouts until the carriage-return is typed. Since the ITS system
does not handle rubouts under any circumstances, many users want
a mode under which the rubout handler of the MACLISP reader will
be effective on a line-by-line basis, and under which no read
reading is done until a carriage-return is typed. This can be
achieved as follows:
(SSTATUS SYNTAX 13. 501540)
;makes <cr> an invisible force-feed char
(SSTATUS LINMODE T)
;tells ITS to sleep until <cr> or <rubout>
(SSTATUS TTYREAD T)
;tells LISP's reader to forget about looking for
;"balanced" s-expressions before actually gobbling
;up characters from the TTY
It is worthwile to note here that the "force-feed" option on <cr>,
and the TTYREAD option are properties of LISP's readtable, while
the LINMODE option is a property of the LISP's relation with the
time-sharing system.
5) There has long been a certain ambiguity in LISP with respect to
the meaning of an atomic function. For (FOO X Y), most LISP
systems will scan the property list of FOO to see if there are
any functional properties [such as SUBR, EXPR, etc], and if so,
use the first one found as the functional-interpretation of FOO;
if none are found, then the value of FOO as a variable is picked up,
and the function-hunting process continues recursively. Some other
systems always pick up the variable value, and never resort to
storing subroutine addresses, or LAMBDA forms, as "properties" on
a property list. The function FUNCALL was implemented as a means
of directing the MACLISP evaluator first to the variable
value as function rather than starting out on the functional
properties. Thus, (FUNCALL FOO X Y) is equivalent to
(APPLY FOO (LIST X Y)). However, FUNCALL is essentially an
interpretation, and the COMPLR can not open-code the dispatch to
the function of interest unless more is known about its calling
conventions. For this reason, ARRAYCALL, LSUBRCALL, and SUBRCALL
have been implemented as FSUBRs. The general forms are
(ARRAYCALL type ap i1 . . . in)
(LSUBRCALL type lfun arg1 . . . argn)
(SUBRCALL type fun arg1 . . . argn)
type should be either "FIXNUM", "FLONUM", "T", or "NIL", depending
on the resulting type of value returned by the function [or on the
array type, in the case of ARRAYCALL. Both T-type and NIL-type
arrays may be specified by NIL here, which simply means
"s-expression" array rather than "numeric" array.]. ap should
evaluate to an array pointer such as created by *ARRAY
[(1) returned by *ARRAY if its first argument is NIL, or (2) put
on the property list of the given non-NIL symbol]. lfun should
evaluate to an LSUBR pointer, which on the PDP10 systems is obtained
only by doing (GET 'FOO 'LSUBR) for some LSUBR FOO; similarly, fun
should evaluate to a SUBR pointer. The reason the type argument is
required is that NCOMPLR can generate optimal code for these
applications. Versions of NCOMPLR greater than 454 will code these three
functions open [COMPLR will not be nearly so optimal in its codings of these
three. Neither will COMPLR actually open-code array references.].
in the case of SUBRCALL and LSUBRCALL, the type info is mainly
an aid to NCOMPLR, and type NIL could always be used as default;
however, using type FIXNUM or FLONUM where NIL is required
will result in wrong code. For ARRAYCALL, it will be necessary
always to have the correct type info since wrong code would result
from any kind of type mismatch.
EXAMPLE: suppose you have done
(SETQ BARODD (ARRAY NIL FIXNUM N) BAREVEN (ARRAY NIL FIXNUM N))
Now at this point, both BARODD and BAREVEN hold as value an array
pointer. They would have ARRAY properties on their property list
if, for example, (ARRAY BARODD FIXNUM N) had been done instead.
Then the following will fill BARODD with the first N odd integers,
and BAREVEN with the first N even integers:
(DO I 1 (1+ I) (> I (* 2 N))
(STORE (ARRAYCALL FIXNUM
(COND ((ODDP I) BARODD) (BAREVEN))
(/ (1- I) 2))
I))
6) EXAMPLE USING MACROS FOR SIMPLIFIED SYNTAX:
Assuming BARODD and BAREVEN as above [that is, variables that
have been set to some array pointer], let us define two macros
(DEFUN MACRO BO (X)
(SUBST (CADR X) 'INDEX '(ARRAYCALL FIXNUM BARODD INDEX)))
(DEFUN MACRO BE (X)
(SUBST (CADR X) 'INDEX '(ARRAYCALL FIXNUM BAREVEN INDEX)))
Then we could fill BARODD and BAREVEN as follows:
(DO J 1 (1+ J) (> J N) (STORE (BE (1- J)) (* 2 J)))
(DO J 0 (1+ J) (NOT (< J N)) (STORE (BO J) (1+ (* 2 J))))
Admittedly, this saves a lot of typing. But suppose you have a
host of such array variables that you would like to abbreviate
with such a MACRO. Typing in all the macro definitions could be
tediously repetitive. Consider the following macro-defining macro,
and some of its uses:
(DEFUN MACRO ABBA (Y)
(SUBLIS (LIST (CONS 'SHORT (CADR Y))
(CONS 'LONG (CADDR Y))
(CONS 'TYPE (CADDR Y)))
'(DEFUN MACRO SHORT (X)
(SUBST (CDR X)
'INDEXLIST
'(ARRAYCALL TYPE LONG . INDEXLIST)))))
Now we might use ABBA to produce the macro for BE, but note that
the form of the macro is slightly different - the main body of the
macro output appears to be a dotted-list rather than a standard
list. This is so that arrays of varying numbers of dimensions may
have their abbreviations defined by the same super-macro.
(ABBA BO BARODD FIXNUM)
expands into
(DEFUN MACRO BO (X)
(SUBST (CDR X)
'INDEXLIST
'(ARRAYCALL FIXNUM BARODD . INDEXLIST)))
which then causes the appropriate macro definition for BO. As
you would expect, then, (BO J) expands into
(ARRYACALL FIXNUM BARODD J)
But consider the two-dimensional hash array HASH defined as
(SETQ HASH (ARRAY NIL T 37 37))
Then (ABBA HA HASH T) defines HA so that (HA 3 (+ N 2)) expands
into (ARRAYCALL T HASH 3 (+ N 2))
Guy Steele has accumulated a file of sophisticated macros and
macro-defining macros, and the interested may consult with him
about them.
7) In order to get maximal speed from open-compiled array references,
you may inform NCOMPLR of the actual ranges of the array
indices. Thus a two-dimensional array of FIXNUMS, size 3 by 4,
could be declared by:
(ARRAY* (FIXNUM (CIR 3 4)))
Even partial information will be useful; a NIL or ? in index
positions will indicate that no information is available about that
particular dimension. For example, to add to the above declaration
that for a two-dimensional array in which only the column dimension
is known in advance, one could say:
(ARRAY* (FIXNUM (CORL ? 4) (CIR 3 4)))
The previous syntax for ARRAY* is still available, and one
should note that the following two forms both convey the same
information:
(ARRAY* (NOTYPE DXA 1 CIR 2))
(ARRAY* (NOTYPE (DXA NIL) (CIR ? ?)))
Also, NCOMPLR now uses its own private obarray when compiling a
file, in addition to its own private readtable; they are contained,
respectively, in the two global variables COBARRAY and CREADTABLE.
If you have the practice of escaping to top-level LISP, and
loading in some of your own functions, be sure to do this stuff
under the correct obarray and readtable. E.G., you might do
((LAMBDA (OBARRAY READTABLE)
(FASLOAD MY FUNS DSK LOSER))
COBARRAY CREADTABLE)
TUESDAY APRIL 23,1974 NM+2D.8H.36M.6S. LISP 810 - GLS -
BRIEF SYNOPSIS:
[1] NEW FUNCTION: GETCHARN
[2] ALARMCLOCK AND TTY INTERRUPTS ARE RUN WITH (NOINTERRUPT T)
[3] NEW ARRAY SCHEME
[4] NEW FUNCTIONS: SUBRCALL, LSUBRCALL, ARRAYCALL
[5] UUO'S CHANGED: LER2,LER4 GONE; LER3 MOVED; ACALL,AJCALL NEW
[6] HH$X SLIGHTLY IMPROVED
----------------------------------------------------------------
[1] NEW FUNCTION: GETCHARN IS LIKE GETCHAR, BUT RETURNS A
NUMBER INSTEAD OF A SINGLE CHARACTER OBJECT. IT IS
TO GETCHAR AS EXPLODEN IS TO EXPLODEC, AND IS SIMILAR IN ACTION
TO (LAMBDA (X) (CAR (EXPLODEN X))). EXAMPLES:
(GETCHARN 'FOOBAR 1) => 106 ;OCTAL
(GETCHARN 'FOOBAR 4) => 102
(GETCHARN 'FOOBAR -1) => 0
(GETCHARN 'FOOBAR 77) => 0
[2] WHEN AN ALARMCLOCK OR TTY INTERRUPT HAPPENS, THE NOINTERRUPT
FLAG IS SAVED, (NOINTERRUPT T) IS PERFORMED, THE USER'S SERVICE
FUNCTION IS EXECUTED, AND THE NOINTERRUPT FLAG IS RESTORED AFTER
EXECUTION. [THE FLAG MIGHT CONCEIVABLY BE ON IF (IOC <X>) WERE
USED TO INITIATE THE INTERRUPT - NOINTERRUPT ONLY LOCKS OUT
REAL-TIME EVENTS.] THUS, AN ALARMCLOCK HANDLER, FOR EXAMPLE,
WONT BE ABORTED BY A RANDOM ↑G BEFORE IT HAS HAD A CHANCE TO
RESTART THE CLOCK.
[3] THE NEW ARRAY SCHEME IS WORKING WELL NOW FROM THE INTERPRETER
SIDE; THE NCOMPLR WILL KNOW ABOUT IT WHEN THE NEXT VERSION
IS AVAILABLE, AND COMPLR WILL FOLLOW SUIT SHORTLY THEREAFTER.
THE LISP NEW-ARRAY SCHEME COMPRISES MANY CHANGES TO THE
ARRAY PACKAGE, MOST OF WHICH ARE EXTENSIONS; THERE
ARE FEW INCOMPATIBILITIES. THE MOST IMPORTANT EXTENSION IS
THE ADDITION OF TWO NEW TYPES OF ARRAYS: FIXNUM AND FLONUM.
THESE TYPES OF ARRAYS STORE THEIR ELEMENTS AS 36-BIT WORDS
RATHER THAN AS 18-BIT POINTERS, THUS SAVING SPACE AND TIME.
SHORTLY, BOTH COMPLR AND NCOMPLR WILL PRODUCE CODE FOR ARRAYS
THAT WILL OPEN-ACCESS BOTH STANDARD AND FULLWORD ARRAYS ALMOST
AS FAST AS FORTRAN-COMPILED CODE DOES.
ONE SOMEWHAT DRASTIC CHANGE: NSTORE WILL GO AWAY, SINCE
FIXNUM ARRAYS CAN BE USED WHERE AN ARRAY OF NUMBERS IS DESIRED.
FUNCTIONS SUCH AS LOADARRAYS AND DISGORGE WILL BE MODIFIED TO
USE FIXNUM ARRAYS RATHER THAN S-EXPRESSION-WITHOUT-GC-PROTECTION
ARRAYS. IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMETIME IN THE FUTURE THERE MAY BE
OTHER VERSIONS OF THE FIXNUM-ARRAY IDEA, IN WHICH THE USER
SPECIFIES THE NUMBER OF BITS FOR EACH ENTRY; THUS AN ARRAY
OF 1-BIT BYTES COULD EFFECT A SAVINGS OF A FACTOR OF 36. BUT
THIS IS ONLY A POSSIBILITY FOR THE FUTURE. OTHER CHANGES AND
EXTENSIONS ARE DESCRIBED BELOW ON A FUNCTION-BY-FUNCTION BASIS:
(*ARRAY <ARRAY> <TYPE> <DIM1> ... <DIMN>) ;LSUBR (2 . 7)
CREATES AN N-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY. <TYPE> SPECIFIES THE TYPE
OF THE ARRAY TO BE CREATED:
T S-EXPRESSION (AS BEFORE)
NIL S-EXPRESSION (BUT NO GC PROTECTION)
FIXNUM CONTAINS FIXNUMS AS 36-BIT WORDS
FLONUM CONTAINS FLONUMS AS 36-BIT WORDS
OBARRAY OBARRAY
READTABLE READTABLE
IF <ARRAY> IS NIL, THEN AN ARRAY OF THE SPECIFIED TYPE,
DIMENSIONALITY, AND SIZE IS CREATED, AND A FRESH ARRAY
POINTER IS CONSED UP AND RETURNED; THE LATTER IS AN
OBJECT WHICH POINTS TO THE BODY OF THE ARRAY.
TYPEP OF SUCH AN OBJECT RETURNS "ARRAY". SUCH OBJECTS
ARE ALSO THE RESULT OF SAYING (GET 'FOO 'ARRAY), AND
ARE THE VALUE OF ATOMIC SYMBOLS LIKE OBARRAY AND READTABLE.
ARRAY POINTERS MAY BE GIVEN TO APPLY AND FUNCALL; THUS
(READTABLE 10) IS THE 10'TH ENTRY OF THE INITIAL READTABLE,
THAT IS, OF THE ARRAY UNDER READTABLE'S ARRAY PROPERTY; BUT
(FUNCALL READTABLE 10) IS THE 10'TH ENTRY OF THE CURRENT
READTABLE, THAT IS, THE ARRAY POINTER WHICH IS THE VALUE
OF THE VARIABLE "READTABLE". IN GENERAL, ARRAY POINTERS
MAY BE USED IN ALMOST ANY PLACE (ALMOST!) THAT AN ATOMIC
SYMBOL WITH AN ARRAY PROPERTY MAY BE USED. THERE IS A PLACE
WHERE ARRAY POINTERS MUST BE USED IN PREFERENCE TO ATOMIC
SYMBOLS WITH ARRAY PROPERTIES: SEE THE NEW "ARRAYCALL"
FUNCTION BELOW. IN GENERAL, THE USER CANNOT MANIPULATE
ARRAYS DIRECTLY, BUT ONLY THROUGH ARRAY POINTERS; THIS
IS BECAUSE ARRAYS MAY BE RELOCATED WITHOUT WARNING BY
THE GARBAGE COLLECTOR. FURTHERMORE, NO TWO NON-EQ ARRAY
POINTERS CAN EVER POINT TO THE SAME ARRAY.
IF <ARRAY> IS NON-NIL, THEN IT MUST BE EITHER AN ARRAY
POINTER OR AN ATOMIC SYMBOL. IF IT IS A SYMBOL, AND THE
SYMBOL HAS NO ARRAY PROPERTY, IT IS GIVEN ONE (A FRESH
ARRAY POINTER IS CONSED UP FOR THIS PURPOSE). IF <ARRAY>
IS AN ARRAY POINTER, OR A SYMBOL WITH AN ARRAY PROPERTY,
THEN ANY ARRAY CURRENTLY POINTED TO BY THAT POINTER IS
KILLED. IN ANY CASE THE ARRAY POINTER IS THEN MADE TO
POINT TO THE NEWLY CREATED ARRAY.
AN ARRAY MAY BE UP TO FIVE-DIMENSIONAL (FORMERLY ONLY FOUR
DIMENSIONS WERE ALLOWED). IF <DIMX> IS SPECIFIED AS JX,
THEN THE X'TH SUBSCRIPT VARIES FROM 0 TO JX-1, AS BEFORE.
AN ARRAY IS EFFECTIVELY A FUNCTION; THUS IF FOO HAS AN
ARRAY PROPERTY, THEN (FOO 1 3) RETURNS ELEMENT [1,3] OF THE
ARRAY FOO (WHICH BETTER BE TWO-DIMENSIONAL!)
WHEN A NEW ARRAY IS CREATED, ITS ENTRIES ARE INITIALIZED TO
NIL FOR ARRAYS OF TYPE "T" OR "NIL", TO 0 FOR FIXNUM ARRAYS,
OR TO 0.0 FOR FLONUM ARRAYS. TO INITIALIZE AN ARRAY TO OTHER
VALUES, SEE THE FUNCTIONS *REARRAY, BLTARRAY, AND FILLARRAY
BELOW.
IF <TYPE> IS OBARRAY OR READTABLE, THEN THE EXTRA ARGUMENTS
HAVE A SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT SIGNIFICANCE. ONLY TWO OR THREE
ARGUMENTS IN ALL MAY BE GIVEN; THE THIRD, IF PRESENT, TELLS
HOW TO INITIALIZE THE OBARRAY OR READTABLE.
FOR AN OBARRAY, A THIRD ARGUMENT OF NIL MEANS THAT THE NEW
OBARRAY SHOULD BE LEFT COMPLETELY EMPTY. A THIRD ARGUMENT
OF T MEANS THAT THE NEW ARGUMENT SHOULD BE INITIALIZED FROM
THE CURRENT OBARRAY (THAT IS, FROM WHATEVER ARRAY POINTER IS
THE CURRENT VALUE OF THE VARIABLE "OBARRAY"). ANY OTHER
THIRD ARGUMENT MUST BE AN ARRAY OF TYPE OBARRAY FROM WHICH
TO INITIALIZE THE NEW OBARRAY. OMITTING THE THIRD ARGUMENT
IS THE SAME AS SAYING T. NOTE THAT WHEN ONE OBARRAY IS
INITIALIZED FROM ANOTHER, THE BUCKETS ARE COPIED, BUT
THE ATOMIC SYMBOLS ARE NOT COPIED.
FOR A READTABLE, A THIRD ARGUMENT OF NIL MEANS THAT THE NEW
READTABLE SHOULD BE INITIALIZED FROM THE CURRENT READTABLE.
A THIRD ARGUMENT OF T MEANS TO INITIALIZE FROM THE SYSTEM'S
INITIAL READTABLE. ANY OTHER THIRD ARGUMENT MUST BE A
READTABLE TO INITIALIZE FROM. (IT MAKES NO SENSE TO HAVE AN
"EMPTY" READTABLE AS IT DOES FOR AN OBARRAY). OMITTING THE
THIRD ARGUMENT IS THE SAME AS SAYING NIL.
EXAMPLES:
(*ARRAY 'FOO 'FIXNUM 3 4 5) ;FOO GETS AN ARRAY
; PROPERTY FOR A
; 3X4X5 ARRAY OF FIXNUMS
(*ARRAY NIL T 4 4) ;RETURNS ARRAY POINTER
; FOR A 4X4 ARRAY OF
; ARBITRARY S-EXPRESSIONS
(*ARRAY 'QUUX 'READTABLE) ;QUUX IS GIVEN AN ARRAY
; PROPERTY FOR A
; READTABLE, INITIALIZED
; FROM CURRENT ONE
(ARRAY <<ARRAY> <TYPE> <DIM1> ... <DIMN>) ;FSUBR
ARRAY IS THE SAME AS *ARRAY, EXCEPT THAT THE FIRST TWO
ARGUMENTS ARE NOT EVALUATED. THUS THE EXAMPLES ABOVE COULD
HAVE BEEN WRITTEN:
(ARRAY FOO FIXNUM 3 4 5)
(ARRAY NIL T 4 4)
(ARRAY QUUX READTABLE)
(STORE <ARRAY CALL> <VALUE>) ;FSUBR
THIS WORKS AS BEFORE: IT STORES THE GIVEN VALUE IN THE
SPECIFIED ARRAY ELEMENT. IF <ARRAY CALL> IS A CALL TO
A FIXNUM OR FLONUM ARRAY, THEN <VALUE> SHOULD BE A FIXNUM
OR FLONUM, RESPECTIVELY. RECALL THAT STORE EVALUATES ITS
SECOND ARGUMENT BEFORE THE FIRST ARGUMENT; THUS
(SETQ J 3)
(STORE (FOOARRAY (SETQ J 5)) J)
WILL STORE 3, NOT 5, IN ELEMENT 5 OF FOOARRAY. ONE SHOULD AVOID
DEPENDING ON THIS FACT, HOWEVER, IN THE INTERESTS OF CLARITY.
SEE ALSO THE DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW "ARRAYCALL" FUNCTION BELOW.
(ARRAYDIMS <ARRAY>) ;SUBR 1
THIS FUNCTION WORKS AS BEFORE, BUT CAN RETURN A BROADER
RANGE OF VALUES. IT RETURNS A LIST, SUCH THAT THE CAR
OF THE LIST IS THE TYPE OF THE ARRAY (I.E., T, NIL,
FIXNUM, FLONUM, OBARRAY, OR READTABLE), AND THE CDR IS
A LIST OF ARRAY DIMENSIONS. THUS:
(ARRAY QUUX FIXNUM 3 4 5)
(ARRAYDIMS 'QUUX) => (FIXNUM 3 4 5)
(ARRAYDIMS (GET 'QUUX 'ARRAY)) => (FIXNUM 3 4 5)
(ARRAY ZORCH OBARRAY)
(ARRAYDIMS 'ZORCH) => (OBARRAY 777)
WHERE 777 HAPPENS TO BE THE SIZE OF AN OBARRAY ON THIS
GIVEN LISP SYSTEM (THIS VARIES FROM ONE LISP TO ANOTHER).
NOTE THAT ARRAYDIMS RETURNS SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT VALUES FOR
READTABLES AND OBARRAYS THAN IT USED TO.
(*REARRAY <ARRAY> <TYPE> <DIM1> ... <DIMN>) ;LSUBR (1 . 7)
THIS FUNCTION WORKS PRETTY MUCH AS BEFORE.
IF IT IS GIVEN ONLY ONE ARGUMENT (*REARRAY FOO), THEN FOO
MAY BE AN ARRAY POINTER OR AN ATOMIC SYMBOL. IF IT IS AN
ATOMIC SYMBOL WITH NO ARRAY PROPERTY, IT MERELY RETURNS.
OTHERWISE IT KILLS THE ARRAY POINTED TO BY THE ARRAY POINTER
(THE ONE GIVEN, OR THE ONE OBTAINED FROM THE SYMBOL'S
PROPERTY LIST). THE ARRAY POINTER IS NOW "DEAD", AND CANNOT
BE USED AS A FUNCTION UNLESS AND UNTIL IT IS GIVEN A NEW
ARRAY TO POINT TO.
IF MORE THAN ONE ARGUMENT IS GIVEN TO *REARRAY, THEN THEY
SHOULD BE ARGUMENTS SIMILAR TO THOSE FOR *ARRAY, EXCEPT THAT
THE FIRST ARGUMENT MUST ALREADY BE A LIVE ARRAY, EITHER AS
AN ARRAY POINTER OR AS A SYMBOL WITH A LIVE ARRAY PROPERTY.
*REARRAY EFFECTIVELY CREATES A NEW ARRAY OF THE SPECIFIED
DIMENSIONS AND BLTARRAY'S DATA FROM THE GIVEN ARRAY INTO THE
NEW, THEN ALTERS THE ARRAY POINTER TO POINT TO THE NEW ARRAY.
*REARRAY WILL NOT PERMIT YOU TO ALTER THE TYPE OF THE ARRAY
AT PRESENT - YOU MUST SPECIFY THE CORRECT TYPE. IT IS RATHER
MEANINGLESS TO USE *REARRAY OF MORE THAN ONE ARGUMENT ON A
READTABLE OR OBARRAY.
(BLTARRAY <FROMARRAY> <TOARRAY>) ;SUBR 2
BLTARRAY, AS BEFORE, COPIES THE DATA IN <FROMARRAY> INTO
<TOARRAY>. IF <FROMARRAY> IS SHORTER, THEN EXTRA DATA IN
<TOARRAY> IS UNHARMED, MORE OR LESS. IF <TOARRAY> IS
SHORTER, THEN AS MUCH DATA AS WILL FIT IS COPIED.
BLTARRAY INSISTS ON GETTING TWO ARRAYS OF THE SAME TYPE;
IT WILL NOT COPY A FIXNUM ARRAY INTO A FLONUM ARRAY, AN
S-EXPRESSION ARRAY, OR A READTABLE.
IF ONE OBARRAY IS COPIED INTO ANOTHER, THE BUCKETS ARE
COPIED AS WELL, AS IF FOR *ARRAY.
(LISTARRAY <ARRAY>) ;SUBR 1
LISTARRAY NOW WORKS ON ARRAYS OF ALL TYPES AND ALL
DIMENSIONS. IT RETURNS A LIST OF ALL THE DATA IN THE
GIVEN ARRAY. IF A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY IS GIVEN,
THE DATA IS TAKEN IN ROW-MAJOR ORDER; FOR EXAMPLE:
(ARRAY FOO FIXNUM 2 2)
(LISTARRAY 'FOO)
RETURNS FOO[0,0] FOO[0,1] FOO[1,0] FOO[1,1] AS A LIST
IN THAT ORDER.
(FILLARRAY <ARRAY> <LIST>) ;SUBR 2
FILLARRAY IS AN INVERSE TO LISTARRAY, EXCEPT THAT IT
IS NOT PERMITTED TO USE FILLARRAY ON READTABLES OR
OBARRAYS. IT DISTRIBUTES THE GIVEN LIST OF ITEMS
INTO THE GIVEN ARRAY IN ROW-MAJOR ORDER. IF A FIXNUM
OR FLONUM ARRAY IS SUPPLIED, THEN THE ELEMENTS OF THE
LIST MUST ALL BE FIXNUMS OR FLONUMS, RESPECTIVELY.
IF THERE ARE TOO MANY ITEMS IN THE LIST, THE EXTRA ONES
ARE IGNORED; IF THERE ARE NOT ENOUGH, THEN THE LAST ONE
IS USED TO FILL OUT THE ARRAY. THUS
(FILLARRAY 'FOO '(43 11 27)) ;RANDOM NUMBERS
FILLS FOO, AS DEFINED ABOVE, SUCH THAT
FOO[0,0] = 43
FOO[0,1] = 11
FOO[1,0] = 27
FOO[1,1] = 27
(MAKOBLIST <ARG>) ;SUBR 1
THIS FUNCTION WORKS AS BEFORE. NOTE THE FOLLOWING
EQUIVALENCES IN THE NEW ARRAY SCHEME:
(MAKOBLIST NIL) <=> (LISTARRAY OBARRAY)
(MAKOBLIST X) <=> (*ARRAY X 'OBARRAY)
FOR X NOT NIL.
(MAKREADTABLE <ARG>) ;SUBR 1
THIS FUNCTION WORKS AS BEFORE. NOTE THE FOLLOWING
EQUIVALENCES IN THE NEW ARRAY SCHEME:
(MAKREADTABLE NIL) <=> (*ARRAY (GENSYM) 'READTABLE)
(MAKREADTABLE T) <=> (*ARRAY (GENSYM) 'READTABLE T)
(MAKREADTABLE X) <=> (*ARRAY X 'READTABLE)
FOR X NOT NIL OR T.
(ARRAYCALL <TYPE> <APTR> <ARG1> ... <ARGN>) ;LSUBR (2 . 6)
[SEE ALSO ITEM [4] BELOW.]
ARRAYCALL IS SIMILAR TO FUNCALL, BUT INSISTS THAT ITS SECOND
ARGUMENT BE AN ARRAY POINTER (AN ATOMIC SYMBOL WITH AN ARRAY
PROPERTY IS NOT ACCEPTABLE IN THIS CONTEXT!) ITS FIRST ARGUMENT
SHOULD MATCH THE TYPE INFORMATION OF THE ARRAY - EITHER FIXNUM,
FLONUM, NIL, OR T.
ITS PRIME VIRTUE IS THAT IT PERMITS THE COMPILER TO OPEN-CODE
ACCESS TO VARIABLE ARRAYS. ONE MAY ALSO WRITE
(STORE (ARRAYCALL TYPE VAR X1 ... XN) VAL)
AND HAVE IT COMPILE EFFICIENTLY. EXAMPLE OF USE:
(DEFUN TRANSPOSE (A)
(PROG (ARY TYP)
(COND ((EQ (SETQ TYP (TYPEP A)) 'ARRAY)
(SETQ ARY A))
((AND (EQ TYP 'SYMBOL)
(SETQ ARY (GET A 'ARRAY))))
(T (RETURN
(TRANSPOSE
(ERROR 'NON-ARRAY/ -/ TRANSPOSE
A 'WRNG-TYPE-ARG)))))
(OR (AND (= (LENGTH (SETQ TYP
(ARRAYDIMS ARY)))
3)
(= (CADR TYP) (CADDR TYP)))
(RETURN
(TRANSPOSE
(ERROR 'NOT/ 2-DIM/ SQUARE/ -/ TRANSPOSE
A 'WRNG-TYPE-ARG))))
(DO ((N) (I 1 (1+ I)))
((= I (CADR TYP)))
(DO ((J 1 (1+ J)))
((= J I))
(SETQ N (ARRAYCALL (CAR TYP) ARY I J))
(STORE (ARRAYCALL (CAR TYP) ARY I J)
(ARRAYCALL (CAR TYP) ARY J I))
(STORE (ARRAYCALL (CAR TYP) ARY J I) N)))
(RETURN A)))
ANOTHER VARIATION WOULD BE TO LIMIT TRANSPOSE TO FIXNUM ARRAYS.
THE EACH OF THE FOUR USAGES OF ARRAYCALL WOULD BE LIKE
(ARRAYCALL 'FIXNUM ARY . . .), AND THE NCOMPLR WOULD BE ABLE
TO MAKE OPEN-CODED REFERENCES TO THE ARRAY.
PRIN1, PRINC, EXPLODEC, ETC.
THE PRINT FUNCTIONS AND OTHER RELATED FUNCTIONS PRINT ARRAY
POINTERS IN THE FOLLOWING MANNER: IF THE ARRAY POINTER IS
DEAD (POINTS TO NO LIVE ARRAY), IT PRINTS AS "#DEAD-ARRAY".
OTHERWISE IT PRINTS AS "#", THE TYPE OF ARRAY, "-", THE
DIMENSIONS OF THE ARRAY SEPARATED BY ":" IN THE CURRENT
RADIX, "-", AND THE ADDRESS OF THE ARRAY POINTER IN OCTAL.
THUS PRINTING AN ARRAY POINTER LETS YOU SEE THE SAME
INFORMATION RETURNED BY ARRAYDIMS. EXAMPLES:
USER: (ARRAY NIL OBARRAY)
LISP: #OBARRAY-777-103426
U: (ARRAY NIL FIXNUM 4 5 6)
L: #FIXNUM-4:5:6-103424
U: (ARRAY FOO T 3 5 2 4 3)
L: FOO
U: (GET 'FOO 'ARRAY)
L: #T-3:5:2:4:3-102362
[4] THREE NEW FUNCTIONS: SUBRCALL, LSUBRCALL, ARRAYCALL.
(ARRAYCALL IS ALSO THORUGHLY DESCRIBED IN ITEM [3].)
THESE ARE ANALOGOUS TO FUNCALL, IN THAT THEY TAKE
A "FUNCTION" SPECIFICATION AS THE FIRST ARGUMENT AND
AND ARGUMENTS FOR THAT FUNCTION AS THE REST OF THE
ARGUMENTS. THE DIFFERENCE IS THAT THE SECOND ARGUMENT
TO <FOO>CALL (FOR <FOO> AMONG [SUBR, LSUBR, ARRAY])
SHOULD BE THE KIND OF ITEM YOU WOULD OBTAIN BY SAYING
(GET 'QUUX '<FOO>) FOR SOME ATOMIC SYMBOL QUUX.
THUS:
(SUBRCALL NIL (GET 'CAR 'SUBR) '(A . B)) => A
YOU USE THESE AT YOUR OWN RISK, OF COURSE; THE INTERPRETER
CAN'T CHECK EVERYTHING. SOON THE COMPILER WILL OPEN-CODE
THESE GUYS SUPER-EFFICIENTLY.
HERE IS AN INTERESTING HACK:
(SETQ SUBRDISPATCH (ARRAY NIL T 40)) ;40=RANDOM SIZE
(DO ((I 0 (1+ I))
(X '(CAR CDR CADR REVERSE EXPLODE ...) (CDR X)))
((NULL X))
(STORE (ARRAYCALL T SUBRDISPATCH I)
(GET (CAR X) 'SUBR)))
(SUBRCALL NIL (ARRAYCALL T SUBRDISPATCH 3) '(A B C)) => (C B A)
(SUBRCALL NIL (ARRAYCALL T SUBRDISPATCH 1) '(A B C)) => B
AND SO FORTH AND SO ON. THAT IS, YOU CAN HAVE AN ARRAY
OF DISPATCH ADDRESSES. AGAIN, BE CAREFUL!
[5] FOR MACHINE LANGUAGE HACKERS ONLY:
PDP-10 LISP'S UUO'S HAVE BEEN REARRANGED. LER2 AND LER4
HAVE BEEN FLUSHED. LER3'S OPCODE HAS BEEN ALTERED.
TWO NEW UUO'S: ACALL AND AJCALL. THE EFFECTIVE ADDRESS
OF ACALL MUST AN ARRAY POINTER, WHICH SHOULD HAVE ITS
COMPILED-CODE-NEEDS-ME BIT TURNED ON. ACALL SERVES
AS AN NCALL TO AN ARRAY (ONE CAN'T INCREMENT THE
EFFECTIVE ADDRESS OF AN NCALL TO AN ARRAY BECAUSE IT
IS INDIRECT). THE UUO HANDLER THUS SMASHES NCALL'S TO
ARRAYS TO BE ACALL'S INSTEAD OF PUSHJ'S, AND SIMILARLY
NJCALL'S TO BE AJCALL'S. IN MOST PRACTICAL CASES THIS
WILL NOT BE NECESSARY, SINCE THE COMPILER HOPEFULLY
CAN OPEN-CODE MOST ARRAY ACCESSES ANYWAY.
THE GETMIDASOP FUNCTION HAS BEEN UPDATED TO REFLECT
THESE ALTERED OP-CODES.
[6] HH$X TRIES NOT TO SIGNAL A ↑H INTERRUPT IF IT THINKS THAT THE
INTERRUPT WILL BE STACKED IN THE INTERRUPT QUEUE RATHER THAN
RUN IMMEDIATELY. IT WILL SIMPLY RETURN TO DDT IN THIS CASE.
FRIDAY MARCH 01,1974 FQ+18H.38M.31S. LISP 767 - GLS -
[1] NEGATIVE RUNTIMES
[2] ERRFRAME CHANGE
[3] FUNCALL PUSHES APPLY FRAMES
[4] NEW FUNCTION: NRECONC
[5] PRINT, PRIN1, PRINC CHECK I/O FLAGS - AFFECTS ABBREVIATION
[6] (STATUS UREAD) IS NOW CONSISTENT ABOUT LINKS
[7] SOME CHANGES TO ARRAY STUFF (PREPARING FOR NEW ARRAYS)
[7A] TYPEP MAY RETURN ARRAY
[7B] BIBOP SAR SPACE NOW CALLED ARRAY SPACE
[7C] IN BOTH LISPS, ALLOC SAYS "ARRAY="
[8] REVIEW OF P.$X AND FRIENDS
----------------------------------------------------------------
[1] IT HAS BEEN OBSERVED THAT OCCASIONALLY RUNTIMES WILL BE
MEASURED AS BEING NEGATIVE. THIS IS APPARENTLY AN ITS BUG
HAVING SOMETHING TO DO WITH REQUESTING CORE MANAGEMENT,
SO IT HAPPENS MORE IN BIBOP LISP THAN IN NON-BIBOP. I'VE
TAKEN SOME COMPENSATIVE ACTIONS, BUT BE FOREWARNED AND BEWARE.
[2] CHANGE TO ERRFRAMES: FOR COMPATIBILITY WITH EVALFRAMES,
ERRFRAMES ARE NOW OF THE FORM
(ERR <PDL POINTER> <ERROR MESSAGE> <A-LIST>)
I.E. THE ATOM "ERR" IS NOW CONSED ON THE FRONT, JUST
AS "EVAL" OR "APPLY" IS CONSED ONTO AN EVALFRAME.
[3] SPEAKING OF EVALFRAMES: FUNCALL CREATES SUCH A FRAME
OF THE APPLY VARIETY THESE DAYS.
[4] (NRECONC X Y) <=> (NCONC (NREVERSE X) Y)
BUT IS FASTER, BECAUSE IT DOESN'T HAVE TO SCAN BACK
DOWN THE LIST JUST NREVERSED TO DO THE NCONC.
[5] PRINT, PRIN1, AND PRINC CHECK ALL THEOUTPUT FLAGS
(↑W, ↑R, ↑B, ↑N) BEFORE COMMENCING PRINTOUT.
IF THE FLAGS ALL INDICATE NO OUTPUT, THEY RETURN
IMMEDIATELY, THUS SAVING MUCH TIME.
FURTHERMORE, IF OUTPUT IS GOING TO THE TTY AND
NOWHERE ELSE, AND YOU ARE USING PRINLEVEL AND PRINLENGTH
TO GET ABBREVIATED FORMS OUTPUT, THEN ONLY THE
ABBREVIATED FORMS ARE GENERATED. THIS MEANS THAT
TYPING ↑R IN THE MIDDLE OF SUCH A PRINTOUT MAY
CAUSE A FILE TO RECEIVE (THE TAIL END OF) AN
ABBREVIATED FORM, EVEN IF (STATUS ABBREVIATE)
REQUESTS OTHERWISE. ON THE OTHER HAND, THIS HACK
PREVENTS CERTAIN SCREWS INVOLVING CIRCULAR LISTS.
[6] IF DSK:LOSER;FOO BAR IS A LINK TO DSK:CLOD;ZORCH QUUX
AND YOU DO (UREAD FOO BAR DSK LOSER), THEN (STATUS UREAD)
WILL RETURN (ZORCH QUUX DSK CLOD) AND NOT
(ZORCH QUUX DSK LOSER) AS IT USED TO.
[7] SOME NEW STUFF HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN THIS LISP
IN ANTICIPATION OF THE NEW FAST ARRAY SCHEME.
A NEW KIND OF SPACE HAS BEEN IMPLEMENTED IN
NON-BIBOP LISP, ANALOGOUS TO BIBOP LISP'S
FORMER "SAR" SPACE, WHICH HOLDS OBJECTS CALLED
ARRAY POINTERS.
[7A] SUCH OBJECTS ARE OF TYPE "ARRAY". TYPEP
WILL RETURN "ARRAY" FOR SUCH AN OBJECT.
[7B] BIBOP'S SAR SPACE IS NOW CALLED ARRAY SPACE,
FOR INDEED THEY ARE THE SAME OBJECTS.
THUS YOU MUST NOW SAY (ALLOC '(ARRAY 300))
INSTEAD OF (ALLOC '(SAR 300)), ETC.
[7C] THE INITIAL ALLOC WILL ASK YOU "ARRAY=".
ARRAY POINTERS ARE TWO WORDS, SO IF YOU SAY
100., YOU HAVE ALLOCATED ROOM FOR 50. ARRAY
POINTERS.
OTHERWISE ALL THE ARRAY STUFF SHOULD WORK THE SAME AS
BEFORE; BUT WATCH FOR THE NEW ARRAY SCHEME!
[8] FOR PEOPLE WHO USE DDT TO DEBUG LISP CODE (I.E.
SUPER-HACKERS), HERE IS A REVIEW OF P.$X AND FRIENDS:
P.$X AND RELATED GOODIES ARE NAMED INSTRUCTIONS WHICH
YOU CAN EXECUTE FROM DDT WITH THE $X COMMAND WHICH DO
ALL KINDS OF NICE THINGS FOR YOU. THEY AVOID CLOBBERING
ANYTHING WITHIN THE LISP, E.G. THEY SAVE AND RESTORE
ANY ACCUMULATORS AND/OR TEMPORARIES THEY USE,
AND ARE CIRCUMSPECT ABOUT I/O SWITCHES.
REFERENCES TO "THE LEFT HALF OF ." OR "THE RIGHT HALF
OF ." MEANS THAT THE LEFT OR RIGHT HALF OF DDT'S
CURRENTLY OPEN LOCATION IS UNDER CONSIDERATION. $=ALTMODE.
P.$X ASSUMES THE RIGHT HALF OF . TO BE AN
S-EXPRESION, AND PRINTS IT.
PL.$X PRINTS THE LEFT HALF OF . AS AN S-EXPRESSION.
PP Z$X WHERE Z IS SOME QUANTITY, PRINTS THAT QUANTITY
AS IF IT WERE A POINTER, AS AN S-EXPRESSION.
(PP IS A UUO, AND Z IS ITS EFFECTIVE ADDRESS.
SINCE PP IS A UUO, A FEW TEMPORARIES USED BY THE
UUO HANDLER GET CLOBBERED; THUS BEWARE OF USING
IT IF YOU MAY HAVE BROKEN OUT OF THE UUO
HANDLER TO DDT.)
VC.$X ASSUMES THAT THE RIGHT HALF OF . POINTS TO
A VALUE CELL, AND RUNS OVER THE OBARRAY TRYING
TO FIND AN ATOM WITH THAT VALUE CELL. PRINTS
THE ATOM IF IT FINDS ONE, OTHERWISE PRINTS ?.
VCL.$X ASSUMES LEFT HALF OF . POINTS TO A VALUE CELL,
AND BEHAVES LIKE VC.$X. NOTE THAT THIS IS
PARTICULARLY GOOD FOR EXAMINING SPECIAL PDL
ENTRIES, WHICH HAVE VALUE CELL POINTERS IN THE
LEFT HALF, AND OLD VALUES ON THE RIGHT HALF.
SB.$X ASSUMES THAT THE RIGHT HALF OF . POINTS
SOMEWHERE INTO THE MIDDLE OF A SUBR, AND RUNS
OVER THE OBARRAY TRYING TO FIND THE NAME OF THE
SUBR. IF THE NAME CAN BE FOUND, IT IS PRINTED.
THIS IS ESPECIALLY GOOD FOR REGULAR PDL ENTRIES
CREATED BY PUSHJ, BECAUSE THEY CONTAIN A SUBR
RETURN ADDRESS IN THE RIGHT HALF.
HH$X CREATE A FAKE ↑H BREAKPOINT IN LISP.
THIS SAVES THE ENVIRONMENT THE WAY ANY USER
INTERRUPT DOES AND LETS YOU INVESTIGATE A
LITTLE. THIS IS GOOD WHEN YOU CAN'T AFFORD
TO PROCEED THE LISP EVEN LONG ENOUGH TO TYPE
↑H AT IT. WHEN YOU TYPE $P AT LISP, YOU WILL
SEE A *. YOU ARE IN DDT! (YES, $P GETS YOU BACK
TO DDT, NOT BACK FROM IT, HERE!)
NOTE THAT IF YOU WENT BACK TO DDT WHILE LISP
HAD USER INTERRUPTS LOCKED OUT (E.G. IN THE
MIDDLE OF A GARBAGE COLLECTION), THEN THE
↑H BREAK CAN'T BE RUN; YOU WILL RETURN TO DDT
IMMEDIATELY.
DP$X DEPURIFIES THE PAGE CONTAINING .. THIS WAS
INVENTED BEFORE DDT DID IT FOR YOU.
RP$X REPURIFIES THE PAGE CONTAINING .. THIS IS
SOMEWHAT MORE USEFUL, E.G. TO REPURIFY A PAGE
AFTER PATCHING IT.
PURIFY$G THIS PURIFIES THE SYSTEM PAGES OF LISP
WHICH MAY BE PURE. FOR BIBOP LISP, IT ALSO
PURIFIES THOSE PAGES OF USER CODE WHICH HAVE
BEEN MARKED AS PURIFIABLE. IT TENDS TO
DESTROY ACCUMULATORS; YOU CAN'T PROCEED AFTER
DOING IT. (IT IS GENERALLY PERFORMED PRIOR
TO DUMPING OUT A LISP, E.G. JUST AFTER A
CALL TO THE FUNCTION MACDMP.)
THE REST OF THESE ARE AVAILABLE ONLY IN BIBOP LISP.
T.$X IS LIKE P.$X, BUT INSTEAD OF PRINTING THE
RIGHT HALF OF . AS AN S-EXPRESSION, IT GETS
TYPEP INFORMATION FOR IT FROM THE BIBOP
TYPE TABLE, AND PRINTS THE TYPE INFORMATION.
TL.$X LIKE T.$X, BUT LOOKS AT THE LEFT HALF OF ..
TP Z$X LIKE PP Z$X, ONLY DOES T. INSTEAD OF P..
TBLPUR$X PRINTS OUT BIBOP'S PURTBL DATA BASE,
ONE DIGIT FOR EVERY PAGE IN THE 256K ADDRESS
SPACE. THE DIGITS ARE 0 = NONEXISTENT MEMORY,
1 = IMPURE MEMORY, 2 = PURE MEMORY,
3 = MEMORY IN AN UNCERTAIN STATE, E.G. PDL
AREAS AND THE END OF BINARY PROGRAM SPACE.
AT THE END SUMMARIES ARE PRINTED.
THIS IS NOT THE ACTUAL STATE OF MEMORY, BUT
ONLY WHAT BIBOP WOULD LIKE IT TO BE,
E.G. A PAGE MARKED 2 MAY NOT REALLY BE PURE.
PURIFY$X IN BIBOP EFFECTIVELY FORCES THE ACTUAL
STATE OF THE WORLD TO CONFORM TO THE PURTBL.
PAGPUR$X PRINTS OUT A TABLE LIKE TBLPUR, BUT
DISPLAYS THE ACTUAL STATE OF EACH PAGE,
NONEXISTENT, IMPURE, OR PURE.
ββ